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Kuroe M, Yamazaki T, Saito N, Shimizu Y, Ihara T, Numata M, Itoh N. Development of 3β,4α-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one standard solution for doping analyses. Drug Test Anal 2024. [PMID: 38605570 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Doping analyses are essential for sporting events because some athletes might use prohibited substances to win games. To obtain reliable results from doping analyses, it is important to use both reliable standard solutions and validated analytical methods at accredited laboratories. Among the focused compounds related to prohibited substances listed by the World Anti-Doping Agency, we developed a certified reference material (CRM) for 3β,4α-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (DHAS), a metabolite of formestane that is used to conceal prohibited anabolic steroids, in methanol solution (NMIJ CRM 6212-a). To develop a CRM traceable to the International System of Units (SI), we newly applied different analytical methods with an SI-traceable internal standard for quantitative NMR (qNMR) instead of mass balance approach because this CRM solution was required to develop rapidly using a limited amount of high-purity DHAS. One method was gravimetric blending using the purity of DHAS powder evaluated by both qNMR and a combination of qNMR and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the other was direct quantification of the DHAS mass fraction in the candidate solution CRM by both qNMR and qNMR/HPLC. Because the values obtained by gravimetric blending and direct quantification of the mass fraction were comparable, the arithmetic mean was applied to obtain the certified value. Considering homogeneity and stability according to ISO Guide 35: 2017, the certified values with expanded uncertainties (coverage factor k = 2, approximate 95% confidence interval) were (135.2 ± 9.5) μg/g for the mass fraction and (107.0 ± 7.5) μg/ml for the mass concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Kuroe
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taichi Yamazaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Naoki Saito
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Shimizu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Itoh
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Iwasaki D, Kanazawa M, Kawamoto F, Araho D, Murakami T, Nishizaki Y, Masumoto N, Sugimoto N. A new single-reference quantitative method using liquid chromatography with relative molar sensitivity based on 1H-qNMR for khellactone esters from Peucedanum japonicum root extract. Food Chem 2023; 427:136647. [PMID: 37379748 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Khellactone ester (KLE) quantification using the absolute calibration method is difficult owing to the unavailability of standard reagents that can guarantee purity. Herein, a new method was developed to quantify KLEs from Peucedanum japonicum root extracts using liquid chromatography (LC) without utilizing standards. This method used relative molar sensitivity (RMS) and 7-ethoxy-4-methylcoumarin as a single-reference (SR) compound instead of KLE standards. RMS is the sensitivity ratio of SR to analytes, determined using an offline combination of quantitative NMR and LC. LC was performed using a triacontylsilyl silica gel column of superficially porous particles with a ternary mobile phase. The range of the method was 2.60-509 µmol/L. The accuracy and precision were reasonable. This is the first study to apply the RMS method to both conventional LC and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography using the same mobile phase and column. This method may aid the quality assurance of foods containing KLEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daigo Iwasaki
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., 1089-8, Sagata, Shinnichi-Cho, Fukuyama-City, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan.
| | - Mai Kanazawa
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., 1089-8, Sagata, Shinnichi-Cho, Fukuyama-City, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan
| | - Fusako Kawamoto
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., 1089-8, Sagata, Shinnichi-Cho, Fukuyama-City, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan
| | - Daisuke Araho
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., 1089-8, Sagata, Shinnichi-Cho, Fukuyama-City, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Murakami
- Research Center, Maruzen Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd., 1089-8, Sagata, Shinnichi-Cho, Fukuyama-City, Hiroshima 729-3102, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nishizaki
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoko Masumoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-9501, Japan
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3
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Masumoto N, Ohno T, Suzuki T, Togawa T, Sugimoto N. Application of the relative molar sensitivity method using GC-FID to quantify safranal in saffron (Crocus sativus L.). J Nat Med 2023; 77:829-838. [PMID: 37450205 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01724-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Safranal is one flavor component of saffron, which is used as a spice, food additive, and crude drug. In ISO3632, safranal is defined as the compound that contributes to the quality of saffron, and many quantitative determination methods for safranal have been reported. However, safranal is volatile and degrades easily during storage, and an analytical standard with an exact known purity is not commercially available, making it difficult to quantify accurately the content of safranal in saffron. Here, we developed a method for quantifying safranal using relative molar sensitivity (RMS), called the RMS method, using a GC-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). We determined the RMS of safranal to 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)benzene-d4, a certified reference material commercially available, by a combination of quantitative NMR and chromatography. Using two GC-FID instruments made by different manufacturers to evaluate inter-instrument effect, the resultant RMS was 0.770, and the inter-instrument difference was 0.6%. The test solution, with a known safranal concentration, was measured by the RMS method, with an accuracy of 99.4-101%, repeatability of 0.81%, and reproducibility of 0.81-1.3%. Given the ease of degradation, high volatility, and uncertain purity of safranal reagents, the RMS method is a more accurate quantification approach compared to the calibration curve method and methods based on absorption spectrophotometry. Moreover, our findings revealed that the GC-FID makeup gas affected the RMS and quantitative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Masumoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Takumi Ohno
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Suzuki
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Tadayasu Togawa
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-Shi, Tokyo, 204-8588, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26, Tonomachi, Kawasaki-Ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
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4
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Westwood S, Lippa K, Shimuzu Y, Lalerle B, Saito T, Duewer D, Dai X, Davies S, Ricci M, Baldan A, Lang B, Sarge S, Wang H, Pratt K, Josephs R, Mariassy M, Pfeifer D, Warren J, Bremser W, Ellison S, Toman B, Nelson M, Huang T, Fajgelj A, Gören A, Mackay L, Wielgosz R. Methods for the SI-traceable value assignment of the purity of organic compounds (IUPAC Technical Report). PURE APPL CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2020-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The “purity” of an organic compound typically refers, in practice, to an assignment of the mass fraction content of the primary organic component present in the material. The “purity” value of an organic primary calibrator material is the ultimate source of metrological traceability of any quantitative measurement of the content of that compound in a given matrix. The primary calibrator may consist of a Certified Reference Material (CRM) whose purity has been assigned by the CRM producer or a laboratory may choose to value-assign a material to the extent necessary for their intended application by using appropriately valid methods. This report provides an overview of the approach, performance and applicability of the principal methods used to determine organic purity including mass balance, quantitative NMR, thermal methods and direct-assay techniques. A statistical section reviews best practice for combination of data, value assignment as the upper limit values corresponding to 100 % purity are approached and how to report and propagate the standard uncertainty associated with the assigned values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Westwood
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
| | - Katrice Lippa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | | | - Beatrice Lalerle
- Laboratoire Nationale de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE) , Paris , France
| | - Takeshi Saito
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ) , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - David Duewer
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Xinhua Dai
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Stephen Davies
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA) , North Ryde , NSW , Australia
| | | | - Annarita Baldan
- Nederlands Metrologisch Instituut (VSL) , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Brian Lang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Stefan Sarge
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) , Braunschweig , Germany
| | - Haifeng Wang
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Ken Pratt
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ralf Josephs
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
| | | | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Bremser
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -Prüfung (BAM) , Berlin , Germany
| | | | - Blaza Toman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Michael Nelson
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) , Gaithersburg , MD , USA
| | - Ting Huang
- National Institute of Metrology (China) (NIM) , Beijing , China
| | - Ales Fajgelj
- International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ahmet Gören
- Kimya Bölümü, Gebze Teknik Üniversitesi , Gebze , Turkey
| | - Lindsey Mackay
- National Measurement Institute Australia (NMIA) , North Ryde , NSW , Australia
| | - Robert Wielgosz
- Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) , Sèvres , France
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5
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Takahashi M, Morimoto K, Nishizaki Y, Masumoto N, Sugimoto N, Sato K, Inoue K. Study on the Synthesis of Methylated Reference and Their Application in the Quantity of Curcuminoids Using Single Reference Liquid Chromatography Based on Relative Molar Sensitivity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2022; 70:25-31. [PMID: 34980729 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the recommendation of the simple and versatility of methylated reference (MR) to improve applications in the single reference (SR)-LC based on relative molar sensitivity (RMS). Three curcuminoids (Curs) such as curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin in turmeric products were determined using authentic standards and methylated curcumin. In addition, high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) purification is necessary to separate Curs for indicating the RMS. For HSCCC separation, a biphasic solvent system was used to obtain these fractions, which were then subjected to 1H quantitative NMR to determine their contents in each test solution. Using these solutions, the RMS of Curs are calculated from slopes ratios of calibration curves (three ranges from 0-100 µmol/L, r2 > 0.998). The averaged RMS of Curs were 8.92 (relative standard deviation (RSD), 1.17%), 8.97 (2.18%), and 9.61 (0.77%), respectively. Cur concentrations in turmeric products can be determined using RMS, peak area, and MR content added in these samples. This proposed method, which is based on chemical methylation and the SR-LC assay has been successfully applied for the simple and reliable estimation of Curs in turmeric products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahashi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | - Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
| | | | | | | | | | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideshi Maki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University
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7
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Masumoto N, Nishizaki Y, Nakajima K, Sugimoto N, Sato K. [Determination of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Mustard and Horseradish Extracts by Single Reference GC and HPLC Based on Relative Molar Sensitivities]. Food Hygiene and Safety Science (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi) 2021; 62:73-78. [PMID: 34219099 DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.62.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The main component of the Mustard and Horseradish extracts, which are used as natural food additives in Japan, is allyl isothiocyanate (AITC). The determination of AITC using GC-FID is the official method employed in the quality control assessments for these products. In this method, a commercially available AITC reagent is used as a calibrant. However, 1H-quantitative NMR (qNMR) analysis revealed that the AITC reagents contain impurity. Therefore, we examined the GC-FID and HPLC-refractive index detector (LC-RID) method based on relative molar sensitivities (RMSs) to high-purity single reference (SR). The RMSs of AITC/SR under the GC-FID and LC-RID conditions were accurately determined using qNMR. The AITC in two types of food additives was quantified using qNMR, SR GC-FID, and SR LC-RID methods. Both SR GC-FID and SR LC-RID showed good agreement within 2% with the AITC content determined by direct qNMR.
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8
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Müller J, Bertsch T, Volke J, Schmid A, Klingbeil R, Metodiev Y, Karaca B, Kim SH, Lindner S, Schupp T, Kittel M, Poschet G, Akin I, Behnes M. Narrative review of metabolomics in cardiovascular disease. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2532-2550. [PMID: 34012599 PMCID: PMC8107570 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by disorders in the cardiac metabolism. Furthermore, comorbidities often associated with cardiovascular disease can alter systemic and myocardial metabolism contributing to worsening of cardiac performance and health status. Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides or troponins already support diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and are represented in international guidelines. However, as cardiovascular diseases affect various pathophysiological pathways, a single biomarker approach cannot be regarded as ideal to reveal optimal clinical application. Emerging metabolomics technology allows the measurement of hundreds of metabolites in biological fluids or biopsies and thus to characterize each patient by its own metabolic fingerprint, improving our understanding of complex diseases, significantly altering the management of cardiovascular diseases and possibly personalizing medicine. This review outlines current knowledge, perspectives as well as limitations of metabolomics for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, an ongoing research project tackling current inconsistencies as well as clinical applications of metabolomics will be discussed. Taken together, the application of metabolomics will enable us to gain more insights into pathophysiological interactions of metabolites and disease states as well as improving therapies of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Müller
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremburg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Justus Volke
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmid
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Klingbeil
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yulian Metodiev
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bican Karaca
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Schupp
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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9
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Masada S, Hosoe J, Arai R, Demizu Y, Hakamatsuka T, Goda Y, Uchiyama N. Miroestrol Quantification in Pueraria mirifica Crude Drugs and Products by Single-Reference UPLC/PDA/MS Using Relative Molar Sensitivities to Kwakhurin. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2021; 69:573-580. [PMID: 33790074 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c21-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Owing to occasional health damages caused by health food products derived from Pueraria mirifica (PM), the Japanese government has designated PM as an "ingredient calling for special attention." Miroestrol is a specific isoflavone isolated from PM and possesses very strong estrogenic activity enough to induce side effects in small amount. Therefore, routine analyses for miroestrol quantification is recommended to control the safety and quality of PM products. However, miroestrol content in PM is quite low, and commercial reagent for its detection is rarely available. In this study, we developed a quantitative analysis method for miroestrol in PM without using its analytical standard by using the relative molar sensitivity (RMS) of miroestrol to kwakhurin, another PM-specific isoflavone, as a reference standard. The RMS value was obtained by an offline combination of 1H-quantitative NMR spectroscopy and a LC/photo diode array (PDA) and miroestrol content was determined by single-reference LC/PDA using RMS. Furthermore, we investigated miroestrol content in commercially available PM crude drugs and products, and the RMS method was compared with the conventional calibration curve method in terms of performance. The rate of concordance of miroestrol contents determined by two method was 89-101%. The results revealed that our developed LC/PDA/MS method with RMS using kwakhurin as a reference standard was accurate for routine monitoring of miroestrol content in PM crude drugs and products to control their quality.
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10
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Ohtsuki T, Matsuoka K, Fuji Y, Nishizaki Y, Masumoto N, Sugimoto N, Sato K, Matsufuji H. Development of an HPLC method with relative molar sensitivity based on 1H-qNMR to determine acteoside and pedaliin in dried sesame leaf powders and processed foods. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243175. [PMID: 33270771 PMCID: PMC7714167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with relative molar sensitivity (RMS) based on 1H quantitative NMR spectroscopy (1H-qNMR) has been developed for food ingredients such as acteoside (verbascoside) and pedaliin (pedalitin-6-O-glucoside) without requiring authentic and identical standards as the reliable analytical methods. This method is used methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate (MHB) as an alternative reference standard. Each RMS is also calculated from the ratio of each analyte's molar absorption coefficient to that of MHB after correcting the purities of the analytes and reference standard by 1H-qNMR. Therefore, this method can quantify several analytes with metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI) using the RMS and one alternative reference standard. In this study, the content of acteoside and pedaliin in several samples, such as dried sesame leaf powders and commercially processed foods, can be determined by the proposed RMS method and demonstrated in good agreement that obtained by a conventional method. Moreover, the proposed method yields analytical data with SI-traceability without the need for an authentic and identical analyte standard. Thus, the proposed RMS method is a useful and practical tool for determining acteoside and pedaliin in terms of the accuracy of quantitative values, the routine analysis, and the cost of reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ohtsuki
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kiyoaki Matsuoka
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yushiro Fuji
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuzo Nishizaki
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoko Masumoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sato
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsufuji
- Department of Food Bioscience and Biotechnology, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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11
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Sun X, Zhang W, Huang T, He Y, Li H, Su P, Yang Y. Purity determination of pyributicarb by internal standard correction-high-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6983-6993. [PMID: 32754793 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
An internal standard correction-high-performance liquid chromatography-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (ISC-HPLC-qNMR) procedure was established as a reliable quantitative method for complex organic compounds with low purity in order to solve the risk of qNMR inaccuracy because of insufficient resolution of impurity peaks from the selected quantitative peak. This method collects a small quantity of target analyte from low-purity organics by LC. After drying and re-dissolving in deuterated solvent containing internal standard, the solution was analyzed by 1H NMR and HPLC. Another solution prepared by accurately weighing unpurified low-purity substance and internal standard was analyzed by HPLC. Based on the theoretical derivation derived from the Beer-Lambert law, using the ratio of the HPLC peak areas of two solutions as correction, the purity was then calculated without the same reference as target analyte. Compared to previous methods with similar selectivity and accuracy, it has advantages such as a less purified sample is required, time for lyophilization is reduced by half, and sample preparation is more controllable. The proposed method was verified by analysis of a suite of six commercially available, high-purity compounds, and the difference of results between it and direct qNMR was within 0.1%. The result of pyributicarb using ISC-HPLC-qNMR was 97.6% (U = 0.5%; k = 2), and the reference value was 97.61% (U = 0.22%; k = 2). The results demonstrate that the proposed method provides a new way for reference material producers to calibrate lower-purity organics and has the potential advantage of accurate quantification of lower-purity organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ting Huang
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Yajuan He
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, No.18, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100013, China
| | - Ping Su
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, No.15, Beisanhuan East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, China.
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12
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Masumoto N, Nishizaki Y, Maruyama T, Igarashi Y, Nakajima K, Yamazaki T, Kuroe M, Numata M, Ihara T, Sugimoto N, Sato K. Determination of perillaldehyde in perilla herbs using relative molar sensitivity to single-reference diphenyl sulfone. J Nat Med 2019; 73:566-576. [PMID: 31016636 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-019-01306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Perillaldehyde (PRL) is one of the essential oil components derived from perilla plants (Perilla frutescens Britton) and is a characteristic compound of the traditional medicine "perilla herb ()" listed in the The Japanese Pharmacopoeia, 17th edition (JP17). HPLC using an analytical standard of PRL has been used to quantitatively determine the PRL content in perilla herb. However, PRL reagents have been reported to decompose easily. In this study, we utilized an alternative quantitative method using on a single reference with relative molar sensitivity (RMS) based on the results of experiments performed in two laboratories. It was possible to calculate the exact RMS using an offline combination of 1H-quantitative NMR spectroscopy (1H-qNMR) and an HPLC/photodiode array (PDA) detector (or an HPLC/variable-wavelength detector [VWD]). Using the RMS of PRL to the single-reference compound diphenyl sulfone (DFS), which is an inexpensive and stable compound, the PRL content in the perilla herb could be determined using HPLC/PDA or HPLC/VWD without the need for the analytical standard of PRL. There was no significant difference between the PRL contents of perilla herb determined using the method employing the single-reference DFS with RMS and using the JP17 assay, the calibration curve of which was generated using the analytical standard of PRL with adjusted purity measured by 1H-qNMR. These results demonstrate that our proposed method using a single reference with RMS is suitable for quantitative assays of perilla herb and can be an alternative method for the current assay method defined in the JP17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Masumoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuzo Nishizaki
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maruyama
- Botanical Raw Materials Division, Botanical Raw Materials Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Igarashi
- Botanical Raw Materials Division, Botanical Raw Materials Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Nakajima
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Yamazaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miho Kuroe
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihide Ihara
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyoko Sato
- Division of Food Additives, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Nishizaki Y, Masumoto N, Nakajima K, Ishizuki K, Yamazaki T, Kuroe M, Numata M, Ihara T, Tada A, Sugimoto N, Sato K. Relative molar sensitivities of carnosol and carnosic acid with respect to diphenylamine allow accurate quantification of antioxidants in rosemary extract. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:203-211. [PMID: 30668225 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1556817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We have been developing a high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) employing relative molar sensitivities (RMSs) and adopted it to the accurate quantification of carnosol (CL) and carnosic acid (CA) which are the antioxidants in rosemary extract. The method requires no references of CL or CA and instead uses RMSs with respect to diphenylamine (DPA) whose certified reference material is available from a reagent manufacturer. The molar and response ratios of the analytes to the reference in an artificial mixture of them were determined using 1H-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-qNMR) and HPLC/PDA at a wavelength of 284 nm under isocratic condition, respectively, and then RMSs were calculated to be 0.111 for CL/DPA and 0.0809 for CA/DPA as averaged values in three HPLC-PDA instruments. The RMS values varied by up to 1.1% as relative standard deviation. To evaluate the performance of HPLC/PDA with the RMSs, the CL and CA contents in rosemary extracts were determined using DPA as a reference. The CL and CA contents were compared with those determined using calibration curves of CL and CA obtained by HPLC measurement of standard solutions prepared from their reagents whose absolute purities were determined using 1H-qNMR. The differences between the two methods for CL and CA were ≤3% as relative error. This chromatographic method with RMSs allows a simple and reliable quantification when reference of the analyte is unavailable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Nishizaki
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Naoko Masumoto
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Kaori Nakajima
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Kyoko Ishizuki
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Taichi Yamazaki
- b National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Miho Kuroe
- b National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- b National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Toshihide Ihara
- b National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Atsuko Tada
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
| | - Kyoko Sato
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki-ku , Japan
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14
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KUROE M, SAITO N, YAMAZAKI T, NISHIZAKI Y, SUGIMOTO N, NUMATA M, IHARA T. Characterization of a Heptaoxyethylene Dodecyl Ether Standard Solution by a Combination of 1H Quantitative NMR Spectroscopy and HPLC. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2018. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.67.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miho KUROE
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Naoki SAITO
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Taichi YAMAZAKI
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | | | | | - Masahiko NUMATA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
| | - Toshihide IHARA
- National Metrology Institute of Japan, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
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15
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Takahashi M, Nishizaki Y, Morimoto K, Sugimoto N, Sato K, Inoue K. Design of synthetic single reference standards for the simultaneous determination of sesamin, sesamolin, episesamin, and sesamol by HPLC using relative molar sensitivity. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahashi
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | | | - Koji Morimoto
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga Japan
| | | | - Kyoko Sato
- National Institute of Health Sciences; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Koichi Inoue
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Kusatsu Shiga Japan
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16
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Saito N, Kitamaki Y, Otsuka S, Yamanaka N, Nishizaki Y, Sugimoto N, Imura H, Ihara T. Extended internal standard method for quantitative 1H NMR assisted by chromatography (EIC) for analyte overlapping impurity on 1H NMR spectra. Talanta 2018; 184:484-490. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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17
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Single reference quantitative analysis of xanthomonasin A and B in Monascus yellow colorant using high-performance liquid chromatography with relative molar sensitivity based on high-speed countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1555:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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18
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Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Mixtures Using Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy and Adsorption by Powdered Activated Carbon and Biochar. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11040460. [PMID: 29561761 PMCID: PMC5951306 DOI: 10.3390/ma11040460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air and water sources is a key part of environmental chemistry research, since most PAHs are well known to be associated with negative health impacts on humans. This study explores an approach for analyzing PAH mixtures with advanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques including high-resolution one-dimensional (1D) NMR spectroscopy and diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY NMR). With this method, different kinds of PAHs can be detected and differentiated from a mixture with high resolution. The adsorption process of PAH mixtures by PAC and biochar was studied to understand the mechanism and assess the method.
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19
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Nishizaki Y, Sato-Masumoto N, Yokota A, Mikawa T, Nakashima K, Yamazaki T, Kuroe M, Numata M, Ihara T, Ito Y, Sugimoto N, Sato K. HPLC/PDA determination of carminic acid and 4-aminocarminic acid using relative molar sensitivities with respect to caffeine. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:838-847. [PMID: 29447580 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1440642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
To accurately determine carminic acid (CA) and its derivative 4-aminocarminic acid (4-ACA), a novel, high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector (HPLC/PDA) method using relative molar sensitivity (RMS) was developed. The method requires no analytical standards of CA and 4-ACA; instead it uses the RMS values with respect to caffeine (CAF), which is used as an internal standard. An off-line combination of 1H-quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-qNMR) and HPLC/PDA was able to precisely determine the RMSs of CA274nm/CAF274nm and 4-ACA274nm/CAF274nm. To confirm the performance of the HPLC/PDA method using RMSs, the CA and 4-ACA contents in test samples were tested using four different HPLC-PDA instruments and one HPLC-UV. The relative standard deviations of the results obtained from five chromatographs and two columns were less than 2.7% for CA274nm/CAF274nm and 1.1% for 4-ACA274nm/CAF274nm. The 1H-qNMR method was directly employed to analyse the CA and 4-ACA contents in test samples. The differences between the quantitative values obtained from both methods were less than 5% for CA and 3% for 4-ACA. These results demonstrate that the HPLC/PDA method using RMSs to CAF is a simple and reliable quantification method that does not require CA and 4-ACA certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzo Nishizaki
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Naoko Sato-Masumoto
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Aki Yokota
- b San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc ., Osaka , Japan
| | | | | | - Taichi Yamazaki
- c National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Miho Kuroe
- c National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Masahiko Numata
- c National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Toshihide Ihara
- c National Metrology Institute of Japan , National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology , Tsukuba , Japan
| | - Yusai Ito
- d Kyoritsu Women's University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Naoki Sugimoto
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki , Japan
| | - Kyoko Sato
- a Division of Food Additives , National Institute of Health Sciences , Kawasaki , Japan
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