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Zhang W, Li W, Song Y, Xu Q, Xu H. Bacterial detection based on Förster resonance energy transfer. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 255:116244. [PMID: 38547644 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The huge economic loss and threat to human health caused by bacterial infection have attracted the public's concern, and there is an urgent need to relieve and improve the tough problem. Therefore, it is significant to establish a facile, rapid, and sensitive method for bacterial detection considering the shortcomings of existing methods. Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based sensors have exhibited immense potential and applicability for bacterial detection given their high signal-to-noise ratio and high sensitivity. This review focuses on the development of FRET-based fluorescence assays for bacterial detection. We summarize the principle of FRET-based assays, discuss the commonly used recognition molecules and further introduce three frequent construction strategies. Based on the strategies and materials, relevant applications are presented. Moreover, some restrictions of FRET fluorescence sensors and development prospects are discussed. Suitable donor-acceptor pairs and stable recognition molecules are the essential conditions for sensors to play their roles, and there is still some room for development. Besides, applying FRET fluorescence sensors to point-of-care detection is still difficult. Future developments could focus on near-infrared fluorescent dyes and simultaneous detection of multiple analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Yang Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Qian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330047, PR China.
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2
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Xia S, Duan Y, Yu S, Sun Y, Zhu H, Zhao Z, Wang L, Liu H, He Y, He H. A cellulosic multi-bands fluorescence probe for rapid detection of pH and glutathione. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 331:121893. [PMID: 38388065 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The detection of pH and glutathione (GSH) is positively significant for the cell microenvironment imaging. Here, to assess the pH value and the concentration of GSH efficiently and visually, a cellulose-based multi-bands ratiometric fluorescence probe was designed by assembling MnO2-modified cellulose gold nanoclusters, fluorescein isothiocyanate-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and protoporphyrin IX-modified CNCs. The probe exhibits GSH-responsive, pH-sensitive and GSH/pH-independent fluorescent properties at 440 nm, 520 nm, and 633 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the probe identifies GSH within 4 s by degrading MnO2 into Mn2+ in response to GSH. Ingeniously, the green fluorescence of the probe at 520 nm was decreased with pH, and the red fluorescence at 633 nm remained stable. Therefore, the probe displayed distinguishing fluorescence colors from pink to blue and from green to blue for the synchronous detection of pH and GSH concentration within 4 s. The design strategy provides insights to construct multi-bands fluorescence probes for the rapid detection of multiple target analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Xia
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yujie Duan
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yupei Sun
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Hongxiang Zhu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Zihan Zhao
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Yingping He
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Hui He
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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3
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Liu Y, Xu Y, Wen Q. Carbon dots for staining bacterial dead cells and distinguishing dead/alive bacteria. Anal Biochem 2024; 687:115432. [PMID: 38113980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The small molecular dyes such as propidium iodide (PI) always suffer from photo-bleaching and potential toxicity. To tackle the problems, a type of nontoxic carbon dots (CDs) was obtained for dead/alive bacterial distinguishing. This kind of carbon dots has an average size of 1.91 nm and owns carboxyl groups, emerging as excellent candidates for imaging bacterial cells. The negative charges of carboxyl groups lead their avoidance of alive cells while their small size facilitates penetration of dead cells. This kind of nontoxic CDs has effectively differentiated between and alive ones, presenting a highly promising green dye comparing with traditional small molecular dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Qin Wen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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Liu L, Yao Q, Jiang F, Cai Z, Meng M, Sun H, Zhang L, Gong J. Ultrasensitive Dual-Mode Visual/Photoelectrochemical Bioassay for Antibiotic Resistance Genes through Incorporating Rolling Circle Amplicons into a Tailored Nanoassembly. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38329298 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants in the environment, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have aroused a global health crisis and posed a serious threat to ecological safety and human health. Thus, efficient and accurate onsite detection of ARGs is crucial for environmental surveillance. Here, we presented a colorimetric-photoelectrochemical (PEC) dual-mode bioassay for simultaneous detection of multiple ARGs by smartly incorporating rolling circle amplification (RCA) into a stimuli-responsive DNA nanoassembly, using the tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC as models. The tailored DNA nanoassembly containing RCA amplicons hybridized with specific signal probes: CuO nanoflowers-anchored signal DNA1 and HgO nanoparticles-anchored signal DNA2, respectively. Upon exposure to an acidic stimulus, numerous Cu2+ and Hg2+ were released, serving as the reporting agent of colorimetric/PEC dual-mode assay. The released Cu2+ and Hg2+ induced localized surface plasmon resonance shifts in Au nanorods and triangular Ag nanoplates through an etching process, respectively, enabling visual analysis of ARGs with distinguishing color changes. Meanwhile, numerous Cu2+ and Hg2+ triggered the amplified PEC variations via reacting with the photoactive layers of CuS/CdS and ZnS, respectively. Thus, a rapid and ultrasensitive colorimetric/PEC dual-mode detection of multiple ARGs was achieved with the detection limit down to 17.2 aM. Furthermore, such dual-mode bioassay could discriminate single-base mismatch and successfully determine ARGs in E. coli plasmids and sludge samples, holding great promise for point-of-care genetic diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Qingfeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Fang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Cai
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Mingxia Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Jingming Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Gao L, Han J, Miao X. Dual-signal and one-step monitoring of Staphylococcus aureus in milk using hybridization chain reaction based fluorescent sensor. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 303:123191. [PMID: 37517267 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Food-borne pathogens in dairy products that was contaminated from raw ingredients or improper food handling can cause a major threaten to human health. Here, to construct the pathogens detection, a dual-signal readout fluorescent switching sensor was designed for one-step determination of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which was a marker of food contamination. Graphene oxide (GO) was used as a fluorescence quencher, while fluorophore-labeled hairpin DNA was used as a donor, resulting in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the fluorophore to GO (signal off). Enzyme-free hybridization chain reaction could generate remarkable signal amplification, which avoided the nonspecific desorption caused by any enzymatic proteins in GO surface. With the strong binding ability of aptamer to S. aureus, a long bifluorescent molecules-labeled double-stranded DNA product was formed, bringing in dual-signal readout responses (signal on). Consequently, a reliable, sensitive and selective sensor was obtained for one-step quantification of S. aureus concentration from 10 to 108 CFU/mL with a detection limit of 1 CFU/mL. Furthermore, satisfactory stability, reproducibility, specificity and good recovery efficiency in milk samples revealed that the proposed sensor could be served as a prospective tool for food safety analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046012, China.
| | - Liang Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046012, China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhi Medical College, Shanxi 046012, China
| | - Xiangmin Miao
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Liao X, Deng R, Warriner K, Ding T. Antibiotic resistance mechanism and diagnosis of common foodborne pathogens based on genotypic and phenotypic biomarkers. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:3212-3253. [PMID: 37222539 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to the overuse or inappropriate use of antibiotics has become a significant public health concern. The agri-food chain, which serves as a vital link between the environment, food, and human, contributes to the large-scale dissemination of antibiotic resistance, posing a concern to both food safety and human health. Identification and evaluation of antibiotic resistance of foodborne bacteria is a crucial priority to avoid antibiotic abuse and ensure food safety. However, the conventional approach for detecting antibiotic resistance heavily relies on culture-based methods, which are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop accurate and rapid tools for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance at both phenotypic and genetic levels, with a focus on identifying potential biomarkers for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in foodborne pathogens. Furthermore, an overview of advances in the strategies based on the potential biomarkers (antibiotic resistance genes, antibiotic resistance-associated mutations, antibiotic resistance phenotypes) for antibiotic resistance analysis of foodborne pathogens is systematically exhibited. This work aims to provide guidance for the advancement of efficient and accurate diagnostic techniques for antibiotic resistance analysis in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Liao
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, NingboTech University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruijie Deng
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keith Warriner
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tian Ding
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Future Food Laboratory, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan, Zhejiang, China
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Chen N, Gong C, Zhao H. Dual-channel fluorescence detection of antibiotic resistance genes based on DNA-templated silver nanoclusters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163559. [PMID: 37080301 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aqueous environment is an ideal site for the generation and transmission of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), and has become a sink for multiple ARGs. Detection of multiple ARGs in one-pot by a simple method is essential to control the spread of antibiotic resistance. Herein, we developed a novel fluorescence sensing strategy based on chameleon DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (AgNCs) to achieve simultaneous detection of two ARGs (tet-A and sul-1). A DNA fluorescent probe with AgNCs stabilized at both termini and another DNA probe carried enhancer sequences were designed. The hybridization of the target ARGs and probes can form an infinitely extended linear DNA structure containing multi-branched AgNCs beacons, and the chameleon AgNCs approach the fluorescence enhancer sequence, thereby realizing the transduction and amplification of green and red fluorescence signals. Through this strategy, we successfully achieved highly specific detection of two ARGs with the LOD of 0.45 nM for tet-A and 0.32 nM for sul-1. In addition, the strategy still had good applicability in the detection of actual samples containing complex components. In this study, fluorescent DNA-AgNCs were applied to the rapid, enzyme-free and reliable detection of ARGs for the first time. The excellent performance of the simultaneous detection of two ARGs displayed that this method can be used to simultaneously analyze different types of ARGs, indicating its great potential in rapid screening and quantitative detection of ARGs in various environmental medias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Changbao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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Liu L, Li X, Yao Q, Hu Y, Sun H, Zhang L, Gong J. Temperature-Responsive Nanocarrier-Regulated Alternative Release of "Cargos" for a Multiplex Photoelectrochemical Bioassay of Antibiotic-Resistant Genes. Anal Chem 2022; 94:14061-14070. [PMID: 36179125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A smart temperature stimuli-driven multiplex photoelectrochemical (PEC) assay was constructed for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) detection, where the stimuli-responsive gatekeeping by regulating the alternative release of "cargo" allowed for the simultaneous detection of multiple tetracycline resistance gene, using tetA (TDNA1) and tetC (TDNA2) as the model. Dual temperature-responsive nanoassemblies were embedded in the PEC bioassay as signal DNA tages: one thermoresponsive polymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), PNIPAM)-capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) with loading the "cargo" of HgO nanoparticles as signal DNA1 tags (SDNA1-PNIPAM@MSN@HgONPs) and the other antimony tartrate (SbT)-anchored silica nanospheres as signal DNA2 tags (SDNA2-SbT@SiO2NSs). At 20 °C, below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, the "gatekeeper" PNIPAM in SDNA1-PNIPAM@MSN@HgONPs was in an ON state, igniting Hg2+ release through the pore of SiO2. While at above LCST (40 °C), it was in an OFF state. Likewise, the thermo-dependent dissociation of SbT endowed the grafted SDNA2 tags switching from the OFF (at 20 °C) to ON state (at 40 °C), igniting SbO+ release. The released Hg2+ and SbO+ triggered the amplified photocurrents due to the structure evolution of the photoactive layer into HgS/ZnS or Sb2S3/ZnS heterostructure, thus achieving sensitive detection of multiple ARGs: tetA, tetC, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetZ, tetX, and tetW. Combined with heat map analysis, rapid screening of the ARGs profiles in 12 samples could be realized. This bioassay is simple and accessible for multiple genes analysis with the detection limit down to 0.50 nM. And it was successfully applied for measuring tetracycline ARGs in real sludge samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yachen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Gong
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
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Role of Förster Resonance Energy Transfer in Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Sensing. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12146844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based fluorescence sensing of various target analytes has been of growing interest in the environmental, bioimaging, and diagnosis fields. Graphene-based zero- (0D) to two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQDs), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and graphdiyne (GD), can potentially be employed as donors/acceptors in FRET-based sensing approaches because of their unique electronic and photoluminescent properties. In this review, we discuss the basics of FRET, as well as the role of graphene-based nanomaterials (GQDs, GO, rGO, and GD) for sensing various analytes, including cations, amino acids, explosives, pesticides, biomolecules, bacteria, and viruses. In addition, the graphene-based nanomaterial sensing strategy could be applied in environmental sample analyses, and the reason for the lower detection ranges (micro- to pico-molar concentration) could also be explained in detail. Challenges and future directions for designing nanomaterials with a new sensing approach and better sensing performance will also be highlighted.
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Shim J, Williams L, Kim D, Ko K, Kim MS. Application of Engineered Zinc Finger Proteins Immobilized on Paramagnetic Beads for Multiplexed Detection of Pathogenic DNA. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1323-1329. [PMID: 34261849 PMCID: PMC9705829 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2106.06057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Micro-scale magnetic beads are widely used for isolation of proteins, DNA, and cells, leading to the development of in vitro diagnostics. Efficient isolation of target biomolecules is one of the keys to developing a simple and rapid point-of-care diagnostic. A zinc finger protein (ZFP) is a double-stranded (ds) DNA-binding domain, providing a useful scaffold for direct reading of the sequence information. Here, we utilized two engineered ZFPs (Stx2-268 and SEB-435) to detect the Shiga toxin (stx2) gene and the staphylococcal enterotoxin B (seb) gene present in foodborne pathogens, Escherichia coli O157 and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Engineered ZFPs are immobilized on a paramagnetic bead as a detection platform to efficiently isolate the target dsDNA-ZFP bound complex. The small paramagnetic beads provide a high surface area to volume ratio, allowing more ZFPs to be immobilized on the beads, which leads to increased target DNA detection. The fluorescence signal was measured upon ZFP binding to fluorophore-labeled target dsDNA. In this study, our system provided a detection limit of ≤ 60 fmol and demonstrated high specificity with multiplexing capability, suggesting a potential for development into a simple and reliable diagnostic for detecting multiple pathogens without target amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoung Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Langley Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY 42101, USA,Corresponding author Phone: +1-270-745-4362 Fax: +1-270-745-5361 E-mail:
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