1
|
Birch D, Sayers EJ, Christensen MV, Jones AT, Franzyk H, Nielsen HM. Stereoisomer-Dependent Membrane Association and Capacity for Insulin Delivery Facilitated by Penetratin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1672. [PMID: 37376119 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), such as penetratin, are often investigated as drug delivery vectors and incorporating d-amino acids, rather than the natural l-forms, to enhance proteolytic stability could improve their delivery efficiency. The present study aimed to compare membrane association, cellular uptake, and delivery capacity for all-l and all-d enantiomers of penetratin (PEN) by using different cell models and cargos. The enantiomers displayed widely different distribution patterns in the examined cell models, and in Caco-2 cells, quenchable membrane binding was evident for d-PEN in addition to vesicular intracellular localization for both enantiomers. The uptake of insulin in Caco-2 cells was equally mediated by the two enantiomers, and while l-PEN did not increase the transepithelial permeation of any of the investigated cargo peptides, d-PEN increased the transepithelial delivery of vancomycin five-fold and approximately four-fold for insulin at an extracellular apical pH of 6.5. Overall, while d-PEN was associated with the plasma membrane to a larger extent and was superior in mediating the transepithelial delivery of hydrophilic peptide cargoes compared to l-PEN across Caco-2 epithelium, no enhanced delivery of the hydrophobic cyclosporin was observed, and intracellular insulin uptake was induced to a similar degree by the two enantiomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ditlev Birch
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Edward J Sayers
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Malene V Christensen
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- Cardiff School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Henrik Franzyk
- Cancer and Infectious Diseases, Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne M Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery (BioDelivery), Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Þorgeirsdóttir DÝ, Andersen JH, Perch-Nielsen M, Møller LH, Grønbæk-Thorsen F, Kolberg HG, Gammelgaard B, Kristensen M. Selenomethionine as alternative label to the fluorophore TAMRA when exploiting cell-penetrating peptides as blood-brain barrier shuttles to better mimic the physicochemical properties of the non-labelled peptides. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 183:106400. [PMID: 36750148 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) Tat and penetratin are frequently explored as shuttles for drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CPPs are often labelled with fluorophores for analytical purposes, with 5(6)-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) being a popular choice. However, TAMRA labelling affects the physicochemical properties of the resulting fluorophore-CPP construct when compared to the CPP alone. Selenomethionine (MSe) may be introduced as alternative label, which, due to its small size and amino acid nature, likely results in minimal alterations of the peptide physicochemical properties. With this study we compared, head-to-head, the effect of MSe and TAMRA labelling of Tat and penetratin with respect to their physicochemical properties, and investigated effects hereof on brain capillary endothelial cell (BCEC) models. TAMRA labelling positively affected the ability of the peptides to adhere to the cell membranes as well being internalized into the BCECs when compared to MSe labelling. TAMRA labelling of penetratin added toxicity to the BCECs to a higher extent than TAMRA labelling of Tat, whereas MSe labelling did not affect the cellular viability. Both TAMRA and MSe labelling of penetratin decreased the barrier integrity of BCEC monolayers, but not to an extent that improved transport of the paracellular marker 14C-mannitol. In conclusion, MSe labelling of Tat and penetratin adds minimal alterations to the physicochemical properties of these CPPs and their resulting effects on BCECs, and thereby represents a preferred alternative to TAMRA for peptide quantification purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Ýr Þorgeirsdóttir
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Hofman Andersen
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marcus Perch-Nielsen
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Laura Hyrup Møller
- Pharmaceutical Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Freja Grønbæk-Thorsen
- Pharmaceutical Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Hannah Grønbech Kolberg
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Bente Gammelgaard
- Pharmaceutical Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristensen
- CNS Drug Delivery and Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Serioli L, Gruzinskyte L, Zappalà G, Hwu ET, Laksafoss TZ, Jensen PL, Demarchi D, Müllertz A, Boisen A, Zór K. Moving perfusion culture and live-cell imaging from lab to disc: proof of concept toxicity assay with AI-based image analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1603-1612. [PMID: 36790123 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00984f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In vitro, cell-based assays are essential in diagnostics and drug development. There are ongoing efforts to establish new technologies that enable real-time detection of cell-drug interaction during culture under flow conditions. Our compact (10 × 10 × 8.5 cm) cell culture and microscope on disc (CMoD) platform aims to decrease the application barriers of existing lab-on-a-chip (LoC) approaches. For the first time in a centrifugal device, (i) cells were cultured for up to six days while a spindle motor facilitated culture medium perfusion, and (ii) an onboard microscope enabled live bright-field imaging of cells while the data wirelessly transmitted to a computer. The quantification of cells from the acquired images was done using artificial intelligence (AI) software. After optimization, the obtained cell viability data from the AI-based image analysis proved to correlate well with data collected from commonly used image analysis software. The CMoD was also suitable for conducting a proof-of-concept toxicity assay with HeLa cells under continuous flow. The half-maximal inhibitory time (IT50) for various concentrations of doxorubicin (DOX) in the case of HeLa cells in flow, was shown to be lower than the IT50 obtained from a static cytotoxicity assay, indicating a faster onset of cell death in flow. The CMoD proved to be easy to handle, enabled cell culture and monitoring without assistance, and is a promising tool for examining the dynamic processes of cells in real-time assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Serioli
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Lina Gruzinskyte
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Giulia Zappalà
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - En Te Hwu
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Trygvi Zachariassen Laksafoss
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | | | - Danilo Demarchi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Anja Boisen
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| | - Kinga Zór
- The Danish National Research Foundation and Villum Foundation's Center for Intelligent Drug Delivery and Sensing Using Microcontainers and Nanomechanics (IDUN), Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark.
- BioInnovation Institute Foundation, Copenhagen N 2800, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Panou DA, Diedrichsen RG, Kristensen M, Nielsen HM. Cell-Penetrating Peptides as Carriers for Transepithelial Drug Delivery. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2383:371-384. [PMID: 34766302 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1752-6_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes the use of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) as carriers for transepithelial delivery of therapeutic peptides. Assessment of transepithelial peptide permeation and the mechanisms of action that permeability enhancing drug carriers exert on the epithelium requires subtle sample preparation and analysis by orthogonal methods. Here, the preparation and use of CPP-insulin physical mixture samples including the quantification of insulin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is described. In addition, effects of CPPs on the epithelium and its barrier properties immediately upon exposure and after a recovery period are evaluated by epithelial cell viability, transepithelial electrical resistance, immunostaining of the tight junction associated zonula occludens (ZO-1) protein, and actin cytoskeleton staining.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danai Anastasia Panou
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ragna Guldsmed Diedrichsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mie Kristensen
- CNS Drug Delivery & Barrier Modelling, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Mørck Nielsen
- Center for Biopharmaceuticals and Biobarriers in Drug Delivery, Drug Delivery and Biophysics of Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Luther DC, Huang R, Jeon T, Zhang X, Lee YW, Nagaraj H, Rotello VM. Delivery of drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids using inorganic nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 156:188-213. [PMID: 32610061 PMCID: PMC8559718 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanoparticles provide multipurpose platforms for a broad range of delivery applications. Intrinsic nanoscopic properties provide access to unique magnetic and optical properties. Equally importantly, the structural and functional diversity of gold, silica, iron oxide, and lanthanide-based nanocarriers provide unrivalled control of nanostructural properties for effective transport of therapeutic cargos, overcoming biobarriers on the cellular and organismal level. Taken together, inorganic nanoparticles provide a key addition to the arsenal of delivery vectors for fighting disease and improving human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David C Luther
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Taewon Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Xianzhi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Harini Nagaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 N. Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| |
Collapse
|