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Paul A, Aluru NR. Nanoscale electrohydrodynamic ion transport: Influences of channel geometry and polarization-induced surface charges. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:025105. [PMID: 38491612 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.025105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic ion transport has been studied in nanotubes, nanoslits, and nanopores to mimic the advanced functionalities of biological ion channels. However, probing how the intricate interplay between the electrical and mechanical interactions affects ion conduction in asymmetric nanoconduits presents further obstacles. Here, ion transport across a conical nanopore embedded in a polarizable membrane under an electric field and pressure is analyzed by numerically solving a continuum model based on the Poisson, Nernst-Planck, and Navier-Stokes equations. We report an anomalous ionic current depletion, of up to 75%, and an unexpected rise in current rectification when pressure is exerted along the external electric field. Membrane polarization is revealed as the prerequisite to obtain this previously undetected electrohydrodynamic coupling. The electric field induces large surface charges at the pore tip due to its conical shape, creating nonuniform electrical double layers (EDL) with a massive accumulation of electrolyte ions near the orifice. Once applied, the pressure distorts the quasiequilibrium distribution of the EDL ions to influence the nanopore conductivity. Our fundamental approach to inspect the effect of pressure on the channel EDL (and thus ionic conductance) in contrast to its effect on the current arising from the hydrodynamic streaming of ions further explains the pressure-sensitive ion transport in different nanochannels and physical regimes manifested in past experiments, including the hitherto inexplicit mechanism behind the mechanically activated ion transport in carbon nanotubes. This enhances our broad understanding of nanoscale electrohydrodynamic ion transport, yielding a platform to build nanofluidic devices and ionic circuits with more robust and tunable responses to electrical and mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghyadeep Paul
- Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - N R Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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2
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Ge Y, Cui M, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Xi D. Aerolysin nanopore-based identification of proteinogenic amino acids using a bipolar peptide probe. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:3883-3891. [PMID: 36133334 PMCID: PMC9470019 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00190j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore technology has attracted extensive attention due to its rapid, highly sensitive, and label-free performance. In this study, we aimed to identify proteinogenic amino acids using a wild-type aerolysin nanopore. Specifically, bipolar peptide probes were synthesised by linking four aspartic acid residues to the N-terminal and five arginine residues to the C-terminal of individual amino acids. With the help of the bipolar peptide carrier, 9 proteinogenic amino acids were reliably recognised based on current blockade and dwell time using an aerolysin nanopore. Furthermore, by changing the charge of the peptide probe, two of the five unrecognized amino acids above mentioned were identified. These findings promoted the application of aerolysin nanopores in proteinogenic amino acid recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Ge
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276005 P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Cui
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276005 P. R. China
| | - Qiuqi Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276005 P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Xi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Detection Technology for Tumor Markers, College of Life Science, Linyi University Linyi 276005 P. R. China
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3
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Rahman M, Islam KR, Islam MR, Islam MJ, Kaysir MR, Akter M, Rahman MA, Alam SMM. A Critical Review on the Sensing, Control, and Manipulation of Single Molecules on Optofluidic Devices. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:968. [PMID: 35744582 PMCID: PMC9229244 DOI: 10.3390/mi13060968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule techniques have shifted the paradigm of biological measurements from ensemble measurements to probing individual molecules and propelled a rapid revolution in related fields. Compared to ensemble measurements of biomolecules, single-molecule techniques provide a breadth of information with a high spatial and temporal resolution at the molecular level. Usually, optical and electrical methods are two commonly employed methods for probing single molecules, and some platforms even offer the integration of these two methods such as optofluidics. The recent spark in technological advancement and the tremendous leap in fabrication techniques, microfluidics, and integrated optofluidics are paving the way toward low cost, chip-scale, portable, and point-of-care diagnostic and single-molecule analysis tools. This review provides the fundamentals and overview of commonly employed single-molecule methods including optical methods, electrical methods, force-based methods, combinatorial integrated methods, etc. In most single-molecule experiments, the ability to manipulate and exercise precise control over individual molecules plays a vital role, which sometimes defines the capabilities and limits of the operation. This review discusses different manipulation techniques including sorting and trapping individual particles. An insight into the control of single molecules is provided that mainly discusses the recent development of electrical control over single molecules. Overall, this review is designed to provide the fundamentals and recent advancements in different single-molecule techniques and their applications, with a special focus on the detection, manipulation, and control of single molecules on chip-scale devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmudur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Kazi Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Rashedul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Jahirul Islam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna 9203, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Rejvi Kaysir
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Masuma Akter
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md. Arifur Rahman
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - S. M. Mahfuz Alam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering & Technology, Gazipur 1707, Bangladesh; (M.R.); (K.R.I.); (M.R.I.); (M.A.); (M.A.R.)
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4
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Identification of plasmon-driven nanoparticle-coalescence-dominated growth of gold nanoplates through nanopore sensing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1402. [PMID: 35301326 PMCID: PMC8931024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The fascinating phenomenon that plasmon excitation can convert isotropic silver nanospheres to anisotropic nanoprisms has already been developed into a general synthetic technique since the discovery in 2001. However, the mechanism governing the morphology conversion is described with different reaction processes. So far, the mechanism based on redox reactions dominated anisotropic growth by plasmon-produced hot carriers is widely accepted and developed. Here, we successfully achieved plasmon-driven high yield conversion of gold nanospheres into nanoplates with iodine as the inducer. To investigate the mechanism, nanopore sensing technology is established to statistically study the intermediate species at the single-nanoparticle level. Surprisingly, the morphology conversion is proved as a hot hole-controlled coalescence-dominated growth process. This work conclusively elucidates that a controllable plasmon-driven nanoparticle-coalescence mechanism could enable the production of well-defined anisotropic metal nanostructures and suggests that the nanopore sensing could be of general use for studying the growth process of nanomaterials.
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5
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Si W, Yang H, Wu G, Zhang Y, Sha J. Velocity control of protein translocation through a nanopore by tuning the fraction of benzenoid residues. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15352-15361. [PMID: 34498657 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr04492c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Protein sequencing is essential to unveil the mechanism of cellular processes that govern the function of living organisms, and which play a crucial role in the field of drug design and molecular diagnostics. Nanopores have been proved to be effective tools in single molecule sensing, but the fast translocation speed of a peptide through a nanopore is one of the major obstacles that hinders the development of nanopore-based protein sequencing. In this work, by using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) it is found that the peptide containing more hydrophobic residues permeates slower through a molybdenum disulfide nanopore, which originates from the strong interaction between the membrane surface and the hydrophobic residues. The binding affinity is remarkable especially for benzenoid residues as they contain a hydrophobic aromatic ring that is composed of relatively non-polar C-C and C-H bonds. By tuning the fraction of benzenoid residues of the peptide, the velocity of the protein translocation through the nanopore is well controlled. The peptide with all the hydrophobic residues being benzenoid residues is found to translocate through the nanopore almost ten times slower than the one without any benzenoid residues, which is beneficial for gathering adequate information for precise amino acid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Haojie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Jingjie Sha
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211100, China.
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Hsu C, Lin CY, Alizadeh A, Daiguji H, Hsu WL. Investigation of entrance effects on particle electrophoretic behavior near a nanopore for resistive pulse sensing. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2206-2214. [PMID: 34472124 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing using solid-state nanopores provides a unique platform for detecting the structure and concentration of molecules of different types of analytes in an electrolyte solution. The capture of an entity into a nanopore is subject not only to the electrostatic force but also the effect of electroosmotic flow originating from the charged nanopore surface. In this study, we theoretically analyze spherical particle electrophoretic behavior near the entrance of a charged nanopore. By investigating the effects of pore size, particle-pore distance, and salt concentration on particle velocity, we summarize dominant mechanisms governing particle behavior for a range of conditions. In the literature, the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation is often adopted to evaluate particle translocation by considering the zeta potential difference between the particle and nanopore surfaces. We point out that, due to the difference of the electric field inside and outside the nanopore and the influence from the existence of the particle itself, the zeta potential of the particle, however, needs to be at least 30% higher than that of the nanopore to allow the particle to enter into the nanopore when its velocity is close to zero. Accordingly, we summarize the effective salt concentrations that enable successful particle capture and detection for different pore sizes, offering direct guidance for nanopore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amer Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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He X, Wang P, Shi L, Zhou T, Wen L. Electrokinetic translocation of a deformable nanoparticle controlled by field effect in nanopores. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2197-2205. [PMID: 34409625 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Nanopores have become a popular single-molecule manipulation and detection technology. In this paper, we have constructed a continuum model of the nanopore; the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is used to describe the motion of particles and fluid. The mathematical model couples the stress-strain equation for the dynamics of a deformable particle, the Poisson equation for the electric field, the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow field, and the Nernst-Planck equations for ionic transport. Based on the model, the mechanism of field-effect regulation of particles passing through a nanopore is investigated. The results show that the transport of particles which is controlled by the field effect depends on the electroosmotic flow (EOF) generated by the gate electrode in the nanopore and the electrostatic interaction between the nanopore and particles. That also explains the asymmetry of particle transport velocity in the nanopore with a gate electrode. When the gate potential is negative, or the gate electrode length is small, the maximum deformation of the particles is increased. The field-effect regulation in the nanopore provides an active and compatible method for nanopore detection, and provides a convenient method for the active control of the particle deformation in the nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan He
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Pengcheng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liuyong Shi
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Teng Zhou
- Mechanical and Electrical Engineering College, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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8
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Electroosmotic Mixing of Non-Newtonian Fluid in a Microchannel with Obstacles and Zeta Potential Heterogeneity. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040431. [PMID: 33919798 PMCID: PMC8070777 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the electroosmotic micromixing of non-Newtonian fluid in a microchannel with wall-mounted obstacles and surface potential heterogeneity on the obstacle surface. In the numerical simulation, the full model consisting of the Navier–Stokes equations and the Poisson–Nernst–Plank equations are solved for the electroosmotic fluid field, ion transport, and electric field, and the power law model is used to characterize the rheological behavior of the aqueous solution. The mixing performance is investigated under different parameters, such as electric double layer thickness, flow behavior index, obstacle surface zeta potential, obstacle dimension. Due to the zeta potential heterogeneity at the obstacle surface, vortical flow is formed near the obstacle surface, which can significantly improve the mixing efficiency. The results show that, the mixing efficiency can be improved by increasing the obstacle surface zeta potential, the flow behavior index, the obstacle height, the EDL thickness.
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9
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Alizadeh A, Hsu WL, Wang M, Daiguji H. Electroosmotic flow: From microfluidics to nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:834-868. [PMID: 33382088 PMCID: PMC8247933 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroosmotic flow (EOF), a consequence of an imposed electric field onto an electrolyte solution in the tangential direction of a charged surface, has emerged as an important phenomenon in electrokinetic transport at the micro/nanoscale. Because of their ability to efficiently pump liquids in miniaturized systems without incorporating any mechanical parts, electroosmotic methods for fluid pumping have been adopted in versatile applications—from biotechnology to environmental science. To understand the electrokinetic pumping mechanism, it is crucial to identify the role of an ionically polarized layer, the so‐called electrical double layer (EDL), which forms in the vicinity of a charged solid–liquid interface, as well as the characteristic length scale of the conducting media. Therefore, in this tutorial review, we summarize the development of electrical double layer models from a historical point of view to elucidate the interplay and configuration of water molecules and ions in the vicinity of a solid–liquid interface. Moreover, we discuss the physicochemical phenomena owing to the interaction of electrical double layer when the characteristic length of the conducting media is decreased from the microscale to the nanoscale. Finally, we highlight the pioneering studies and the most recent works on electro osmotic flow devoted to both theoretical and experimental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Wang Z, Hsu WL, Tsuchiya S, Paul S, Alizadeh A, Daiguji H. Joule Heating Effects on Transport-Induced-Charge Phenomena in an Ultrathin Nanopore. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E1041. [PMID: 33256113 PMCID: PMC7761093 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transport-induced-charge (TIC) phenomena, in which the concentration imbalance between cations and anions occurs when more than two chemical potential gradients coexist within an ultrathin dimension, entail numerous nanofluidic systems. Evidence has indicated that the presence of TIC produces a nonlinear response of electroosmotic flow to the applied voltage, resulting in complex fluid behavior. In this study, we theoretically investigate thermal effects due to Joule heating on TIC phenomena in an ultrathin nanopore by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Our modeling results show that the rise of local temperature inside the nanopore significantly enhances TIC effects and thus has a significant influence on electroosmotic behavior. A local maximum of the solution conductivity occurs near the entrance of the nanopore at the high salt concentration end, resulting in a reversal of TIC across the nanopore. The Joule heating effects increase the reversal of TIC with the synergy of the negatively charged nanopore, and they also enhance the electroosmotic flow regardless of whether the nanopore is charged. These theoretical observations will improve our knowledge of nonclassical electrokinetic phenomena for flow control in nanopore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Z.W.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Z.W.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (A.A.)
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11
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Si W, Yu M, Wu G, Chen C, Sha J, Zhang Y, Chen Y. A Nanoparticle-DNA Assembled Nanorobot Powered by Charge-Tunable Quad-Nanopore System. ACS NANO 2020; 14:15349-15360. [PMID: 33151055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c05779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular machines hold keys to performing intrinsic functions in living cells so that the organisms can work properly, and unveiling the mechanism of functional molecule machines as well as elucidating the dynamic process of interaction with their surrounding environment is an attractive pharmaceutical target for human health. Due to the limitations of searching and exploring all possible motors in human bodies, designing and constructing functional nanorobots is vital for meeting the fast-rising demand of revealing life science and related diagnostics. Here, we theoretically designed a nanoparticle-DNA assembled nanorobot that can move along a solid-state membrane surface. The nanorobot is composed of a nanoparticle and four single-stranded DNAs. Our molecular dynamics simulations show that electroosmosis could be the main power driving the movement of a nanorobot. After the DNA strands were one-to-one captured by the nanopores in the membrane, by tuning the surface charge density of each nanopore, we have theoretically shown that the electroosmosis coupled with electrophoresis can be used to drive the movement of the nanorobot in desired directions along the graphene membrane surface. It is believed that the well-controlled nanorobot will lead to many exciting applications, such as cargo delivery, nanomanipulation, and so on, if it is implemented in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Si
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Gensheng Wu
- School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chang Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jingjie Sha
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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12
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Yao Y, Wen C, Pham NH, Zhang SL. On Induced Surface Charge in Solid-State Nanopores. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:8874-8882. [PMID: 32646217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state nanopores constitute a versatile platform for study of ion transport in nanoconfinement. The electrical double layer (EDL) plays a vital role in such nanoconfinements, but effects of induced surface charge on the EDL in the presence of an external transmembrane electric field are yet to be characterized. Here, the formation of induced charge on the nanopore sidewall surface and its effects, via modulation of the EDL and electroosmotic flow, on the ionic current are elucidated using a novel experimental setup with solid-state truncated-pyramidal nanopores. This study consists of three complementary approaches, i.e., an analytical model for induced surface charge, numerical simulation of induced surface charge, electroosmotic flow, and ionic current, and experimental validation with respect to the ionic current. The induced surface charge is generated by polarization in the dielectric membrane as a response to the applied electric field. This charge generation results in a nonuniform density of surface charge along the nanopore sidewall. It further causes ions in the electrolyte to redistribute, leading to a massive accumulation of single-polarity ions in the EDL and their counterions near the smaller opening of the nanopore. It also alters electrohydrodynamic properties in the nanopore, giving rise to the formation of electroosmotic vortexes in the vicinity of the smaller opening of the nanopore. Finally, the pattern of the electroosmotic flow can significantly influence the transport properties of the nanopore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Yao
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chenyu Wen
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ngan H Pham
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shi-Li Zhang
- Division of Solid-State Electronics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Brown W, Li Y, Yang R, Wang D, Kvetny M, Zheng H, Wang G. Deconvolution of electroosmotic flow in hysteresis ion transport through single asymmetric nanopipettes. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5950-5958. [PMID: 32832057 PMCID: PMC7409355 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc06386b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Unveiling the contributions of electroosmotic flow (EOF) in the electrokinetic transport through structurally-defined nanoscale pores and channels is challenging but fundamentally significant because of the broad relevance of charge transport in energy conversion, desalination and analyte mixing, micro and nano-fluidics, single entity analysis, capillary electrophoresis etc. This report establishes a universal method to diagnose and deconvolute EOF in the nanoscale transport processes through current-potential measurements and analysis without simulation. By solving Poisson, Nernst-Planck (PNP) with and without Navier-Stokes (NS) equations, the impacts of EOF on the time-dependent ion transport through asymmetric nanopores are unequivocally revealed. A sigmoidal shape in the I-V curves indicate the EOF impacts which further deviate from the well-known non-linear rectified transport features. Two conductance signatures, an absolute change in conductance and a 'normalized' one relative to ion migration, are proposed as EOF impact (factor). The EOF impacts can be directly elucidated from current-potential experimental results from the two analytical parameters without simulation. The EOF impact is found more significant in intermediate ionic strength, and potential and pore size dependent. The less-intuitive ionic strength and size dependence is explained by the combined effects of electrostatic screening and non-homogeneous charge distribution/transport at nanoscale interface. The time-dependent conductivity and optical imaging experiments using single nanopipettes validate the proposed method which is applicable to other channel type nanodevices and membranes. The generalizable approach eliminates the need of simulation/fitting of specific experiments and offers previously inaccessible insights into the nanoscale EOF impacts under various experimental conditions for the improvement of separation, energy conversions, high spatial and temporal control in single entity sensing/manipulation, and other related applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Brown
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Dengchao Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Maksim Kvetny
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
| | - Gangli Wang
- Department of Chemistry , Georgia State University , Atlanta , GA 30302 , USA .
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14
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Luo R, Xiao T, Li W, Liu Z, Wang Y. An ionic diode based on a spontaneously formed polypyrrole-modified graphene oxide membrane. RSC Adv 2020; 10:17079-17084. [PMID: 35521453 PMCID: PMC9053440 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01145b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Asymmetric membranes derived from the stacking of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets have attracted great attention for the fabrication of ionic diodes. Herein, we described an ionic diode based on a polypyrrole-modified GO membrane with a vertical asymmetry, which was achieved by a spontaneous oxidation polymerization of pyrrole monomers on one side of the GO membrane in vapor phase. This asymmetric modification resulted in an asymmetric geometry due to the occupation of the interlayer space of one side of the GO membrane by polypyrrole. Our ionic diode demonstrated an obvious ionic rectification behavior over a wide voltage range. A calculation based on Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations was used to theoretically investigate the role of asymmetric modification of polypyrrole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rifeng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Tianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Wenping Li
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Measurement-Manipulation and Physics (Ministry of Education), School of Physics, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University Beijing 100191 P. R. China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University Guangzhou 510006 P. R. China
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15
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Zinc ion driven ionic conduction through single asymmetric nanochannels functionalized with nanocomposites. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Electroosmotic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid in a Nanochannel Connecting Two Reservoirs. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10110747. [PMID: 31683717 PMCID: PMC6915621 DOI: 10.3390/mi10110747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
: Electroosmotic flow (EOF) of viscoelastic fluid with Linear Phan-Thien-Tanner (LPTT) constitutive model in a nanochannel connecting two reservoirs is numerically studied. For the first time, the influence of viscoelasticity on the EOF and the ionic conductance in the micro-nanofluidic interconnect system, with consideration of the electrical double layers (EDLs), is investigated. Regardless of the bulk salt concentration, significant enhancement of the flow rate is observed for viscoelastic fluid compared to the Newtonian fluid, due to the shear thinning effect. An increase in the ionic conductance of the nanochannel occurs for the viscoelastic fluid. The enhancement of the ionic conductance is significant under the overlapping EDLs condition.
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17
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Ding T, Chen AK, Lu Z. The applications of nanopores in studies of proteins. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2019; 64:1456-1467. [PMID: 36659703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2019.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanopores are a label-free platform with the ability to detect subtle changes in the activities of individual biomolecules under physiological conditions. Here, we comprehensively review the technological development of nanopores, focusing on their applications in studying the physicochemical properties and dynamic conformations of peptides, individual proteins, protein-protein complexes and protein-DNA complexes. This is followed by a brief discussion of the potential challenges that need to be overcome before the technology can be widely accepted by the scientific community. We believe that with continued refinement of the technology, significant understanding can be gained to help clarify the role of protein activities in the regulation of cellular physiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoli Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Antony K Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zuhong Lu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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18
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Hampson SM, Pollard M, Hauer P, Salway H, Christie SDR, Platt M. Additively Manufactured Flow-Resistive Pulse Sensors. Anal Chem 2019; 91:2947-2954. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Hampson
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus Pollard
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Hauer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Steven D. R. Christie
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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19
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Kumar S, Pattanayek SK. Force induced removal of an encapsulated semi-flexible polymer from single walled carbon nanotube. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Hsu WL, Hwang J, Daiguji H. Theory of Transport-Induced-Charge Electroosmotic Pumping toward Alternating Current Resistive Pulse Sensing. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2320-2326. [PMID: 30350951 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we study transport-induced-charge electroosmosis toward alternating current resistive pulse sensing for the next generation of biomedical applications. Transport-induced-charge electroosmosis, being a new class of electrokinetic phenomenon, occurs as a salt concentration gradient works in synergy with an electric field in ultrathin nanopores. Apart from the conventional electric double layer-governed electroosmotic flow in which the flow behavior is subject to the surface charge, it is found that the transport-induced-charge electroosmotic flow behaves independently of surface charge magnitude but can be linearly regulated by the bulk salt concentration bias. The reversal of the electric field simultaneously inverses the induced charge allowing the establishment of a unidirectional flow under the application of a periodic alternating current field. This unique phenomenon permits continuous water and nanoparticles pumping through a two-dimensional material nanopore in spite of the reversal of the electric field. Built upon this mechanism, we propose a theoretical prototype of alternating current resistive pulse sensing in a two-dimensional nanopore system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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21
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WANG HF, HUANG F, GU Z, HU ZL, YING YL, YAN BY, LONG YT. Real-time Event Recognition and Analysis System for Nanopore Study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(18)61090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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22
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Mei L, Zhang H, Meng H, Qian S. Electroosmotic Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid in a Nanoslit. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9040155. [PMID: 30424089 PMCID: PMC6187649 DOI: 10.3390/mi9040155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The electroosmotic flow (EOF) of viscoelastic fluid in a long nanoslit is numerically studied to investigate the rheological property effect of Linear Phan-Thien-Tanner (LPTT) fluid on the fully developed EOF. The non-linear Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations governing the electric potential and the ionic concentration distribution within the channel are adopted to take into account the effect of the electrical double layer (EDL), including the EDL overlap. When the EDL is not overlapped, the velocity profiles for both Newtonian and viscoelastic fluids are plug-like and increase sharply near the charged wall. The velocity profile resembles that of pressure-driven flow when the EDL is overlapped. Regardless of the EDL thickness, apparent increase of velocity is obtained for viscoelastic fluid of larger Weissenberg number compared to the Newtonian fluid, indicating the shear thinning behavior of the LPTT fluid. The effect of the Weissenberg number on the velocity distribution is less significant as the degree of EDL overlapping increases, due to the overall decrease of the shear rate. The increase (decrease) of polymer extensibility (viscosity ratio) also enhances the EOF of viscoelastic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanju Mei
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Hongxia Meng
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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23
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Zhu L, Gu D, Liu Q. Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing Based on Inner Surfaces Modification of Solid-State Nanopore. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:422. [PMID: 28637348 PMCID: PMC5478554 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There are many techniques for the detection of molecules. But detection of molecules through solid-state nanopore in a solution is one of the promising, high-throughput, and low-cost technology used these days. In the present investigation, a solid-state nanopore platform was fabricated for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is not only a label free product but also a significant participant in the redox reaction. We have successfully fabricated silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanopores with diameters of ~50 nm by using a focused Ga ion beam, the inner surface of the nanopore has been modified with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) by employing carbodiimide coupling chemistry. The immobilized HRP enzymes have ability to induce redox reactions in a single nanopore channel. Moreover, a real-time single aggregated ABTS•+ molecular translocation events were monitored and investigated. The designed solid-state nanopore biosensor is reversible and can be applied to detect H2O2 multiple times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Dejian Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, No. 2, Sipailou, Nanjing, 210096, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Ivica J, Williamson PTF, de Planque MRR. Salt Gradient Modulation of MicroRNA Translocation through a Biological Nanopore. Anal Chem 2017; 89:8822-8829. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josip Ivica
- Electronics
and Computer Science, ‡Centre for Biological Sciences, and §Institute for
Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Philip T. F. Williamson
- Electronics
and Computer Science, ‡Centre for Biological Sciences, and §Institute for
Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits R. R. de Planque
- Electronics
and Computer Science, ‡Centre for Biological Sciences, and §Institute for
Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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