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Mavroidi B, Kaminari A, Sakellis E, Sideratou Z, Tsiourvas D. Carbon Dots-Biomembrane Interactions and Their Implications for Cellular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:833. [PMID: 37375780 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of carbon dots (CDs) on a model blayer membrane was studied as a means of comprehending their ability to affect cell membranes. Initially, the interaction of N-doped carbon dots with a biophysical liposomal cell membrane model was investigated by dynamic light scattering, z-potential, temperature-modulated differential scanning calorimetry, and membrane permeability. CDs with a slightly positive charge interacted with the surface of the negative-charged liposomes and evidence indicated that the association of CDs with the membrane affects the structural and thermodynamic properties of the bilayer; most importantly, it enhances the bilayer's permeability against doxorubicin, a well-known anticancer drug. The results, like those of similar studies that surveyed the interaction of proteins with lipid membranes, suggest that carbon dots are partially embedded in the bilayer. In vitro experiments employing breast cancer cell lines and human healthy dermal cells corroborated the findings, as it was shown that the presence of CDs in the culture medium selectively enhanced cell internalization of doxorubicin and, subsequently, increased its cytotoxicity, acting as a drug sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mavroidi
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tsiourvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
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Lyra KM, Kaminari A, Panagiotaki KN, Spyrou K, Papageorgiou S, Sakellis E, Katsaros FK, Sideratou Z. Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Guanidinylated Dendritic Molecular Transporters: An Efficient Platform for the Selective Anticancer Activity of Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:858. [PMID: 34207727 PMCID: PMC8226981 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient doxorubicin (DOX) drug delivery system with specificity against tumor cells was developed, based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalized with guanidinylated dendritic molecular transporters. Acid-treated MWCNTs (oxCNTs) interacted both electrostatically and through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals attraction forces with guanidinylated derivatives of 5000 and 25,000 Da molecular weight hyperbranched polyethyleneimine (GPEI5K and GPEI25K). Chemical characterization of these GPEI-functionalized oxCNTs revealed successful decoration with GPEIs all over the oxCNTs sidewalls, which, due to the presence of guanidinium groups, gave them aqueous compatibility and, thus, exceptional colloidal stability. These GPEI-functionalized CNTs were subsequently loaded with DOX for selective anticancer activity, yielding systems of high DOX loading, up to 99.5% encapsulation efficiency, while the DOX-loaded systems exhibited pH-triggered release and higher therapeutic efficacy compared to that of free DOX. Most importantly, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K-DOX system caused high and selective toxicity against cancer cells in a non-apoptotic, fast and catastrophic manner that cancer cells cannot recover from. Therefore, the oxCNTs@GPEI5K nanocarrier was found to be a potent and efficient nanoscale DOX delivery system, exhibiting high selectivity against cancerous cells, thus constituting a promising candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriaki-Marina Lyra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Archontia Kaminari
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Katerina N. Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Konstantinos Spyrou
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Sergios Papageorgiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Fotios K. Katsaros
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Reasearch ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (K.-M.L.); (A.K.); (K.N.P.); (S.P.); (E.S.); (F.K.K.)
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Heliopoulos NS, Kythreoti G, Lyra KM, Panagiotaki KN, Papavasiliou A, Sakellis E, Papageorgiou S, Kouloumpis A, Gournis D, Katsaros FK, Stamatakis K, Sideratou Z. Cytotoxicity Effects of Water-Soluble Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Decorated with Quaternized Hyperbranched Poly(ethyleneimine) Derivatives on Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Gram-Negative Bacteria. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E293. [PMID: 33036144 PMCID: PMC7601344 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oxCNTs) were functionalized by a simple non-covalent modification procedure using quaternized hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) derivatives (QPEIs), with various quaternization degrees. Structural characterization of these hybrids using a variety of techniques, revealed the successful and homogenous anchoring of QPEIs on the oxCNTs' surface. Moreover, these hybrids efficiently dispersed in aqueous media, forming dispersions with excellent aqueous stability for over 12 months. Their cytotoxicity effect was investigated on two types of gram(-) bacteria, an autotrophic (cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942) and a heterotrophic (bacterium Escherichia coli). An enhanced, dose-dependent antibacterial and anti-cyanobacterial activity against both tested organisms was observed, increasing with the quaternization degree. Remarkably, in the photosynthetic bacteria it was shown that the hybrid materials affect their photosynthetic apparatus by selective inhibition of the Photosystem-I electron transport activity. Cytotoxicity studies on a human prostate carcinoma DU145 cell line and 3T3 mouse fibroblasts revealed that all hybrids exhibit high cytocompatibility in the concentration range, in which they also exhibit both high antibacterial and anti-cyanobacterial activity. Thus, QPEI-functionalized oxCNTs can be very attractive candidates as antibacterial and anti-cyanobacterial agents that can be used for potential applications in the disinfection industry, as well as for the control of harmful cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
- Department of Industrial Design & Production Engineering, University of West Attica, 12241 Egaleo, Attiki, Greece
| | - Georgia Kythreoti
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Kyriaki Marina Lyra
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Katerina N. Panagiotaki
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Aggeliki Papavasiliou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Elias Sakellis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Sergios Papageorgiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Antonios Kouloumpis
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Dimitrios Gournis
- Department of Material Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece; (A.K.); (D.G.)
| | - Fotios K. Katsaros
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
| | - Kostas Stamatakis
- Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece;
| | - Zili Sideratou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre of Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, 15310 Aghia Paraskevi, Greece; (N.S.H.); (G.K.); (K.M.L.); (K.N.P.); (A.P.); (E.S.); (S.P.); (F.K.K.)
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