1
|
Lyra KM, Tournis I, Subrati M, Spyrou K, Papavasiliou A, Athanasekou C, Papageorgiou S, Sakellis E, Karakassides MA, Sideratou Z. Carbon Nanodisks Decorated with Guanidinylated Hyperbranched Polyethyleneimine Derivatives as Efficient Antibacterial Agents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:677. [PMID: 38668171 PMCID: PMC11054016 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Non-toxic carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials based on carbon nanodisks were synthesized and assessed as novel antibacterial agents. Specifically, acid-treated carbon nanodisks (oxCNDs), as a safe alternative material to graphene oxide, interacted through covalent and non-covalent bonding with guanidinylated hyperbranched polyethyleneimine derivatives (GPEI5K and GPEI25K), affording the oxCNDs@GPEI5K and oxCNDs@GPEI25K hybrids. Their physico-chemical characterization confirmed the successful and homogenous attachment of GPEIs on the surface of oxCNDs, which, due to the presence of guanidinium groups, offered them improved aqueous stability. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of oxCNDs@GPEIs was evaluated against Gram-negative E. coli and Gram-positive S. aureus bacteria. It was found that both hybrids exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity, with oxCNDs@GPEI5K being more active than oxCNDs@GPEI25K. Their MIC and MBC values were found to be much lower than those of oxCNDs, revealing that the GPEI attachment endowed the hybrids with enhanced antibacterial properties. These improved properties were attributed to the polycationic character of the oxCNDs@GPEIs, which enables effective interaction with the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane and cell walls, leading to cell envelope damage, and eventually cell lysis. Finally, oxCNDs@GPEIs showed minimal cytotoxicity on mammalian cells, indicating that these hybrid nanomaterials have great potential to be used as safe and efficient antibacterial agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki-Marina Lyra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Ioannis Tournis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Mohammed Subrati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Aggeliki Papavasiliou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Chrysoula Athanasekou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Sergios Papageorgiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
- Physics Department, Condensed Matter Physics Section, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografos, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Michael A. Karakassides
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (K.S.); (M.A.K.)
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch “Demokritos”, Aghia Paraskevi, 15310 Athens, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (I.T.); (M.S.); (A.P.); (C.A.); (S.P.); or (E.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rissanou A, Konstantinou A, Karatasos K. Morphology and Dynamics in Hydrated Graphene Oxide/Branched Poly(ethyleneimine) Nanocomposites: An In Silico Investigation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1865. [PMID: 37368295 DOI: 10.3390/nano13121865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO)-branched poly(ethyleneimine) (BPEI) hydrated mixtures were studied by means of fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations to assess the effects of the size of polymers and the composition on the morphology of the complexes, the energetics of the systems and the dynamics of water and ions within composites. The presence of cationic polymers of both generations hindered the formation of stacked GO conformations, leading to a disordered porous structure. The smaller polymer was found to be more efficient at separating the GO flakes due to its more efficient packing. The variation in the relative content of the polymeric and the GO moieties provided indications for the existence of an optimal composition in which interaction between the two components was more favorable, implying more stable structures. The large number of hydrogen-bonding donors afforded by the branched molecules resulted in a preferential association with water and hindered its access to the surface of the GO flakes, particularly in polymer-rich systems. The mapping of water translational dynamics revealed the existence of populations with distinctly different mobilities, depending upon the state of their association. The average rate of water transport was found to depend sensitively on the mobility of the freely to move molecules, which was varied strongly with composition. The rate of ionic transport was found to be very limited below a threshold in terms of polymer content. Both, water diffusivity and ionic transport were enhanced in the systems with the larger branched polymers, particularly with a lower polymer content, due to the higher availability of free volume for the respective moieties. The detail afforded in the present work provides a new insight for the fabrication of BPEI/GO composites with a controlled microstructure, enhanced stability and adjustable water transport and ionic mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anastassia Rissanou
- Theoretical & Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Apostolos Konstantinou
- Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kostas Karatasos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bottagisio M, Palombella S, Lopa S, Sangalli F, Savadori P, Biagiotti M, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D, Lovati AB. Vancomycin-nanofunctionalized peptide-enriched silk fibroin to prevent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis-induced femoral nonunions in rats. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1056912. [PMID: 36683682 PMCID: PMC9851397 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1056912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Implant-related infections and infected fractures are significant burdens in orthopedics. Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the main causes of bone infections related to biofilm formation upon implants. Current antibiotic prophylaxis/therapy is often inadequate to prevent biofilm formation and results in antibiotic resistance. The development of bioactive materials combining antimicrobial and osteoconductive properties offers great potential for the eradication of microorganisms and for the enhancement of bone deposition in the presence of infections. The purpose of this study is to prevent the development of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE)-infected nonunion in a rat model. Methods To this end, a recently developed in our laboratories bioactive material consisting of antibiotic-loaded nanoparticles based on carboxylic acid functionalized hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (CHAP) that are integrated into peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges with osteoconductive properties (AFN-PSF) was employed, whose biocompatibility and microbiological tests provided proof of its potential for the treatment of both orthopedic and dental infections. In particular, non-critical femoral fractures fixed with plates and screws were performed in Wistar rats, which were then randomly divided into three groups: 1) the sham control (no infection, no treatment); 2) the control group, infected with MRSE and treated with peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges incorporating non-drug-loaded functionalized nanoparticles (PSF); 3) the treated group, infected with MRSE and treated with peptide-enriched silk fibroin sponges incorporating vancomycin-loaded functionalized nanoparticles (AFN-PSF). After 8 weeks, bone healing and osteomyelitis were clinically assessed and evaluated by micro-CT, microbiological and histological analyses. Results The sham group showed no signs of infection and complete bone healing. The PSF group failed to repair the infected fracture, displaying 75% of altered bone healing and severe signs of osteomyelitis. The AFN-PSF treated group reached 70% of fracture healing in the absence of signs of osteomyelitis, such as abscesses in the cortical and intraosseous compartments and bone necrosis with sequestra. Discussion AFN-PSF sponges have proven effective in preventing the development of infected nonunion in vivo. The proposed nanotechnology for local administration of antibiotics can have a significant impact on patient health in the case of orthopedic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bottagisio
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Microbiology, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Palombella
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Lopa
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Sangalli
- IRCCS Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Laboratory of Renal Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Paolo Savadori
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Department of Endodontics, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Zili Sideratou
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Arianna B Lovati
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bao J, Tu H, Li J, Li Y, Yu S, Gao J, Lei K, Zhang F, Li J. Applications of phase change materials in smart drug delivery for cancer treatment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:991005. [PMID: 36172021 PMCID: PMC9510677 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.991005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase change materials (PCMs) are materials that are stimulated by the external enthalpy change (temperature) to realize solid-liquid and liquid-solid phase transformation. Due to temperature sensitivity, friendly modification, and low toxicity, PCMs have been widely used in smart drug delivery. More often than not, the drug was encapsulated in a solid PCMs matrix, a thermally responsive material. After the trigger implementation, PCMs change into a solid-liquid phase, and the loading drug is released accordingly. Therefore, PCMs can achieve precise release control with different temperature adjustments, which is especially important for small molecular drugs with severe side effects. The combination of drug therapy and hyperthermia through PCMs can achieve more accurate and effective treatment of tumor target areas. This study briefly summarizes the latest developments on PCMs as smart gate-keepers for anti-tumor applications in light of PCMs becoming a research hot spot in the nanomedicine sector in recent years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hui Tu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jing Li
- Office of Science & Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yijia Li
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Shan Yu
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jingpi Gao
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Kun Lei
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Fengshou Zhang
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fengshou Zhang, ; Jinghua Li,
| | - Jinghua Li
- School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- *Correspondence: Fengshou Zhang, ; Jinghua Li,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dey AD, Bigham A, Esmaeili Y, Ashrafizadeh M, Moghaddam FD, Tan SC, Yousefiasl S, Sharma S, Maleki A, Rabiee N, Kumar AP, Thakur VK, Orive G, Sharifi E, Kumar A, Makvandi P. Dendrimers as nanoscale vectors: Unlocking the bars of cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:396-419. [PMID: 35700939 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is the first choice in the treatment of cancer and is always preferred to other approaches such as radiation and surgery, but it has never met the need of patients for a safe and effective drug. Therefore, new advances in cancer treatment are now needed to reduce the side effects and burdens associated with chemotherapy for cancer patients. Targeted treatment using nanotechnology are now being actively explored as they could effectively deliver therapeutic agents to tumor cells without affecting normal cells. Dendrimers are promising nanocarriers with distinct physiochemical properties that have received considerable attention in cancer therapy studies, which is partly due to the numerous functional groups on their surface. In this review, we discuss the progress of different types of dendrimers as delivery systems in cancer therapy, focusing on the challenges, opportunities, and functionalities of the polymeric molecules. The paper also reviews the various role of dendrimers in their entry into cells via endocytosis, as well as the molecular and inflammatory pathways in cancer. In addition, various dendrimers-based drug delivery (e.g., pH-responsive, enzyme-responsive, redox-responsive, thermo-responsive, etc.) and lipid-, amino acid-, polymer- and nanoparticle-based modifications for gene delivery, as well as co-delivery of drugs and genes in cancer therapy with dendrimers, are presented. Finally, biosafety concerns and issues hindering the transition of dendrimers from research to the clinic are discussed to shed light on their clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asmita Deka Dey
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials-National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54-Mostra d'Oltremare pad. 20, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Yasaman Esmaeili
- Biosensor Research Center (BRC), School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 1477893855, Iran
| | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of Dentistry, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, 6517838736 Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saurav Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC), Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 45139-56184 Zanjan, Iran; Cancer Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 1989934148 Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, South Korea; School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Vijay Kumar Thakur
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK; School of Engineering, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology - UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples, 80125 Italy.
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials Interfaces, Pontedera, 56025 Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Essential Oil Ingredients Associated with Hyperbranched Polymer Drug Carriers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14091762. [PMID: 35566930 PMCID: PMC9105242 DOI: 10.3390/polym14091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Our work concerns the study of four candidate drug compounds of the terpenoid family, found as essential oil ingredients in species of the Greek endemic flora, namely carvacrol, p-cymene, γ-terpinene, and thymol, via the simulation method of molecular dynamics. Aquatic solutions of each compound, as well as a solution of all four together in realistic (experimental) proportions, are simulated at atmospheric pressure and 37 °C using an OPLS force field combined with TIP3P water. As verified, all four compounds exhibit a strong tendency to phase-separate, thereby calling for the use of carrier molecules as aids for the drug to circulate in the blood and enter the cells. Systems of two such carrier molecules, the hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) (HBPEI) polyelectrolyte and hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG), are examined in mixtures with carvacrol, the most abundant among the four compounds, at a range of concentrations, as well as with all four compounds present in natural proportions. Although a tendency of the terpenoids to cluster separately persists at high concentrations, promising association effects are observed for all drug–polymer ratios. HBPEI systems tend to form diffuse structures comprising small mixed clusters as well as freely floating polymer and essential oil molecules, a finding attributed to the polymer–polymer electrostatic repulsions, which here are only partially screened by the counterions. On the other hand, the electrically neutral HPG molecules cluster together with essential oil species to form a single nanodroplet. Currently, terpenoid–polymer clusters near lipid bilayer membranes are being studied to determine the propensity of the formed complexes to enter cell membranes.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanis I, Kostarellou E, Karatasos K. Molecular dynamics simulations of hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine)-graphene oxide nanocomposites as dye adsorbents for water purification. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:22874-22884. [PMID: 34668493 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp02461b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Atomistically detailed molecular dynamics simulations were employed to study the adsorption capacity of graphene-oxide-based (GO) aqueous systems for the methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of branched poly(ethylene imine) (BPEI) polymers. The polymeric component was either freely mixed or chemically attached to GO. The main focus was the elucidation of the effects originating from the presence of BPEI molecules in the association of MB with the formed GO complexes. The effect of temperature was also examined. It was found that the presence of the cationic BPEI molecules results in the formation of a distinct microenvironment characterized by a polymer-mediated interconnected morphology which promotes the development of larger-sized MB clusters. These clusters were found to form in the vicinity of the GO flakes, increasing thus the adsorption capacity of the dye molecules in the polymer-containing systems. Particularly in the system with the BPEI-functionalized GO flakes, a persistent percolated structure is formed, which results in a more restricted diffusion of the MB molecules, increasing thus significantly their residence time close to the GO surface. The clustering behavior of MB was found to be temperature-dependent in the BPEI-based models, providing useful information regarding the conditions for optimal adsorption performance of such membranes, in nanofiltration processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Tanis
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - E Kostarellou
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - K Karatasos
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pang B, Yu Y, Zhang W. Thermoresponsive Polymers Based on Tertiary Amine Moieties. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100504. [PMID: 34523742 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive polymers exhibiting unique reversible phase transition properties in aqueous solution in response to temperature stimuli have been extensively investigated. In the past two decades, thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties have achieved considerable progress and become an important family of thermoresponsive polymers, including tertiary amine functionalized poly((meth)acrylamide)s, poly((meth)acrylate)s, poly(styrene)s, poly(vinyl alcohol)s, and poly(ethylene oxide)s, which exhibit lower critical solution temperature and/or upper critical solution temperature in water or aliphatic alcohols. Their phase transition behavior can be modulated by the solution pH and CO2 due to the protonation of tertiary amine moieties in acidic condition and deprotonation in alkaline condition and the charged ammonium bicarbonate formed by the tertiary amine moieties and CO2 . The aim of this review is to summarize the recent progress in the thermoresponsive polymers based on tertiary amine moieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Pang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yuewen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Özcan E, Uslu A. Effect of the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Pendants on Physicochemical Properties: Applications Based on Cyclotriphosphazene Core. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elif Özcan
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Gebze 41400, Kocaeli Turkey
| | - Aylin Uslu
- Department of Chemistry Gebze Technical University Gebze 41400, Kocaeli Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lyra KM, Kaminari A, Panagiotaki KN, Spyrou K, Papageorgiou S, Sakellis E, Katsaros FK, Sideratou Z. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:858. [PMID: 34207727 PMCID: PMC8226981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery system with specificity against tumor cells was developed, based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with guanidinylated dendritic molecular transporters. Acid-treated MWCNTs (oxCNTs) interacted both electrostatically and through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals attraction forces with guanidinylated derivatives of 5000 and 25,000 Da molecular weight hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (GPEI5K and GPEI25K). Chemical characterization of these GPEI-functionalized oxCNTs revealed successful decoration with GPEIs all over the oxCNTs sidewalls, which, due to the presence of guanidinium groups, gave them aqueous compatibility and, thus, exceptional colloidal stability. These GPEI-functionalized CNTs were subsequently loaded with DOX for selective anticancer activity, yielding systems of high DOX loading, up to 99.5% encapsulation efficiency, while the DOX-loaded systems exhibited pH-triggered release and higher therapeutic efficacy compared to that of free DOX. Most importantly, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K-DOX system caused high and selective toxicity against cancer cells in a non-apoptotic, fast and catastrophic manner that cancer cells cannot recover from. Therefore, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K nanocarrier was found to be a potent and efficient nanoscale DOX delivery system, exhibiting high selectivity against cancerous cells, thus constituting a promising candidate for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki-Marina Lyra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Katerina N. Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Sergios Papageorgiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Fotios K. Katsaros
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khoee S, Jalaeian Bashirzadeh M. Preparation of Janus‐type superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles modified with functionalized
PCL
/
PHEMA
via photopolymerization for dual drug delivery. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khoee
- Polymer Laboratory, School of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparative study of enzyme-catalyzed biodegradation and crystallization behavior of PCL-PTEGMA amphiphilic hypergraft copolymers. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Kavand A, Anton N, Vandamme T, Serra CA, Chan-Seng D. Synthesis and functionalization of hyperbranched polymers for targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 321:285-311. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Lykogianni M, Papadopoulou EA, Sapalidis A, Tsiourvas D, Sideratou Z, Aliferis KA. Metabolomics reveals differential mechanisms of toxicity of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)-derived nanoparticles to the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 165:104535. [PMID: 32359556 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is a consensus on the urge for the discovery and assessment of alternative, improved sources of bioactivity that could be developed as plant protection products (PPPs), in order to combat issues that the agrochemical sector is facing. Based on the recent advances in nanotechnology, nanoparticles seem to have a great potential towards the development of the next generation nano-PPPs used as active ingredients (a.i.) per se or as nanocarriers in their formulation. Nonetheless, information on their mode(s)-of-action (MoA) and mechanisms of toxicity is yet largely unknown, representing a bottleneck in their further assessment and development. Therefore, we have undertaken the task to assess the fungitoxicity of hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (HPEI), quaternized hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (QPEI), and guanidinylated hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) (GPEI) nanoparticles to the soil-born plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae Kleb, and dissect their effects on its metabolism applying GC/EI/MS metabolomics. Results revealed that functionalization of HPEI nanoparticles with guanidinium end groups (GPEI) increases their toxicity to V. dahliae, while functionalization with quaternary ammonium end groups (QPEI) decreases it. The treatments with the nanoparticles affected the chemical homeostasis of the fungus, altering substantially its amino acid pool, energy production, and fatty acid content, causing additionally oxidative and osmotic stresses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the comparative toxicity of HPEI, QPEI, and GPEI to filamentous fungi applying metabolomics. The findings could be exploited in the study of the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of HPEI-derived nanoparticles and their further development as nano-PPPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maira Lykogianni
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Laboratory of Biological Control of Pesticides, Benaki Phytopathological Institute, 8 St. Delta str., 145 61, Kifissia, Attica, Greece
| | - Evgenia-Anna Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Sapalidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR Demokritos, Part. Gregoriou & Neapoleos 27, Agia Paraskevi 153 44, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos A Aliferis
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, Greece; Department of Plant Science, McGill University, Macdonald Campus, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Soto-Figueroa C, Galicia-García T, Rodríguez-Hidalgo MDR, Vicente L. Theoretical study of thermoresponsive dendritic polymeric micelles: Micellar phase control and the extraction of organic molecules by temperature effects. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
16
|
Yuba E. Development of functional liposomes by modification of stimuli-responsive materials and their biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1093-1107. [PMID: 31960007 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02470k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a promising nanocarrier for drug delivery because of their biocompatibility and the encapsulation capacity of drugs. Liposomes can be functionalized easily by introduction of functional materials such as stimulus-responsive materials. Temperature-responsive liposomes and pH-responsive liposomes are representative stimulus-responsive liposomes that can deliver drugs to locally heated target tissues and intracellular organelles. Here, temperature-responsive liposomes for the selective release of cargo and pH-responsive liposomes for the induction of antigen-specific immunity are overviewed. Temperature-responsive polymer-modified liposomes immediately released drugs in response to heating, which achieved selective drug release at a tumour after topical heating of tumour-bearing mice. Introduction of MR-detectable molecules enabled the tracing of liposome accumulation into target sites to optimize the heating timing. These liposomes can also be combined with magnetic nanoparticles or carbon nanomaterials to attain magnetic field-responsive, electric field-responsive and light-responsive properties to support on-demand drug release or control of biological reactions using these external stimuli. pH-Responsive liposomes were produced by modification of poly(carboxylic acid) derivatives or by pH-responsive amphiphiles. These liposomes delivered antigenic proteins into the cytosol of antigen presenting cells, which induced cross-presentation and antigen-specific cellular immunity. Adjuvant molecules or bioactive polysaccharide-based pH-responsive polymers improved their immunity-inducing effect further, leading to tumour regression in tumour-bearing mice. Precise design and control of the structures of stimulus-responsive materials and combination with functional materials are expected to create novel methodologies to control biological functions and to produce highly potent liposomal drugs that can achieve selective release of bioactive molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pereira Gomes I, Aparecida Duarte J, Chaves Maia AL, Rubello D, Townsend DM, Branco de Barros AL, Leite EA. Thermosensitive Nanosystems Associated with Hyperthermia for Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:E171. [PMID: 31775273 PMCID: PMC6958340 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional chemotherapy regimens have limitations due to serious adverse effects. Targeted drug delivery systems to reduce systemic toxicity are a powerful drug development platform. Encapsulation of antitumor drug(s) in thermosensitive nanocarriers is an emerging approach with a promise to improve uptake and increase therapeutic efficacy, as they can be activated by hyperthermia selectively at the tumor site. In this review, we focus on thermosensitive nanosystems associated with hyperthermia for the treatment of cancer, in preclinical and clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Pereira Gomes
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Luiza Chaves Maia
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Domenico Rubello
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radiology, Neuroradiology, Medical Physics, Clinical Laboratory, Microbiology, Pathology, Trasfusional Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 45100 Rovigo, Italy
| | - Danyelle M. Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Elaine Amaral Leite
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 31279-901 Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cai W, Chen M, Fan J, Jin H, Yu D, Qiang S, Peng C, Yu J. Fluorescein sodium loaded by polyethyleneimine for fundus fluorescein angiography improves adhesion. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:2595-2611. [PMID: 31361188 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2019-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To improve the retention of fluorescein sodium (FS) as a kind of clinical contrast agent for fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). Materials & methods: Polyethyleneimine (PEI) was designed to synthesize PEI–NHAc–FS nanoparticles (NPs), and the formed NPs were characterized by both physicochemical properties and their effects on FFA. Results: Compared with free FS, PEI–NHAc–FS NPs showed similar optical performance, and could obviously reduce cellular adsorption and uptake both in vitro and in vivo, which could promote the metabolism of NPs in ocular blood vessels. Conclusion: PEI–NHAc–FS NPs represent a smart nanosize fluorescence contrast agent, which hold promising potential for clinical FFA diagnosis, therapy and research work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Meixiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers & Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, PR China
| | - Huizi Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Donghui Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Sujing Qiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Chen Peng
- Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, PR China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninghai First Hospital, Ninghai, Zhejiang, 315600, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Shah TV, Vasava DV. A glimpse of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications. E-POLYMERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/epoly-2019-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, biodegradable polymers (BPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications such as drug carrier, gene delivery, tissue engineering, diagnosis, medical devices, and antibacterial/antifouling biomaterials. This can be attributed to numerous factors such as chemical, mechanical and physiochemical properties of BPs, their improved processibility, functionality and sensitivity towards stimuli. The present review intended to highlight main results of research on advances and improvements in terms of synthesis, physical properties, stimuli response, and/or applicability of biodegradable plastics (BPs) during last two decades, and its biomedical applications. Recent literature relevant to this study has been cited and their developing trends and challenges of BPs have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tejas V. Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
| | - Dilip V. Vasava
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat- 380009, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Thermosensitive hydrogel-based drug delivery system for sustained drug release. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1771-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
21
|
Yang J, Li Y, Hao N, Umair A, Liu A, Li L, Ye X. Preparation and Controlled Degradation of Model Amphiphilic Long-Subchain Hyperbranched Copolymers: Hyperblock versus Hypergraft. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxian Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Functional Polymer, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rezaian M, Maleki R, Dahri Dahroud M, Alamdari A, Alimohammadi M. pH-Sensitive Co-Adsorption/Release of Doxorubicin and Paclitaxel by Carbon Nanotube, Fullerene, and Graphene Oxide in Combination with N-isopropylacrylamide: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Biomolecules 2018; 8:E127. [PMID: 30380660 PMCID: PMC6316683 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology based drug delivery systems for cancer therapy have been the topic of interest for many researchers and scientists. In this research, we have studied the pH sensitive co-adsorption and release of doxorubicin (DOX) and paclitaxel (PAX) by carbon nanotube (CNT), fullerene, and graphene oxide (GO) in combination with N-isopropylacrylamide (PIN). This simulation study has been performed by use of molecular dynamics. Interaction energies, hydrogen bond, and gyration radius were investigated. Results reveal that, compared with fullerene and GO, CNT is a better carrier for the co-adsorption and co-release of DOX and PAX. It can adsorb the drugs in plasma pH and release it in vicinity of cancerous tissues which have acidic pH. Investigating the number of hydrogen bonds revealed that PIN created many hydrogen bonds with water resulting in high hydrophilicity of PIN, hence making it more stable in the bloodstream while preventing from its accumulation. It is also concluded from this study that CNT and PIN would make a suitable combination for the delivery of DOX and PAX, because PIN makes abundant hydrogen bonds and CNT makes stable interactions with these drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rezaian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, 19839-63113 Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Dahri Dahroud
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | - Abdolmohammad Alamdari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71345, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bhat SI, Ahmadi Y, Ahmad S. Recent Advances in Structural Modifications of Hyperbranched Polymers and Their Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b01969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahidul Islam Bhat
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Younes Ahmadi
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sharif Ahmad
- Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| |
Collapse
|