1
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Sadiki A, Liu S, Vaidya SR, Kercher EM, Lang RT, McIsaac J, Spring BQ, Auclair JR, Zhou ZS. Site-Specific Conjugation of Native Antibody: Transglutaminase-Mediated Modification of a Conserved Glutamine While Maintaining the Primary Sequence and Core Fc Glycan via Trimming with an Endoglycosidase. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:465-471. [PMID: 38499390 PMCID: PMC11036358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
A versatile chemo-enzymatic tool to site-specifically modify native (nonengineered) antibodies is using transglutaminase (TGase, E.C. 2.3.2.13). With various amines as cosubstrates, this enzyme converts the unsubstituted side chain amide of glutamine (Gln or Q) in peptides and proteins into substituted amides (i.e., conjugates). A pleasant surprise is that only a single conserved glutamine (Gln295) in the Fc region of IgG is modified by microbial TGase (mTGase, EC 2.3.2.13), thereby providing a highly specific and generally applicable conjugation method. However, prior to the transamidation (access to the glutamine residue by mTGase), the steric hindrance from the nearby conserved N-glycan (Asn297 in IgG1) must be reduced. In previous approaches, amidase (PNGase F, EC 3.5.1.52) was used to completely remove the N-glycan. However, PNGase F also converts a net neutral asparagine (Asn297) to a negatively charged aspartic acid (Asp297). This charge alteration may markedly change the structure, function, and immunogenicity of an IgG antibody. In contrast, in our new method presented herein, the N-glycan is trimmed by an endoglycosidase (EndoS2, EC 3.2.1.96), hence retaining both the core N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety and the neutral asparaginyl amide. The trimmed glycan also reduces or abolishes Fc receptor-mediated functions, which results in better imaging agents by decreasing nonspecific binding to other cells (e.g., immune cells). Moreover, the remaining core glycan allows further derivatization such as glycan remodeling and dual conjugation. Practical and robust, our method generates conjugates in near quantitative yields, and both enzymes are commercially available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amissi Sadiki
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shanshan Liu
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Shefali R. Vaidya
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Eric M. Kercher
- Translational
Biophotonics Cluster, Department of Physics, Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Ryan T. Lang
- Translational
Biophotonics Cluster, Department of Physics, Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - James McIsaac
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Bryan Q. Spring
- Translational
Biophotonics Cluster, Department of Physics, Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jared R. Auclair
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Barnett Institute of Chemical and
Biological Analysis, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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2
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Tsuchikama K, Anami Y, Ha SYY, Yamazaki CM. Exploring the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:203-223. [PMID: 38191923 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-023-00850-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising cancer treatment modality that enables the selective delivery of highly cytotoxic payloads to tumours. However, realizing the full potential of this platform necessitates innovative molecular designs to tackle several clinical challenges such as drug resistance, tumour heterogeneity and treatment-related adverse effects. Several emerging ADC formats exist, including bispecific ADCs, conditionally active ADCs (also known as probody-drug conjugates), immune-stimulating ADCs, protein-degrader ADCs and dual-drug ADCs, and each offers unique capabilities for tackling these various challenges. For example, probody-drug conjugates can enhance tumour specificity, whereas bispecific ADCs and dual-drug ADCs can address resistance and heterogeneity with enhanced activity. The incorporation of immune-stimulating and protein-degrader ADCs, which have distinct mechanisms of action, into existing treatment strategies could enable multimodal cancer treatment. Despite the promising outlook, the importance of patient stratification and biomarker identification cannot be overstated for these emerging ADCs, as these factors are crucial to identify patients who are most likely to derive benefit. As we continue to deepen our understanding of tumour biology and refine ADC design, we will edge closer to developing truly effective and safe ADCs for patients with treatment-refractory cancers. In this Review, we highlight advances in each ADC component (the monoclonal antibody, payload, linker and conjugation chemistry) and provide more-detailed discussions on selected examples of emerging novel ADCs of each format, enabled by engineering of one or more of these components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Yasuaki Anami
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Summer Y Y Ha
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chisato M Yamazaki
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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3
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Muto H, Ishii N, Iwamoto M, Matsuo I. Rapid preparation of a glycan oxazoline and a homogeneously glycosylated antibody with an enzyme-immobilized monolithic column. Carbohydr Res 2024; 536:109024. [PMID: 38215662 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Chemo-enzymatic glycan engineering is considered to be one of the most promising strategies to enhance efficiency in pharmaceutical research. However, it is assumed that this technology has limited industrial application for the production of biological therapeutics because of the high cost of the process. In this study, we developed a scheme for rapidly preparing a glycan oxazoline and a homogeneously glycosylated antibody. The enzyme-immobilized monolith and the flow chemistry-based approach enabled a glycan oxazoline and a homogeneously glycosylated antibody to be obtained at the gram scale from starting materials (sialylglycopeptide and heterogeneously glycosylated protein) within 2.5 h. This cost-effective scheme for obtaining a large amount of glycan donors and homogeneously glycosylated proteins in a short time will be helpful to implement glycan engineering technology for industrial purposes such as pharmaceutical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Muto
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Ohra-gun, Gunma, 370-0503, Japan; Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishii
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Iwamoto
- Biologics Technology Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 2716-1 Kurakake, Akaiwa, Chiyoda-machi, Ohra-gun, Gunma, 370-0503, Japan
| | - Ichiro Matsuo
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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4
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Doi K, Mitani A, Nakakita SI, Higuchi Y, Takegawa K. Characterization of novel endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases from intestinal Barnesiella intestinihominis that hydrolyze multi-branched complex-type N-glycans. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:101-107. [PMID: 38142217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) are enzymes that hydrolyze N-linked glycans. Many ENGases have been characterized, but few have been identified with hydrolytic activity towards multi-branched complex-type N-glycans. In this study, three candidate ENGases were identified from Barnesiella intestinihominis based on database searches and phylogenetic analysis. A domain search identified the N x E motif in all three candidates, suggesting that they were members of glycosyl hydrolase family 85 (GH85). The three candidate ENGases, named Endo-BIN1, Endo-BIN2, and Endo-BIN3, were expressed in Escherichia coli cells, and their hydrolytic activity towards N-glycans and glycoproteins was measured by high performance liquid chromatography analysis and SDS-PAGE analysis. All ENGases showed hydrolytic activity towards glycoproteins, but only Endo-BIN2 and Endo-BIN3 showed hydrolytic activity towards pyridylaminated N-glycans. The optimum pH of Endo-BIN1, Endo-BIN2, and End-BIN3 was pH 6.5, 4.0, and 7.0, respectively. We measured substrate specificities of Endo-BIN2 and Endo-BIN3 towards pyridylaminated N-glycans, and found that the two Endo-BIN enzymes showed similar substrate specificity, preferring bi-antennary complex-type N-glycans with galactose or α2,6-linked sialic acid residues at the non-reducing ends. Endo-BIN2 and Endo-BIN3 were also able to hydrolyze multi-branched complex-type N-glycans. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that all Endo-BIN enzymes were capable of releasing complex-type N-glycans from glycoproteins such as rituximab, transferrin, and fetuin. We expect that B. intestinihominis possesses ENGases to facilitate the utilization of complex-type N-glycans from host cells. These findings will have applications in N-glycan remodeling of glycoproteins and the development of pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Doi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ai Mitani
- Fushimi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Marugame, Kagawa 763-8605, Japan
| | | | - Yujiro Higuchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takegawa
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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5
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Hiranyakorn M, Iwamoto S, Hoshinoo A, Tsumura R, Takashima H, Yasunaga M, Manabe S. Chromatographic Analysis of the N-Glycan Profile on Therapeutic Antibodies Using FcγRIIIa Affinity Column Chromatography. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16513-16518. [PMID: 37179638 PMCID: PMC10173337 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
N-Linked glycosylation on IgG has a profound impact on antibody functions. The relationship between the N-glycan structure and the binding affinity of FcγRIIIa, relating to antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity, is important for the efficient development of a therapeutic antibody. Here, we report an influence of the N-glycan structure of IgGs, Fc fragments, and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) on FcγRIIIa affinity column chromatography. We compared the retention time of several IgGs with heterogeneous and homogeneous N-glycans. IgGs with a heterogeneous N-glycan structure provided several peaks in column chromatography. On the other hand, homogeneous IgGs and ADCs gave a single peak in column chromatography. The length of glycan on IgG also affected the retention time of the FcγRIIIa column, suggesting that the length of glycan is also impacted by binding affinity to FcγRIIIa, resulting in ADCC activity. This analytic methodology provides evaluation of the binding affinity of FcγRIIIa and ADCC activity, not only full-length IgG but also Fc fragments, which are difficult to measure in a cell-based assay. Furthermore, we showed that the glycan-remodeling strategy controls the ADCC activity of IgGs, Fc fragment, and ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methanee Hiranyakorn
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Shogo Iwamoto
- Fushimi
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nakatsu, Marugame, Kagawa 763-8605 Japan
| | - Asako Hoshinoo
- Fushimi
Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Nakatsu, Marugame, Kagawa 763-8605 Japan
| | - Ryo Tsumura
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki Takashima
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasunaga
- Division
of Developmental Therapeutics, Exploratory
Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa City 277-8577, Japan
| | - Shino Manabe
- Laboratory
of Functional Molecule Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Department, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Institute
of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
- Research
Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- ; . Tel.: + 81-3-5498-5770. Fax: +81-3-5498-5837
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6
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Chon H, Kanamori S, Hibino K, Nagahara T, Suzuki T, Ohara K, Narumi H. ez-ADiCon: A novel glyco-remodeling based strategy that enables preparation of homogenous antibody-drug conjugates via one-step enzymatic transglycosylation with payload-preloaded bi-antennary glycan complexes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 80:129117. [PMID: 36584791 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.129117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The conserved N-linked glycan at the Fc domain of recombinant monoclonal antibodies is an attractive target for site-specific payload conjugation for preparation of homogenous antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Here, we report a novel ADC constructing strategy, named "ez-ADiCon", that is achieved by one-step enzymatic transglycosylation of a payload-preloaded bi-antennary glycan oxazoline onto a deglycosylated antibody. In this method, a mixture of different glycoforms of the Fc-glycan is replaced with a pre-defined payload-linked glycan. Since two payloads are linked on each donor glycan substrate, efficient conjugation results in a highly homogenous ADC with mostly-four drug molecules per antibody, facilitating hydrophobic interaction chromatography analysis and purification. We validated this conjugation strategy using Monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and an anti-Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-Her2) antibody as the model ADC components and demonstrated its target-specific in vitro cytotoxicity. Our novel conjugation strategy, ez-ADiCon, provides a new approach for the preparation of next generation ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyongi Chon
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kanamori
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hibino
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagahara
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Suzuki
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Ohara
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan
| | - Hideki Narumi
- MicroBiopharm Japan Co., Ltd, 156 Nakagawara, Kiyosu, Aichi 452-0915, Japan.
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7
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Tanaka T, Habuchi Y, Okuno R, Nishimura S, Tsuji S, Aso Y, Ohnuma T. The first report of enzymatic transglycosylation catalyzed by family GH84 N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase using a sugar oxazoline derivative as a glycosyl donor. Carbohydr Res 2023; 523:108740. [PMID: 36634517 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
O-Glycosylated N-acetyl-β-d-glucosamine-selective N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase), belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 84 (GH84), is known as a retaining glycosidase with the possibility of enzymatic transglycosylation. However, no enzymatic transglycosylation catalyzed by GH84 O-GlcNAcase has been reported. Here, enzymatic transglycosylation catalyzed by GH84 O-GlcNAcase was first reported. The enzymatic transglycosylation catalyzed by the GH84 O-GlcNAcase from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (BtGH84 O-GlcNAcase) was attained using 1,2-oxazoline derivative of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc oxazoline) as a glycosyl donor substrate. The β-linked N-acetyl-d-glucosamine (GlcNAc) derivative was enzymatically synthesized using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide as an acceptor substrate. Interestingly, the β1,6-linked disaccharide derivative of GlcNAc was also obtained in the case of using the GlcNAc derivative with a triazole-linked acrylamide group as an acceptor substrate. Additionally, a one-pot chemo-enzymatic transglycosylation starting from unprotected GlcNAc through GlcNAc oxazoline successfully showed through the combination with the direct synthesis of GlcNAc oxazoline in water and the enzymatic transglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonari Tanaka
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan.
| | - Yoshiaki Habuchi
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Rika Okuno
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Shota Nishimura
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan
| | - Sotaro Tsuji
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Aso
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8585, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ohnuma
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan; Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute (ATIRI), Kindai University, 3327-204, Nakamachi, Nara, 631-8505, Japan.
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8
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Yamazaki S, Matsuda Y. Tag‐Free Enzymatic Modification for Antibody−Drug Conjugate Production. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yutaka Matsuda
- Ajinomoto Bio-Pharma Services 11040 Roselle Street San Diego CA 92121 United States
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9
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Zhang X, Ou C, Liu H, Wang LX. Synthesis and Evaluation of Three Azide-Modified Disaccharide Oxazolines as Enzyme Substrates for Single-Step Fc Glycan-Mediated Antibody-Drug Conjugation. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:1179-1191. [PMID: 35543724 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.2c00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) hold great promise for targeted cancer cell killing. Site-specific antibody-drug conjugation is highly desirable for synthesizing homogeneous ADCs with optimal safety profiles and high efficacy. We have recently reported that azide-functionalized disaccharide oxazolines of the Manβ1,4GlcNAc core were an efficient substrate of wild-type endoglycosidase Endo-S2 for Fc glycan remodeling and conjugation. In this paper, we report the synthesis and evaluation of new disaccharide oxazolines as enzyme substrates for examining the scope of the site-specific conjugation. Thus, azide-functionalized disaccharide oxazolines derived from Manβ1,4GlcNAc, Glcβ1,4GlcNAc, and Galβ1,4GlcNAc (LacNAc) were synthesized. Enzymatic evaluation revealed that wild-type Endo-S2 demonstrated highly relaxed substrate specificity and could accommodate all the three types of disaccharide derivatives for transglycosylation to provide site-specific azide-tagged antibodies, which were readily clicked with a payload to generate homogeneous ADCs. Moreover, we also found that Endo-S2 was able to accommodate drug-preloaded minimal disaccharide oxazolines as donor substrates for efficient glycan transfer, enabling a single-step and site-specific antibody-drug conjugation without the need of an antibody click reaction. The ability of Endo-S2 to accommodate simpler and more easily synthesized disaccharide oxazoline derivatives for Fc glycan remodeling further expanded the scope of this bioconjugation method for constructing homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates in a single-step manner. Finally, cell-based assays indicated that the synthetic homogeneous ADCs demonstrated potent targeted cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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10
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Stadlmayr G, Stracke F, Stadlbauer K, Rybka J, Dickgiesser S, Rasche N, Becker S, Toleikis L, Rüker F, Knopp GW. Efficient spontaneous site-selective cysteine-mediated toxin attachment within a structural loop of antibodies. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2022; 1866:130155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2022.130155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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11
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Ou C, Prabhu SK, Zhang X, Zong G, Yang Q, Wang LX. Synthetic Antibody-Rhamnose Cluster Conjugates Show Potent Complement-Dependent Cell Killing by Recruiting Natural Antibodies. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200146. [PMID: 35106843 PMCID: PMC8930617 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are one of the most rapidly growing drug classes used for the treatment of cancer, infectious and autoimmune diseases. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) is one of the effector functions for antibodies to deplete target cells. We report here an efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of structurally well-defined conjugates of a monoclonal antibody with a rhamnose- and an αGal trisaccharide-cluster to recruit natural anti-rhamnose and anti-αGal antibodies, respectively, to enhance the CDC-dependent targeted cell killing. The synthesis was achieved by using a modular antibody Fc-glycan remodeling method that includes site-specific chemoenzymatic Fc-glycan functionalization and subsequent click conjugation of synthetic rhamnose- and αGal trisaccharide-cluster to provide the respective homogeneous antibody conjugates. Cell-based assays indicated that the antibody-rhamnose cluster conjugates could mediate potent CDC activity for targeted cancer cell killing and showed much more potent efficacy than the antibody-αGal trisaccharide cluster conjugates for CDC effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Sunaina Kiran Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, 8051 Regents Drive, College Park, Maryland, 20742, United States
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12
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Ou C, Li C, Zhang R, Yang Q, Zong G, Dai Y, Francis RL, Bournazos S, Ravetch JV, Wang LX. One-Pot Conversion of Free Sialoglycans to Functionalized Glycan Oxazolines and Efficient Synthesis of Homogeneous Antibody-Drug Conjugates through Site-Specific Chemoenzymatic Glycan Remodeling. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1888-1897. [PMID: 34351736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an important class of therapeutic agents that harness the highly specific antigen targeting property of antibodies to deliver toxic drugs for targeted cell killing. Site-specific conjugation methods are highly desirable for constructing homogeneous ADCs that possess a well-defined antibody-to-drug ratio, stability, ideal pharmacological profile, and optimal therapeutic index. We report here a facile synthesis of functionalized glycan oxazolines from free sialoglycans that are key donor substrates for enzymatic Fc glycan remodeling and the application of an efficient endoglycosidase mutant (Endo-S2 D184M) for site-specific glycan transfer to construct homogeneous ADCs. We found that by a sequential use of two coupling reagents under optimized conditions, free sialoglycans could be efficiently converted to selectively functionalized glycan oxazolines carrying azide-, cyclopropene-, and norbornene-tags, respectively, in excellent yield and in a simple one-pot manner. We further demonstrated that the recently reported Endo-S2 D184 M mutant was highly efficient for Fc glycan remodeling with the selectively modified glycan oxazolines to introduce tags into an antibody, which required a significantly smaller amount of glycan oxazolines and a much shorter reaction time than that of the Endo-S D233Q-catalyzed reaction, thus minimizing the side reactions. Finally homogeneous ADCs were constructed with three different click reactions. The resulting ADCs showed excellent serum stability, and in vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated that all the three ADCs generated from the distinct click reactions possessed potent and comparable cytotoxicity for targeted cancer cell killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Roushu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Guanghui Zong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yuanwei Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Rebecca L Francis
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Jeffrey V Ravetch
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Lai-Xi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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13
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Takashima S, Kurogochi M, Tsukimura W, Mori M, Osumi K, Sugawara SI, Amano J, Mizuno M, Takada Y, Matsuda A. Preparation and biological activities of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies with multi-branched complex-type N-glycans. Glycobiology 2021; 31:1401-1414. [PMID: 34192331 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) has a conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn297 in the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. Previous studies have shown that N-glycosylation of this site is a critical mediator of the antibody's effector functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. While the N-glycan structures attached to the IgG-Fc region are generally heterogenous, IgGs engineered to be homogenously glycosylated with functional N-glycans may improve the efficacy of antibodies. The major glycoforms of the N-glycans on the IgG-Fc region are bi-antennary complex-type N-glycans, while multi-branched complex-type N-glycans are not typically found. However, IgGs with tri-antennary complex-type N-glycans have been generated using the N-glycan remodeling technique, suggesting that more branched N-glycans might be artificially attached. At present, little is known about the properties of these IgGs. In this study, IgGs with multi-branched N-glycans on the Fc region were prepared by using a combination of the glycosynthase/oxazoline substrate-based N-glycan remodeling technique and successive reactions with glycosyltransferases. Among the IgGs produced by these methods, the largest N-glycan attached was a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) containing a sialylated penta-antennary structure. Concerning the Fc-mediated effector functions, the majority of IgGs with tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans on their Fc region showed properties similar to IgGs with ordinary bi-antennary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou Takashima
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masaki Kurogochi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Wataru Tsukimura
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Masako Mori
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Kenji Osumi
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Shu-Ichi Sugawara
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Junko Amano
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Mamoru Mizuno
- Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Yoshio Takada
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuda
- Laboratory of Glycobiology, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan.,Laboratory of Glyco-Organic Chemistry, The Noguchi Institute, Tokyo 173-0003, Japan
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14
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Boschanski M, Krüger T, Karsten L, Falck G, Alam S, Gerlach M, Müller B, Müller KM, Sewald N, Dierks T. Site-Specific Conjugation Strategy for Dual Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using Aerobic Formylglycine-Generating Enzymes. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1167-1174. [PMID: 34060308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple, site-specific protein conjugation is increasingly attractive for the generation of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). As it is important to control the number and position of cargoes in an ADC, position-selective generation of reactive sites in the protein of interest is required. Formylglycine (FGly) residues are generated by enzymatic conversion of cysteine residues embedded in a certain amino acid sequence motif with a formylglycine-generating enzyme (FGE). The addition of copper ions increases FGE activity leading to the conversion of cysteines within less readily accepted sequences. With this tuned enzyme activity, it is possible to address two different recognition sequences using two aerobic formylglycine-generating enzymes. We demonstrate an improved and facile strategy for the functionalization of a DARPin (designed ankyrin repeat protein) and the single-chain antibody scFv425-Fc, both directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The single-chain antibody was conjugated with monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE) and carboxyfluorescein (CF) and successfully tested for receptor binding, internalization, and cytotoxicity in cell culture, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mareile Boschanski
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Krüger
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Lennard Karsten
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Georg Falck
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Sarfaraz Alam
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcus Gerlach
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | - Kristian M Müller
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert Sewald
- Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Thomas Dierks
- Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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15
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Manabe S, Yamaguchi Y. Antibody Glycoengineering and Homogeneous Antibody‐Drug Conjugate Preparation. CHEM REC 2021; 21:3005-3014. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Laboratory of Functional Molecule Chemistry Hoshi University 2-4-41 Ebara Shinagawa Tokyo 142-8501 Japan
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tohoku University 6-3 Aoba Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan
| | - Yoshiki Yamaguchi
- Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University 4-4-1 Komatsushima Aobaku, Sendai Miyagi 981-8558 Japan
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16
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Shirakawa A, Manabe Y, Fukase K. Recent Advances in the Chemical Biology of N-Glycans. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26041040. [PMID: 33669465 PMCID: PMC7920464 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asparagine-linked N-glycans on proteins have diverse structures, and their functions vary according to their structures. In recent years, it has become possible to obtain high quantities of N-glycans via isolation and chemical/enzymatic/chemoenzymatic synthesis. This has allowed for progress in the elucidation of N-glycan functions at the molecular level. Interaction analyses with lectins by glycan arrays or nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) using various N-glycans have revealed the molecular basis for the recognition of complex structures of N-glycans. Preparation of proteins modified with homogeneous N-glycans revealed the influence of N-glycan modifications on protein functions. Furthermore, N-glycans have potential applications in drug development. This review discusses recent advances in the chemical biology of N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Shirakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan;
- Core for Medicine and Science Collaborative Research and Education, Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.M.); (K.F.); Tel.: +81-6-6850-5391 (Y.M.); +81-6-6850-5388 (K.F.)
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17
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Hajduk J, Brunner C, Malik S, Bangerter J, Schneider G, Thomann M, Reusch D, Zenobi R. Interaction analysis of glycoengineered antibodies with CD16a: a native mass spectrometry approach. MAbs 2021; 12:1736975. [PMID: 32167012 PMCID: PMC7153833 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1736975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Minor changes in the quality of biologically manufactured monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can affect their bioactivity and efficacy. One of the most important variations concerns the N-glycosylation pattern, which directly affects an anti-tumor mechanism called antibody-dependent cell-meditated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Thus, careful engineering of mAbs is expected to enhance both protein-receptor binding and ADCC. The specific aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of terminal carbohydrates within the Fc region on the interaction with the FcγRIIIa/CD16a receptor in native and label-free conditions. The single mAb molecule comprises variants with minimal and maximal galactosylation, as well as α2,3 and α2,6-sialic acid isomers. Here, we apply native electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine the solution-phase antibody-receptor equilibria and by using temperature-controlled nanoelectrospray, a thermal stability of the complex is examined. Based on these, we prove that the galactosylation of a fucosylated Fc region increases the binding to CD16a 1.5-fold when compared with the non-galactosylated variant. The α2,6-sialylation has no significant effect on the binding, whereas the α2,3-sialylation decreases it 1.72-fold. In line with expectation, the galactoslylated and α2,6-sialylated mAb:CD16a complex exhibit higher thermal stability when measured in the temperature gradient from 20 to 50°C. The similar binding pattern is observed based on surface plasmon resonance analysis and immunofluorescence staining using natural killer cells. The results of our study provide new insight into N-glycosylation-based interaction of the mAb:CD16a complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Hajduk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cyrill Brunner
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Malik
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jana Bangerter
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Thomann
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Penzberg, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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18
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Walsh SJ, Bargh JD, Dannheim FM, Hanby AR, Seki H, Counsell AJ, Ou X, Fowler E, Ashman N, Takada Y, Isidro-Llobet A, Parker JS, Carroll JS, Spring DR. Site-selective modification strategies in antibody-drug conjugates. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:1305-1353. [PMID: 33290462 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) harness the highly specific targeting capabilities of an antibody to deliver a cytotoxic payload to specific cell types. They have garnered widespread interest in drug discovery, particularly in oncology, as discrimination between healthy and malignant tissues or cells can be achieved. Nine ADCs have received approval from the US Food and Drug Administration and more than 80 others are currently undergoing clinical investigations for a range of solid tumours and haematological malignancies. Extensive research over the past decade has highlighted the critical nature of the linkage strategy adopted to attach the payload to the antibody. Whilst early generation ADCs were primarily synthesised as heterogeneous mixtures, these were found to have sub-optimal pharmacokinetics, stability, tolerability and/or efficacy. Efforts have now shifted towards generating homogeneous constructs with precise drug loading and predetermined, controlled sites of attachment. Homogeneous ADCs have repeatedly demonstrated superior overall pharmacological profiles compared to their heterogeneous counterparts. A wide range of methods have been developed in the pursuit of homogeneity, comprising chemical or enzymatic methods or a combination thereof to afford precise modification of specific amino acid or sugar residues. In this review, we discuss advances in chemical and enzymatic methods for site-specific antibody modification that result in the generation of homogeneous ADCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
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19
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Tanaka Y, Murata M, Shen CH, Furue M, Ito T. NECTIN4: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:976. [PMID: 33478111 PMCID: PMC7835875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most common lethal skin cancer and causes death in a short time when metastasized. Although BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have greatly improved the prognosis of BRAF-mutated melanoma, drug resistance is a major concern even when they are combined with MEK inhibitors. Alternative treatments for BRAFi-resistant melanoma are highly anticipated. Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4 (NECTIN4) is highly expressed and associated with progression in tumors. We aimed to investigate the role of NECTIN4 in melanoma and its potency as a therapeutic target using 126 melanoma samples and BRAFi-resistant cells. Immunohistochemically, most of the clinical samples expressed NECTIN4, at least in part. NECTIN4 was highly expressed in BRAF-mutated melanoma and its high expression was associated with disease-free survival. In BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells, NECTIN4 and the PI3K/Akt pathway were upregulated, along with the acquisition of BRAFi resistance. Monomethyl auristatin E, a cytotoxic part of NECTIN4-targeted antibody-drug conjugate, was effective for BRAF-mutated or BRAFi-resistant melanoma cells. NECTIN4 inhibition increased the sensitivity of BRAFi-resistant cells to BRAFi and induced apoptosis. In conclusion, we revealed the expression and roles of NECTIN4 in melanoma. Targeted therapies against NECTIN4 can be a novel treatment strategy for melanoma, even after the acquisition of BRAFi resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Male
- Melanoma/diagnosis
- Melanoma/drug therapy
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Prognosis
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- RNA, Small Interfering/therapeutic use
- Retrospective Studies
- Skin Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Young Adult
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
| | - Che-Hung Shen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 70456, Taiwan;
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (Y.T.); (M.M.); (M.F.)
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20
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Wang M, Wang Y, Liu K, Dou X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Ye XS. Engineering a bacterial sialyltransferase for di-sialylation of a therapeutic antibody. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:2886-2892. [PMID: 32236230 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Terminal α-2,6-sialylation of N-glycans is a humanized glycosylation that affects the properties and efficacy of therapeutic glycoproteins. Fc di-sialylation (a biantennary N-glycan with two α-2,6-linked sialic acids) of IgG antibodies imparts them with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and other roles. However, the microheterogeneity of N-glycoforms presents a challenge for therapeutic development. Therefore, controlled sialylation has drawn considerable attention, but direct access to well-defined di-sialylated antibodies remains limited. Herein, a one-pot three-enzyme protocol was developed by engineering a bacterial sialyltransferase to facilitate the modification of therapeutic antibodies with N-acetylneuraminic acid or its derivatives towards optimized glycosylation. To overcome the low proficiency of bacterial sialyltransferase in antibody remodeling, the Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 α-2,6-sialyltransferase (Psp2,6ST) was genetically engineered by terminal truncation and site-directed mutagenesis based on its protein crystal structure. With the optimized reaction conditions and using activity-based screening of various Psp2,6ST variants, a truncated mutant Psp2,6ST (111-511)-His6 A235M/A366G was shown to effectively improve the catalytic efficiency of antibody di-sialylation. Herceptin and the donor substrate promiscuity allow the introduction of bioorthogonal modifications of N-acetylneuraminic acid into antibodies for site-specific conjugation. 2-AB hydrophilic interaction chromatography analysis of the released N-glycans and intact mass characterization confirmed the high di-sialylation of Herceptin via the optimized one-pot three-enzyme reaction. This study established a versatile enzymatic approach for producing highly di-sialylated IgG antibodies. It provides new insights into engineering bacterial sialyltransferase for adaptation to the enzymatic glycoengineering of therapeutic antibodies and the glycosite-specific conjugation of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Kaimeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaodong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Zhenming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Liangren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xin-Shan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Xue Yuan Rd No. 38, Beijing 100191, China.
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21
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Manabe S, Yamaguchi Y, Matsumura Y. Contribution from Synthetic Organic Chemistry and Glycoscience to ADC Development: Homogeneous ADC Preparation and Development of Cancer Stromal Targeting Therapy. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shino Manabe
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hoshi Universtity
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Development Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
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22
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Yamada K, Okuzumi T. AJICAP™: Development of a Chemical Site-Specific Conjugation Technology for Antibody-Drug Conjugates. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamada
- Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry Group, Research Institute For Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO Co., Inc
| | - Tatsuya Okuzumi
- Bio-Functional Molecular Chemistry Group, Research Institute For Bioscience Products & Fine Chemicals, AJINOMOTO Co., Inc
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23
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Anami Y, Tsuchikama K. Next-generation Antibody-drug Conjugates (ADCs): Exploring New Frontiers with Chemical Approaches. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2020. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.78.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyoji Tsuchikama
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
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24
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Vivier D, Fung K, Rodriguez C, Adumeau P, Ulaner GA, Lewis JS, Sharma SK, Zeglis BM. The Influence of Glycans-Specific Bioconjugation on the FcγRI Binding and In vivo Performance of 89Zr-DFO-Pertuzumab. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:1746-1757. [PMID: 32042334 PMCID: PMC6993239 DOI: 10.7150/thno.39089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The overwhelming majority of radioimmunoconjugates are produced via random conjugation methods predicated on attaching bifunctional chelators to the lysines of antibodies. However, this approach inevitably produces poorly defined and heterogeneous immunoconjugates because antibodies have several lysines distributed throughout their structure. To circumvent this issue, we have previously developed a chemoenzymatic bioconjugation strategy that site-specifically appends cargoes to the biantennary heavy chain glycans attached to CH2 domains of the immunoglobulin's Fc region. In the study at hand, we explore the effects of this approach to site-specific bioconjugation on the Fc receptor binding and in vivo behavior of radioimmunoconjugates. Methods: We synthesized three desferrioxamine (DFO)-labeled immunoconjugates based on the HER2-targeting antibody pertuzumab: one using random bioconjugation methods (DFO-nsspertuzumab) and two using variants of our chemoenzymatic protocol (DFO-sspertuzumab-EndoS and DFO-sspertuzumab-βGal). Subsequently, we characterized these constructs and evaluated their ability to bind HER2, human FcγRI (huFcγRI), and mouse FcγRI (muFcγRI). After radiolabeling the immunoconjugates with zirconium-89, we conducted PET imaging and biodistribution studies in two different mouse models of HER2-expressing breast cancer. Results: MALDI-ToF and SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the site-specific nature of the bioconjugation, and flow cytometry and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) revealed that all three immunoconjugates bind HER2 as effectively as native pertuzumab. Critically, however, SPR experiments also illuminated that DFO-sspertuzumab-EndoS possesses an attenuated binding affinity for huFcγRI (17.4 ± 0.3 nM) compared to native pertuzumab (4.7 ± 0.2 nM), DFO-nsspertuzumab (4.1 ± 0.1 nM), and DFO-sspertuzumab-βGal (4.7 ± 0.2 nM). ImmunoPET and biodistribution experiments in athymic nude mice bearing HER2-expressing BT474 human breast cancer xenografts yielded no significant differences in the in vivo behavior of the radioimmunoconjugates. Yet experiments in tumor-bearing humanized NSG mice revealed that 89Zr-DFO-sspertuzumab-EndoS produces higher activity concentrations in the tumor (111.8 ± 39.9 %ID/g) and lower activity concentrations in the liver and spleen (4.7 ± 0.8 %ID/g and 13.1 ± 4.0 %ID/g, respectively) than its non-site-specifically labeled cousin, a phenomenon we believe stems from the altered binding of the former to huFcγRI. Conclusion: These data underscore that this approach to site-specific bioconjugation not only produces more homogeneous and well-defined radioimmunoconjugates than traditional methods but may also improve their in vivo performance in mouse models by reducing binding to FcγRI.
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