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Radziejewska I. Tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens of MUC1 - Implication in cancer development. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116619. [PMID: 38643541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation of cancerous epithelial MUC1 protein is specifically altered in comparison to that which is presented by healthy cells. One of such changes is appearing tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) which are rare in normal tissues and are highly correlated with poor clinical outcomes and cancer progression. This review summarizes and describes the role of Tn, T antigens, their sialylated forms as well as fucosylated Lewis epitopes in different aspects of tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Finally, applications of MUC1 glycan epitopes as potential targets for therapeutic strategy of cancers are notified. One of the novelties of this review is presentation of TACAs as inherently connected with MUC1 mucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2, Białystok 15-222, Poland.
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2
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Troncoso MF, Elola MT, Blidner AG, Sarrias L, Espelt MV, Rabinovich GA. The universe of galectin-binding partners and their functions in health and disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105400. [PMID: 37898403 PMCID: PMC10696404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionarily conserved glycan-binding proteins, play key roles in diverse biological processes including tissue repair, adipogenesis, immune cell homeostasis, angiogenesis, and pathogen recognition. Dysregulation of galectins and their ligands has been observed in a wide range of pathologic conditions including cancer, autoimmune inflammation, infection, fibrosis, and metabolic disorders. Through protein-glycan or protein-protein interactions, these endogenous lectins can shape the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of these processes, suggesting their potential roles in disease monitoring and treatment. However, despite considerable progress, a full understanding of the biology and therapeutic potential of galectins has not been reached due to their diversity, multiplicity of cell targets, and receptor promiscuity. In this article, we discuss the multiple galectin-binding partners present in different cell types, focusing on their contributions to selected physiologic and pathologic settings. Understanding the molecular bases of galectin-ligand interactions, particularly their glycan-dependency, the biochemical nature of selected receptors, and underlying signaling events, might contribute to designing rational therapeutic strategies to control a broad range of pathologic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María F Troncoso
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María T Elola
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ada G Blidner
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Sarrias
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María V Espelt
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB) Prof Alejandro C. Paladini, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina, Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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3
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Radziejewska I. Galectin-3 and Epithelial MUC1 Mucin-Interactions Supporting Cancer Development. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2680. [PMID: 37345016 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell surface proteins is a very common feature of many cancers. One of the glycoproteins, which undergoes specific alterations in the glycosylation of tumor cells is epithelial MUC1 mucin, which is highly overexpressed in the malignant state. Such changes lead to the appearance of tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) on MUC1, which are rarely seen in healthy cells. One of these structures is the Thomsen-Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1-3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which is typical for about 90% of cancers. It was revealed that increased expression of the T antigen has a big impact on promoting cancer progression and metastasis, among others, due to the interaction of this antigen with the β-galactose binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3). In this review, we summarize current information about the interactions between the T antigen on MUC1 mucin and Gal-3, and their impact on cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Radziejewska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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4
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Kohout VR, Wardzala CL, Kramer JR. Synthesis and biomedical applications of mucin mimic materials. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114540. [PMID: 36228896 PMCID: PMC10066857 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mucin glycoproteins are the major component of mucus and coat epithelial cell surfaces forming the glycocalyx. The glycocalyx and mucus are involved in the transport of nutrients, drugs, gases, and pathogens toward the cell surface. Mucins are also involved in diverse diseases such as cystic fibrosis and cancer. Due to inherent heterogeneity in native mucin structure, many synthetic materials have been designed to probe mucin chemistry, biology, and physics. Such materials include various glycopolymers, low molecular weight glycopeptides, glycopolypeptides, polysaccharides, and polysaccharide-protein conjugates. This review highlights advances in the area of design and synthesis of mucin mimic materials, and their biomedical applications in glycan binding, epithelial models of infection, therapeutic delivery, vaccine formulation, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria R Kohout
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Casia L Wardzala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jessica R Kramer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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5
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Exploring the In situ pairing of human galectins toward synthetic O-mannosylated core M1 glycopeptides of α-dystroglycan. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17800. [PMID: 36274065 PMCID: PMC9588787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dystroglycan (DG), which constitutes a part of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, connects the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. The matriglycans presented by the extracellular α-DG serve as a contact point with extracellular matrix proteins (ECM) containing laminin G-like domains, providing cellular stability. However, it remains unknown whether core M1 (GlcNAcβ1-2Man) structures can serve as ligands among the various O-Mannosylated glycans. Therefore, based on the presence of N-acetylLactosamine (LacNAc) in this glycan following the core extension, the binding interactions with adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins were explored. To elucidate this process, the interaction between galectin (Gal)-1, -3, -4 and -9 with α-DG fragment 372TRGAIIQTPTLGPIQPTRV390 core M1-based glycopeptide library were profiled, using glycan microarray and nuclear magnetic resonance studies. The binding of galectins was revealed irrespective of its modular architecture, adding galectins to the list of possible binding partners of α-DG core M1 glycoconjugates by cis-binding (via peptide- and carbohydrate-protein interactions), which can be abrogated by α2,3-sialylation of the LacNAc units. The LacNAc-terminated α-DG glycopeptide interact simultaneously with both the S- and F-faces of Gal-1, thereby inducing oligomerization. Furthermore, Gal-1 can trans-bridge α-DG core M1 structures and laminins, which proposed a possible mechanism by which Gal-1 ameliorates muscular dystrophies; however, this proposal warrants further investigation.
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6
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Mondal UK, Barchi JJ. Isolipoic acid-linked gold nanoparticles bearing the thomsen friedenreich tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen: Stability and in vitro studies. Front Chem 2022; 10:1002146. [PMID: 36300019 PMCID: PMC9588967 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1002146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously prepared gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bearing the Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen disaccharide (TFag), a pan-carcinoma, Tumor-Associated Carbohydrate Antigen (TACA), as tools for various assays and biological applications. Conjugation to AuNPs typically involves the use of thiols due to the affinity of sulfur for the gold surface of the nanoparticle. While a use of a single thiol-containing ligand bound to the gold surface is standard practice, several studies have shown that ligands bearing multiple thiols can enhance the strength of the conjugation in a nearly linear fashion. (R)-(+)-α-Lipoic acid (LA), a naturally occurring disulfide-containing organic acid that is used as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions, has been used as a linker to conjugate various molecules to AuNPs through its branched di-thiol system to enhance nanoparticle stability. We sought to use a similar system to increase nanoparticle stability that was devoid of the chiral center in (R)-(+)-α-lipoic acid. Isolipoic acid, an isomer of LA, where the exocyclic pentanoic acid chain is shifted by one carbon on the dithiolane ring to produce an achiral acid, was thought to act similarly as LA without the risk of any contaminating (L)-(−) isomer. We synthesized AuNPs with ligands of both serine and threonine glycoamino acids bearing the TFag linked to isolipoic acid and examined their stability under various conditions. In addition, these particles were shown to bind to Galectin-3 and inhibit the interaction of Galectin-3 with a protein displaying copies of the TFag. These agents should prove useful in the design of potential antimetastatic therapeutics that would benefit from achiral linkers that are geometrically linear and achiral.
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7
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Multicomponent reaction derived small di- and tri-carbohydrate-based glycomimetics as tools for probing lectin specificity. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:587-597. [PMID: 36001188 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins, play important functions in all forms of life from bacteria and viruses to plants, animals, and humans, participating in cell-cell communication and pathogen binding. In an attempt to modify lectin functions, artificial lectin ligands were made usually as big dendrimeric or cluster multivalent glycomimetic structures. Here we synthesized a novel set of glycomimetic ligands through protection/deprotection multicomponent reactions (MCR) approach. Multivalent di-and tri-carbohydrate glycomimetics containing D-fructose, D-galactose, and D-allose moieties were prepared in 63-96% yield. MCR glycomimetics demonstrated different binding abilities for plant lectins Con A and UEA I, and human galectin-3. Information gained about the influence of molecule structure, multivalency and optical purity on the lectin binding ability can be used in lectin detection and sensitivity measurements to further facilitate understanding of carbohydrate recognition process.
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8
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Singh Y, Cudic P, Cudic M. Exploring Glycan Binding Specificity of Odorranalectin by Alanine Scanning Library. European J Org Chem 2022; 2022. [PMID: 36120398 PMCID: PMC9479679 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescently labelled alanine scan analogues of odorranalectin (OL), a cyclic peptide that exhibits lectin like properties, were screened for binding BSA-conjugated monosaccharides using an enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA). Results revealed that Lys5, Phe7, Tyr9, Gly12, Leu14, and Thr17 were crucial for binding BSA-L-fucose, BSA-D-galactose and BSA-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. Notably, Ala substitution of Ser3, Pro4, and Val13 resulted in higher binding affinities compared to the native OL. The obtained data also indicated that Arg8 plays an important role in differentiation of binding for BSA-L-fucose/D-galactose from BSA-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine. The thermodynamics of binding of the selected alanine analogues was evaluated by isothermal titration calorimetry. Low to moderate binding affinities were determined for the tetravalent MUC1 glycopeptide and asialofetuin, respectively, and high for the fucose rich polysaccharide, fucoidan. The thermodynamic profile of interactions with asialofetuin exhibits shift to an entropy-driven mechanism compared to the fucoidan, which displayed an enthalpyentropy compensation, typically associated with the carbohydratelectin recognition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- YashoNandini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca Raton Florida 33431 United States
| | - Predrag Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca Raton Florida 33431 United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida Atlantic University 777 Glades Road Boca Raton Florida 33431 United States
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9
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Wu SC, Ho AD, Kamili NA, Wang J, Murdock KL, Cummings RD, Arthur CM, Stowell SR. Full-Length Galectin-3 Is Required for High Affinity Microbial Interactions and Antimicrobial Activity. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:731026. [PMID: 34690972 PMCID: PMC8531552 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.731026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While adaptive immunity enables the recognition of a wide range of microbial antigens, immunological tolerance limits reactively toward self to reduce autoimmunity. Some bacteria decorate themselves with self-like antigens as a form of molecular mimicry to limit recognition by adaptive immunity. Recent studies suggest that galectin-4 (Gal-4) and galectin-8 (Gal-8) may provide a unique form of innate immunity against molecular mimicry by specifically targeting microbes that decorate themselves in self-like antigens. However, the binding specificity and antimicrobial activity of many human galectins remain incompletely explored. In this study, we defined the binding specificity of galectin-3 (Gal-3), the first galectin shown to engage microbial glycans. Gal-3 exhibited high binding toward mammalian blood group A, B, and αGal antigens in a glycan microarray format. In the absence of the N-terminal domain, the C-terminal domain of Gal-3 (Gal-3C) alone exhibited a similar overall binding pattern, but failed to display the same level of binding for glycans over a range of concentrations. Similar to the recognition of mammalian glycans, Gal-3 and Gal-3C also specifically engaged distinct microbial glycans isolated and printed in a microarray format, with Gal-3 exhibiting higher binding at lower concentrations toward microbial glycans than Gal-3C. Importantly, Gal-3 and Gal-3C interactions on the microbial microarray accurately predicted actual interactions toward intact microbes, with Gal-3 and Gal-3C displaying carbohydrate-dependent binding toward distinct strains of Providentia alcalifaciens and Klebsiella pneumoniae that express mammalian-like antigens, while failing to recognize similar strains that express unrelated antigens. While both Gal-3 and Gal-3C recognized specific strains of P. alcalifaciens and K. pneumoniae, only Gal-3 was able to exhibit antimicrobial activity even when evaluated at higher concentrations. These results demonstrate that while Gal-3 and Gal-3C specifically engage distinct mammalian and microbial glycans, Gal-3C alone does not possess antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Chuen Wu
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Alex D Ho
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nourine A Kamili
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jianmei Wang
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Kaleb L Murdock
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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10
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FitzGerald FG, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Garcia C, Rivero Y, Singh Y, Wang H, Fields GB, Cudic M. TF-containing MUC1 glycopeptides fail to entice Galectin-1 recognition of tumor-associated Thomsen-Freidenreich (TF) antigen (CD176) in solution. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:657-666. [PMID: 33001366 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant Mucin-1 (MUC1) glycosylation with the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) tumor-associated antigen (CD176) is a hallmark of epithelial carcinoma progression and poor patient prognosis. Recognition of TF by glycan-binding proteins, such as galectins, enables the pathological repercussions of this glycan presentation, yet the underlying binding specificities of different members of the galectin family is a matter of continual investigation. While Galectin-3 (Gal-3) recognition of TF has been well-documented at both the cellular and molecular level, Galectin-1 (Gal-1) recognition of TF has only truly been alluded to in cell-based platforms. Immunohistochemical analyses have purported Gal-1 binding to TF on MUC1 at the cell surface, however binding at the molecular level was inconclusive. We hypothesize that glycan scaffold (MUC1's tandem repeat peptide sequence) and/or multivalency play a role in the binding recognition of TF antigen by Gal-1. In this study we have developed a method for large-scale expression of Gal-1 and its histidine-tagged analog for use in binding studies by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and development of an analytical method based on AlphaScreen technology to screen for Gal-1 inhibitors. Surprisingly, neither glycan scaffold or multivalent presentation of TF antigen on the scaffold was able to entice Gal-1 recognition to the level of affinity expected for functional significance. Future evaluations of the Gal-1/TF binding interaction in order to draw connections between immunohistochemical data and analytical measurements are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest G FitzGerald
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Maria C Rodriguez Benavente
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 120 E Green St, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Camelia Garcia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Yaima Rivero
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - YashoNandini Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Hongjie Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, USA.,Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute/Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
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11
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Flowers SA, Thomsson KA, Ali L, Huang S, Mthembu Y, Regmi SC, Holgersson J, Schmidt TA, Rolfson O, Björkman LI, Sundqvist M, Karlsson-Bengtsson A, Jay GD, Eisler T, Krawetz R, Karlsson NG. Decrease of core 2 O-glycans on synovial lubricin in osteoarthritis reduces galectin-3 mediated crosslinking. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16023-16036. [PMID: 32928962 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial fluid glycoprotein lubricin (also known as proteoglycan 4) is a mucin-type O-linked glycosylated biological lubricant implicated to be involved in osteoarthritis (OA) development. Lubricin's ability to reduce friction is related to its glycosylation consisting of sialylated and unsialylated Tn-antigens and core 1 and core 2 structures. The glycans on lubricin have also been suggested to be involved in crosslinking and stabilization of the lubricating superficial layer of cartilage by mediating interaction between lubricin and galectin-3. However, with the spectrum of glycans being found on lubricin, the glycan candidates involved in this interaction were unknown. Here, we confirm that the core 2 O-linked glycans mediate this lubricin-galectin-3 interaction, shown by surface plasmon resonance data indicating that recombinant lubricin (rhPRG4) devoid of core 2 structures did not bind to recombinant galectin-3. Conversely, transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with the core 2 GlcNAc transferase acting on a mucin-type O-glycoprotein displayed increased galectin-3 binding. Both the level of galectin-3 and the galectin-3 interactions with synovial lubricin were found to be decreased in late-stage OA patients, coinciding with an increase in unsialylated core 1 O-glycans (T-antigens) and Tn-antigens. These data suggest a defect in crosslinking of surface-active molecules in OA and provide novel insights into OA molecular pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Flowers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristina A Thomsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Liaqat Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shan Huang
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yolanda Mthembu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Suresh C Regmi
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Holgersson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ola Rolfson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena I Björkman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Karlsson-Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gregory D Jay
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School and Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Thomas Eisler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Krawetz
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Niclas G Karlsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Hoffmann M, Hayes MR, Pietruszka J, Elling L. Synthesis of the Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen (TF-antigen) and binding of Galectin-3 to TF-antigen presenting neo-glycoproteins. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:457-470. [PMID: 32367478 PMCID: PMC7329766 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09926-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Thomsen-Friedenreich-antigen, Gal(β1-3)GalNAc(α1-O-Ser/Thr (TF-antigen), is presented on the surface of most human cancer cell types. Its interaction with galectin 1 and galectin 3 leads to tumor cell aggregation and promotes cancer metastasis and T-cell apoptosis in epithelial tissue. To further explore multivalent binding between the TF-antigen and galectin-3, the TF-antigen was enzymatically synthesized in high yields with GalNAc(α1-EG3-azide as the acceptor substrate by use of the glycosynthase BgaC/Glu233Gly. Subsequently, it was coupled to alkynyl-functionalized bovine serum albumin via a copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition. This procedure yielded neo-glycoproteins with tunable glycan multivalency for binding studies. Glycan densities between 2 and 53 glycan residues per protein molecule were obtained by regulated alkynyl-modification of the lysine residues of BSA. The number of coupled glycans was quantified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid assay. The binding efficiency of the neo-glycoproteins with human galectin-3 and the effect of multivalency was investigated and assessed using an enzyme-linked lectin assay. Immobilized neo-glycoproteins of all modification densities showed binding of Gal-3 with increasing glycan density. However, multivalent glycan presentation did not result in a higher binding affinity. In contrast, inhibition of Gal-3 binding to asialofetuin was effective. The relative inhibitory potency was increased by a factor of 142 for neo-glycoproteins displaying 10 glycans/protein in contrast to highly decorated inhibitors with only 2-fold increase. In summary, the functionality of BSA-based neo-glycoproteins presenting the TF-antigen as multivalent inhibitors for Gal-3 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Hoffmann
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc R. Hayes
- Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Pietruszka
- Institute for Bioorganic Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf at Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52426 Jülich, Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, IBG-1: Biotechnology, 52426 Jülich, Germany
| | - Lothar Elling
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Institute for Biotechnology and Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstraße. 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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13
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García Caballero G, Beckwith D, Shilova NV, Gabba A, Kutzner TJ, Ludwig AK, Manning JC, Kaltner H, Sinowatz F, Cudic M, Bovin NV, Murphy PV, Gabius HJ. Influence of protein (human galectin-3) design on aspects of lectin activity. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:135-153. [PMID: 32335744 PMCID: PMC7429544 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01859-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The concept of biomedical significance of the functional pairing between tissue lectins and their glycoconjugate counterreceptors has reached the mainstream of research on the flow of biological information. A major challenge now is to identify the principles of structure–activity relationships that underlie specificity of recognition and the ensuing post-binding processes. Toward this end, we focus on a distinct feature on the side of the lectin, i.e. its architecture to present the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Working with a multifunctional human lectin, i.e. galectin-3, as model, its CRD is used in protein engineering to build variants with different modular assembly. Hereby, it becomes possible to compare activity features of the natural design, i.e. CRD attached to an N-terminal tail, with those of homo- and heterodimers and the tail-free protein. Thermodynamics of binding disaccharides proved full activity of all proteins at very similar affinity. The following glycan array testing revealed maintained preferential contact formation with N-acetyllactosamine oligomers and histo-blood group ABH epitopes irrespective of variant design. The study of carbohydrate-inhibitable binding of the test panel disclosed up to qualitative cell-type-dependent differences in sections of fixed murine epididymis and especially jejunum. By probing topological aspects of binding, the susceptibility to inhibition by a tetravalent glycocluster was markedly different for the wild-type vs the homodimeric variant proteins. The results teach the salient lesson that protein design matters: the type of CRD presentation can have a profound bearing on whether basically suited oligosaccharides, which for example tested positively in an array, will become binding partners in situ. When lectin-glycoconjugate aggregates (lattices) are formed, their structural organization will depend on this parameter. Further testing (ga)lectin variants will thus be instrumental (i) to define the full range of impact of altering protein assembly and (ii) to explain why certain types of design have been favored during the course of evolution, besides opening biomedical perspectives for potential applications of the novel galectin forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel García Caballero
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Donella Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA
| | - Nadezhda V Shilova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named After Academician V.I. Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Adele Gabba
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tanja J Kutzner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Anna-Kristin Ludwig
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Herbert Kaltner
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institut für Anatomie, Histologie und Embryologie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Mare Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, 33431, USA.
| | - Nicolai V Bovin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Moscow, Russia, 117997.
- Centre for Kode Technology Innovation, School of Engineering, Computer & Mathematical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Paul V Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, München, Germany.
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14
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Cudic M, Fields GB. Modulation of receptor binding to collagen by glycosylated 5-hydroxylysine: Chemical biology approaches made feasible by Carpino's Fmoc group. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2020; 112. [PMID: 33073165 DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The creation of the 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) group by the Carpino laboratory facilitated the synthesis of peptides containing acid-sensitive groups, such as O-linked glycosides. To fully investigative collagen biochemistry, one needs to assemble peptides that possess glycosylated 5-hydroxylysine (Hyl). A convenient method for the synthesis of Fmoc-Hyl(ε-tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc),O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS)) and efficient methods for the synthesis of Fmoc-Hyl[ε-Boc,O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-galactopyranosyl)] have been developed. Glycosylated Fmoc-Hyl derivatives were used to construct a series of types I-IV collagen-model triple-helical peptides (THPs) that incorporated known or proposed receptor binding sites. Glycosylation of Hyl was found to strongly down-regulate the binding of CD44 and the α3β1 integrin to collagen, while the impact on α2β1 integrin binding was more modest. Molecular modeling of integrin binding indicated that Hyl glycosylation directly impacted the association between the α3β1 integrin metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) and the receptor binding site within type IV collagen. The Fmoc solid-phase strategy ultimately allowed for chemical biology approaches to be utilized to study tumor cell interactions with glycosylated collagen sequences and document the modulation of receptor interactions by Hyl posttranslational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maré Cudic
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 U.S.A
| | - Gregg B Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH) and the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 5353 Parkside Drive, Jupiter, FL 33458 U.S.A
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15
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Beckwith DM, Cudic M. Tumor-associated O-glycans of MUC1: Carriers of the glyco-code and targets for cancer vaccine design. Semin Immunol 2020; 47:101389. [PMID: 31926647 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transformation from normal to malignant phenotype in human cancers is associated with aberrant cell-surface glycosylation. It has frequently been reported that MUC1, the heavily glycosylated cell-surface mucin, is altered in both, expression and glycosylation pattern, in human carcinomas of the epithelium. The presence of incomplete or truncated glycan structures, often capped by sialic acid, commonly known as tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), play a key role in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Accumulating evidence suggests that expression of TACAs is associated with tumor escape from immune defenses. In this report, we will give an overview of the oncogenic functions of MUC1 that are exerted through TACA interactions with endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins). These interactions often lead to creation of a pro-tumor microenvironment, favoring tumor progression and metastasis, and tumor evasion. In addition, we will describe current efforts in the design of cancer vaccines with special emphasis on synthetic MUC1 glycopeptide vaccines. Analysis of the key factors that govern structure-based design of immunogenic MUC1 glycopeptide epitopes are described. The role of TACA type, position, and density on observed humoral and cellular immune responses is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donella M Beckwith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, United States.
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16
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Sindrewicz P, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, Lian LY, Yu LG. Interaction with the heparin-derived binding inhibitors destabilizes galectin-3 protein structure. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:336-341. [PMID: 31866013 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The β-galactoside-binding protein, galectin-3, is extensively involved in cancer development, progression and metastasis through multiple mechanisms. Inhibition of the galectin-3-mediated actions is increasingly considered as a promising therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. Our early studies have identified several novel galectin-3 binding inhibitors from chemical modification of the anticoagulant drug heparin. These heparin-derived galectin-3 binding inhibitors, which show no anticoagulant activity and bind to the galectin-3 canonical carbohydrate-binding site, induce galectin-3 conformational changes and inhibit galectin-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis in vitro and reduce metastasis in mice. In this study, we determined the binding affinities of these heparin-derived ligands to galectin-3 using an isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) ligand displacement approach. Such ITC experiments showed that the 2-de-O-sulphated, N-acetylated (compound E) and 6-de-O-sulphated, N-acetylated (F) heparin-derived ligands and their ultra-low molecular weight sub-fractions (E3 and F3) bind to galectin-3 with KD ranging from 0.96 to 1.32 mM.Differential scanning fluorimetry analysis revealed that, in contrast to the disaccharide ligand, N-acetyl-lactosamine, which binds to the fully folded form of galectin-3 and promotes galectin-3 thermal stability, the heparin-derived ligands preferentially bind to the unfolded state of galectin-3 and cause destabilization of the galectin-3 protein structure. These results provide molecular insights into the interaction of galectin-3 with the heparin-derived ligands and explain the previously demonstrated in vitro and in vivo effects of these binding inhibitors on galectin-3-mediated cancer cell behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sindrewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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17
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Singh Y, Rodriguez Benavente MC, Al-Huniti MH, Beckwith D, Ayyalasomayajula R, Patino E, Miranda WS, Wade A, Cudic M. Positional Scanning MUC1 Glycopeptide Library Reveals the Importance of PDTR Epitope Glycosylation for Lectin Binding. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1434-1445. [PMID: 31799848 PMCID: PMC7012140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the main barriers to explaining the functional significance of glycan-based changes in cancer is the natural epitope heterogeneity found on the surface of cancer cells. To help address this knowledge gap, we focused on designing synthetic tools to explore the role of tumor-associated glycans of MUC1 in the formation of metastasis via association with lectins. In this study, we have synthesized for the first time a MUC1-derived positional scanning synthetic glycopeptide combinatorial library (PS-SGCL) that vary in number and location of cancer-associated Tn antigen using the "tea bag" approach. The determination of the isokinetic ratios necessary for the equimolar incorporation of (glyco)amino acids mixtures to resin-bound amino acid was determined, along with developing an efficient protocol for on resin deprotection of O-acetyl groups. Enzyme-linked lectin assay was used to screen PS-SGCL against two plant lectins, Glycine max soybean agglutinin and Vicia villosa. The results revealed a carbohydrate density-dependent affinity trend and site-specific glycosylation requirements for high affinity binding to these lectins. Hence, PS-SGCLs provide a platform to systematically elucidate MUC1-lectin binding specificities, which in the long term may provide a rational design for novel inhibitors of MUC1-lectin interactions involved in tumor spread and glycopeptide-based cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- YashoNandini Singh
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Maria C Rodriguez Benavente
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Mohammed H Al-Huniti
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Donella Beckwith
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Ramya Ayyalasomayajula
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Eric Patino
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - William S Miranda
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Alex Wade
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
| | - Maré Cudic
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Charles E. Schmidt College of Science , Florida Atlantic University , 777 Glades Road , Boca Raton , Florida 33431 , United States
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18
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Sindrewicz P, Li X, Yates EA, Turnbull JE, Lian LY, Yu LG. Intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy reliably determines galectin-ligand interactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11851. [PMID: 31413267 PMCID: PMC6694196 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are involved in the regulation of divergent physiological and pathological processes and are increasingly recognized to play important roles in a number of diseases. However, a simple and effective way in assessing galectin-ligand interactions is lacking. Our examination of the sequence of all 12 human galectin members reveals the presence of one or more tryptophan residues in the carbohydrate-recognition domains of each galectin. This led us to investigate the possibility that alteration of the galectin intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence could be used in determining the strength of galectin-ligand interactions. One representative member from each of the three subtype galectins, galectin-2 (proto-), galectin-3 (chimera-) and galectin-4 (tandem repeat-type), was selected and analysed for galectin interaction with three ligands of different affinities: galactose, lactose and N-acetyl-lactosamine using tryptophan fluorescence spectroscopy (TFS) and, as a comparison, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Good agreement between TFS and ITC measurements were revealed in ligand bindings of all galectin members. Moreover, TFS detected very weak galectin binding where ITC could not reliably do so. The reliability of TFS in determining galectin-ligand interactions was further validated by analysis of galectin-3 interaction with a semisynthetic ligand, F3. Thus, TFS can be used as a simple, sensitive and reliable way to determine galectin-ligand interactions and also as a drug-discovery platform in developing galectin-targeted therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sindrewicz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Xiaoxin Li
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Edwin A Yates
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Jeremy E Turnbull
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK.
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19
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Huang X, Schmidt TA, Shortt C, Arora S, Asari A, Kirsch T, Cowman MK. A competitive alphascreen assay for detection of hyaluronan. Glycobiology 2018; 28:137-147. [PMID: 29300896 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for specific quantification of hyaluronan (HA) concentration using AlphaScreen® (Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay) technology is described. Two types of hydrogel-coated and chromophore-loaded latex nanobeads are employed. The proximity of the beads in solution is detected by excitation of the donor bead leading to the production of singlet oxygen, and chemiluminescence from the acceptor bead upon exposure to singlet oxygen. In the HA assay, the donor bead is modified with streptavidin, and binds biotin-labeled HA. The acceptor bead is modified with Ni(II), and is used to bind a specific recombinant HA-binding protein (such as HABP; aggrecan G1-IGD-G2) with a His-tag. Competitive inhibition of the HA-HABP interaction by free unlabeled HA in solution is used for quantification. The assay is specific for HA, and not dependent on HA molecular mass above the decasaccharide. HA can be quantified over a concentration range of approximately 30-1600 ng/mL using 2.5 μL of sample, for a detectable mass range of approximately 0.08-4 ng HA. This sensitivity of the AlphaScreen assay is greater than existing ELISA-like methods, due to the small volume requirements. HA can be detected in biological fluids using the AlphaScreen assay, after removal of bound proteins from HA and dilution or removal of other interfering proteins and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Tannin A Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Claire Shortt
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shivani Arora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Akira Asari
- Hyaluronan Research Institute, Inc. 2-5-8-1001, Nihonbashimuromachi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0022,Japan
| | - Thorsten Kirsch
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Mary K Cowman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 433 First Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA
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20
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Santarsia S, Grosso AS, Trovão F, Jiménez-Barbero J, Carvalho AL, Nativi C, Marcelo F. Molecular Recognition of a Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen Mimetic Targeting Human Galectin-3. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2030-2036. [PMID: 30094951 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen in cell membrane proteins occurs in 90 % of adenocarcinomas. Additionally, the binding of the TF antigen to human galectin-3 (Gal-3), also frequently overexpressed in malignancy, promotes cancer progression and metastasis. In this context, structures that interfere with this specific interaction have the potential to prevent cancer metastasis. A multidisciplinary approach combining the optimized synthesis of a TF antigen mimetic with NMR, X-ray crystallography methods, and isothermal titration calorimetry assays was used to unravel the molecular structural details that govern the Gal-3/TF mimetic interaction. The TF mimetic has a binding affinity for Gal-3 similar to that of the TF natural antigen and retains the binding epitope and bioactive conformation observed for the native antigen. Furthermore, from a thermodynamic perspective, a decrease in the enthalpic contribution was observed for the Gal-3/TF mimetic complex; however, this behavior is compensated by a favorable gain in entropy. From a structural perspective, these results establish our TF mimetic as a scaffold to design multivalent solutions to potentially interfere with Gal-3 aberrant interactions and for likely use in hampering Gal-3-mediated cancer cell adhesion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Santarsia
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Ana Sofia Grosso
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filipa Trovão
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC-bioGUNE Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48005, Bilbao, Spain.,Department of Organic Chemistry II, EHU-UPV, 48040, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ana Luísa Carvalho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Department of Chemistry Ugo Schiff, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia, 13-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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21
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Diniz A, Dias JS, Jiménez-Barbero J, Marcelo F, Cabrita EJ. Protein-Glycan Quinary Interactions in Crowding Environment Unveiled by NMR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2017. [PMID: 28649731 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Protein-glycan interactions as modulators for quinary structures in crowding environments were explored. The interaction between human galectin 3 (Gal-3) and distinct macromolecular crowders, such as bovine and human serum albumin (BSA and HSA), Ficoll 70 and PEG3350, was scrutinized. The molecular recognition event of the specific ligand, lactose, by Gal-3 in crowding conditions was evaluated. Gal-3 interactions were monitored by NMR analysing chemical shift perturbation (CSP) and line broadening of 1 H15 N-HSQC signals. The intensity of the Gal-3 1 H15 N-HSQC signals decreased in the presence of all crowders, due to the increase in the solution viscosity and to the formation of large protein complexes. When glycosylated containing samples of BSA and HSA were used, signal broadening was more severe than that observed in the presence of the more viscous solutions of PEG3350 and Ficoll 70. However, for the samples containing glycoproteins, the signal intensity of 1 H15 N-HSQC recovered upon addition of lactose. We show that serum proteins interact with Gal-3, through their α2,3-linked sialylgalactose moieties exposed at their surfaces, competing with lactose for the same binding site. The quinary interaction between Gal-3 and serum glycoproteins, could help to co-localize Gal-3 at the cell surface, and may play a role in adhesion and signalling functions of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge S Dias
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC-bioGUNE Bizkaia, 48160, Derio, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48005, Bilbao, Spain.,Departament Organic Chemistry II, EHU-UPV, 48040, Leioa, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Eurico J Cabrita
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade De Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:119-147. [PMID: 28012131 PMCID: PMC5306191 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins undergo co- and posttranslational modifications, and their glycosylation is the most frequent and structurally variegated type. Histochemically, the detection of glycan presence has first been performed by stains. The availability of carbohydrate-specific tools (lectins, monoclonal antibodies) has revolutionized glycophenotyping, allowing monitoring of distinct structures. The different types of protein glycosylation in Eukaryotes are described. Following this educational survey, examples where known biological function is related to the glycan structures carried by proteins are given. In particular, mucins and their glycosylation patterns are considered as instructive proof-of-principle case. The tissue and cellular location of glycoprotein biosynthesis and metabolism is reviewed, with attention to new findings in goblet cells. Finally, protein glycosylation in disease is documented, with selected examples, where aberrant glycan expression impacts on normal function to let disease pathology become manifest. The histological applications adopted in these studies are emphasized throughout the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Discovery of an enzyme and substrate selective inhibitor of ADAM10 using an exosite-binding glycosylated substrate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:11. [PMID: 28442704 PMCID: PMC5431342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-016-0013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ADAM10 and ADAM17 have been shown to contribute to the acquired drug resistance of HER2-positive breast cancer in response to trastuzumab. The majority of ADAM10 and ADAM17 inhibitor development has been focused on the discovery of compounds that bind the active site zinc, however, in recent years, there has been a shift from active site to secondary substrate binding site (exosite) inhibitor discovery in order to identify non-zinc-binding molecules. In the present work a glycosylated, exosite-binding substrate of ADAM10 and ADAM17 was utilized to screen 370,276 compounds from the MLPCN collection. As a result of this uHTS effort, a selective, time-dependent, non-zinc-binding inhibitor of ADAM10 with Ki = 883 nM was discovered. This compound exhibited low cell toxicity and was able to selectively inhibit shedding of known ADAM10 substrates in several cell-based models. We hypothesize that differential glycosylation of these cognate substrates is the source of selectivity of our novel inhibitor. The data indicate that this novel inhibitor can be used as an in vitro and, potentially, in vivo, probe of ADAM10 activity. Additionally, results of the present and prior studies strongly suggest that glycosylated substrate are applicable as screening agents for discovery of selective ADAM probes and therapeutics.
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Artigas G, Hinou H, Garcia-Martin F, Gabius HJ, Nishimura SI. Synthetic Mucin-Like Glycopeptides as Versatile Tools to Measure Effects of Glycan Structure/Density/Position on the Interaction with Adhesion/Growth-Regulatory Galectins in Arrays. Chem Asian J 2016; 12:159-167. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201601420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Artigas
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hinou
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd. N9W15, Chuo-ku; Sapporo 060-0009 Japan
| | - Fayna Garcia-Martin
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich; Veterinärstr. 13 80539 München Germany
| | - Shin-Ichiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science; Hokkaido University, N21W11, Kita-ku; Sapporo 001-0021 Japan
- Medicinal Chemistry Pharmaceuticals, Co., Ltd. N9W15, Chuo-ku; Sapporo 060-0009 Japan
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Antibodies elicited by the first non-viral prophylactic cancer vaccine show tumor-specificity and immunotherapeutic potential. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31740. [PMID: 27545199 PMCID: PMC4992835 DOI: 10.1038/srep31740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MUC1 is a shared tumor antigen expressed on >80% of human cancers. We completed the first prophylactic cancer vaccine clinical trial based on a non-viral antigen, MUC1, in healthy individuals at-risk for colon cancer. This trial provided a unique source of potentially effective and safe immunotherapeutic drugs, fully-human antibodies affinity-matured in a healthy host to a tumor antigen. We purified, cloned, and characterized 13 IgGs specific for several tumor-associated MUC1 epitopes with a wide range of binding affinities. These antibodies bind hypoglycosylated MUC1 on human cancer cell lines and tumor tissues but show no reactivity against fully-glycosylated MUC1 on normal cells and tissues. We found that several antibodies activate complement-mediated cytotoxicity and that T cells carrying chimeric antigen receptors with the antibody variable regions kill MUC1(+) target cells, express activation markers, and produce interferon gamma. Fully-human and tumor-specific, these antibodies are candidates for further testing and development as immunotherapeutic drugs.
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Functional Consequences of Differential O-glycosylation of MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 (Downstream Effects on Signaling). Biomolecules 2016; 6:biom6030034. [PMID: 27483328 PMCID: PMC5039420 DOI: 10.3390/biom6030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most abundant post-translational modifications that occur within the cell. Under normal physiological conditions, O-linked glycosylation of extracellular proteins is critical for both structure and function. During the progression of cancer, however, the expression of aberrant and truncated glycans is commonly observed. Mucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that contain numerous sites of O-glycosylation within their extracellular domains. Transmembrane mucins also play a functional role in monitoring the surrounding microenvironment and transducing these signals into the cell. In cancer, these mucins often take on an oncogenic role and promote a number of pro-tumorigenic effects, including pro-survival, migratory, and invasive behaviors. Within this review, we highlight both the processes involved in the expression of aberrant glycan structures on mucins, as well as the potential downstream impacts on cellular signaling.
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27
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Sindrewicz P, Lian LY, Yu LG. Interaction of the Oncofetal Thomsen-Friedenreich Antigen with Galectins in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:79. [PMID: 27066458 PMCID: PMC4814717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant glycosylation of cell membrane proteins is a universal feature of cancer cells. One of the most common glycosylation changes in epithelial cancer is the increased occurrence of the oncofetal Thomsen–Friedenreich disaccharide Galβ1–3GalNAc (T or TF antigen), which appears in about 90% of cancers but is rarely seen in normal epithelium. Over the past few years, increasing evidence has revealed that the increased appearance of TF antigen on cancer cell surface plays an active role in promoting cancer progression and metastasis by interaction with the β-galactoside-binding proteins, galectins, which themselves are also frequently overexpressed in cancer and pre-cancerous conditions. This review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanism of the increased TF occurrence in cancer, the structural nature, and biological impact of TF interaction with galectins, in particular galectin-1 and -3, on cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Sindrewicz
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Lu-Gang Yu
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
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28
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Kaltner H, Singh T, Manning JC, Raschta AS, André S, Sinowatz F, Gabius HJ. Network monitoring of adhesion/growth-regulatory galectins: localization of the five canonical chicken proteins in embryonic and maturing bone and cartilage and their introduction as histochemical tools. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:2051-70. [PMID: 26340709 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Divergence from an ancestral gene leads to a family of homologous proteins. Whether they are physiologically distinct, similar, or even redundant is an open question in each case. Defining profiles of tissue localization is a step toward giving diversity a functional meaning. Due to the significance of endogenous sugar receptors (lectins) as effectors for a wide range of cellular activities we have focused on galectins. The comparatively low level of network complexity constituted by only five canonical proteins makes chicken galectins (CGs) an attractive choice to perform comprehensive analysis, here studied on bone/cartilage as organ system. Galectin expression was monitored by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry using non-cross-reactive antibodies. Overall, three galectins (CG-1B, CG-3, CG-8) were present with individual expression patterns, one was found exclusively in the mesenchyme (CG-1A), the fifth (CG-2) not being detectable. The documented extents of separation are a sign for functional divergence; in cases with overlapping stainings, as for example in the osteoprogenitor layer or periosteum, cooperation may also be possible. Recombinant production enabled the introduction of the endogenous lectins as tools for binding-site localization. Their testing revealed developmental regulation and cell-type-specific staining. Of relevance for research on mammalian galectins, this study illustrates that certain cell types can express more than one galectin, letting functional interrelationships appear likely. Thus, complete network analysis irrespective of its degree of complexity is mandatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Kaltner
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Tanuja Singh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim C Manning
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne-Sarah Raschta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine André
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80539, Munich, Germany
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Ardá A, Bosco R, Sastre J, Cañada FJ, André S, Gabius HJ, Richichi B, Jiménez-Barbero J, Nativi C. Structural Insights into the Binding of Sugar Receptors (Lectins) to a Synthetic Tricyclic Tn Mimetic and Its Glycopeptide Version. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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