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Frackiewicz A, Kalaska B, Miklosz J, Mogielnicki A. The methods for removal of direct oral anticoagulants and heparins to improve the monitoring of hemostasis: a narrative literature review. Thromb J 2023; 21:58. [PMID: 37208753 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-023-00501-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The assessment of hemostasis is necessary to make suitable decisions on the management of patients with thrombotic disorders. In some clinical situations, for example, during thrombophilia screening, the presence of anticoagulants in sample makes diagnosis impossible. Various elimination methods may overcome anticoagulant interference. DOAC-Stop, DOAC-Remove and DOAC Filter are available methods to remove direct oral anticoagulants in diagnostic tests, although there are still reports on their incomplete efficacy in several assays. The new antidotes for direct oral anticoagulants - idarucizumab and andexanet alfa - could be potentially useful, but have their drawbacks. The necessity to remove heparins is also arising as heparin contamination from central venous catheter or therapy with heparin disturbs the appropriate hemostasis assessment. Heparinase and polybrene are already present in commercial reagents but a fully-effective neutralizer is still a challenge for researchers, thus promising candidates remain in the research phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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2
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Piñón-Balderrama CI, Leyva-Porras C, Conejo-Dávila AS, Zaragoza-Contreras EA. Sulfonated Block Copolymers: Synthesis, Chemical Modification, Self-Assembly Morphologies, and Recent Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235081. [PMID: 36501479 PMCID: PMC9740409 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientific research based on the self-assembly behavior of block copolymers (BCs) comprising charged-neutral segments has emerged as a novel strategy mainly looking for the optimization of efficiency in the generation and storage of electrical energy. The sulfonation reaction re- presents one of the most commonly employed methodologies by scientific investigations to reach the desired amphiphilic character, leading to enough ion concentration to modify and control the entire self-assembly behavior of the BCs. Recently, several works have studied and exploited these changes, inducing improvement on the mechanical properties, ionic conduction capabilities, colloidal solubility, interface activity, and stabilization of dispersed particles, among others. This review aims to present a description of recent works focused on obtaining amphiphilic block copolymers, specifically those that were synthesized by a living/controlled polymerization method and that have introduced the amphiphilic character by the sulfonation of one of the segments. Additionally, relevant works that have evidenced morphological and/or structural changes regarding the pristine BC as a result of the chemical modification are discussed. Finally, several emerging practical applications are analyzed to highlight the main drawbacks and challenges that should be addressed to overcome the development and understanding of these complex systems.
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3
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Kamiński K, Hąc-Wydro K, Skóra M, Tymecka M, Obłoza M. Preliminary Studies on the Mechanism of Antifungal Activity of New Cationic β-Glucan Derivatives Obtained from Oats and Barley. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:40333-40343. [PMID: 36385808 PMCID: PMC9648169 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New chemical structures with antifungal properties are highly desirable from the point of view of modern pharmaceutical science, especially due to the increasingly widespread instances of drug resistance in the case of these diseases. One way to solve this problem is to use polymeric drugs, widely described as biocidal, positively charged macromolecules. In this work, we present the synthesis of new cationic β-glucan derivatives that show selective antifungal activity and at the same time low toxicity toward animal and human cells. Two β-glucans isolated from oats and barley and modified using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride were obtained and evaluated for biocidal properties on the cells of mammals and pathogenic fungi and bacteria. These compounds were found to be nontoxic to fibroblast and bacterial cells but showed selective toxicity to certain species of filamentous fungi (Scopulariopsis brevicaulis) and yeasts (Cryptococcus neoformans). The most important aspect of this work is the attempt to explain the mechanisms of action of these compounds by studying their interaction with biological membranes. This was achieved by examining the interactions with model biological membranes representative of given families of microorganisms using Langmuir monolayers. The data obtained partly show correlations between the results for model systems and biological experiments and allow indicating that the selective antifungal activity of cationic β-glucans is related to their interaction with fungal biological membranes and partly lack of such interaction toward cells of other organisms. In addition, the obtained macromolecules were characterized by spectral methods (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies) to confirm that the desired structure was obtained, and their degree of modification and molecular weights were determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Hąc-Wydro
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skóra
- Department
of Infections Control and Mycology, Chair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Tymecka
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Obłoza
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2 Street, 30-387Kraków, Poland
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4
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Jakimczuk A, Kalaska B, Kamiński K, Miklosz J, Yusa SI, Pawlak D, Szczubiałka K, Mogielnicki A. Monitoring of Anticoagulant Activity of Dabigatran and Rivaroxaban in the Presence of Heparins. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11082236. [PMID: 35456329 PMCID: PMC9028841 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11082236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The routine monitoring of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) may be considered in patients with renal impairment, patients who are heavily obese, or patients requiring elective surgery. Using the heparin-binding copolymer (HBC) and polybrene, we aimed to develop a solution for monitoring the anticoagulant activity of DOACs in human plasma in the interfering presence of unfractionated heparin (UFH) and enoxaparin. The thrombin time (TT) and anti-factor Xa activity were monitored in pooled plasma from healthy volunteers. In these tests, plasma with dabigatran or rivaroxaban was mixed with UFH or enoxaparin and then incubated with HBC or polybrene, respectively. HBC and polybrene neutralized heparins and enabled monitoring of anticoagulant activity of dabigatran in the TT test. Both agents allowed for accurate measurement of anti-factor Xa activity in the plasma containing rivaroxaban and heparins in the concentration range reached in patients’ blood. Here, we present diagnostic tools that may improve the control of anticoagulation by eliminating the contamination of blood samples with heparins and enabling the monitoring of DOACs’ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Jakimczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +48-85-748-5660 (B.K.); +48-660589819 (K.K.)
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: (B.K.); (K.K.); Tel.: +48-85-748-5660 (B.K.); +48-660589819 (K.K.)
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji 671-2280, Japan;
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland; (A.J.); (J.M.); (D.P.); (A.M.)
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5
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Kaczor-Kamińska M, Kamiński K, Wróbel M. Heparan Sulfate, Mucopolysaccharidosis IIIB and Sulfur Metabolism Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040678. [PMID: 35453363 PMCID: PMC9026333 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis, type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is a rare disease caused by mutations in the N-alpha-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) gene resulting in decreased or absent enzyme activity. On the cellular level, the disorder is characterized by the massive lysosomal storage of heparan sulfate (HS)—one species of glycosaminoglycans. HS is a sulfur-rich macromolecule, and its accumulation should affect the turnover of total sulfur in cells; according to the studies presented here, it, indeed, does. The lysosomal degradation of HS in cells produces monosaccharides and inorganic sulfate (SO42−). Sulfate is a product of L-cysteine metabolism, and any disruption of its levels affects the entire L-cysteine catabolism pathway, which was first reported in 2019. It is known that L-cysteine level is elevated in cells with the Naglu−/− gene mutation and in selected tissues of individuals with MPS IIIB. The level of glutathione and the Naglu−/− cells’ antioxidant potential are significantly reduced, as well as the activity of 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST, EC 2.8.1.2) and the level of sulfane sulfur-containing compounds. The direct reason is not yet known. This paper attempts to identify some of cause-and-effect correlations that may lead to this condition and identifies research directions that should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kaczor-Kamińska
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-12-422-7400
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Maria Wróbel
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Krakow, Poland;
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6
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Molecular Dynamics Study of the Conformation, Ion Adsorption, Diffusion, and Water Structure of Soluble Polymers in Saline Solutions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203550. [PMID: 34685308 PMCID: PMC8539329 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymers have interesting physicochemical characteristics such as charge density, functionalities, and molecular weight. Such attributes are of great importance for use in industrial purposes. Understanding how these characteristics are affected is still complex, but with the help of molecular dynamics (MD) and quantum calculations (QM), it is possible to understand the behavior of polymers at the molecular level with great consistency. This study was applied to polymers derived from polyacrylamide (PAM) due to its great use in various industries. The polymers studied include hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), poly (2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate) (PAMPS), polyacrylic acid (PAA), polyethylene oxide polymer (PEO), and guar gum polysaccharide (GUAR). Each one has different attributes, which help in understanding the effects on the polymer and the medium in which it is applied along a broad spectrum. The results include the conformation, diffusion, ion condensation, the structure of the water around the polymer, and interatomic polymer interactions. Such characteristics are important to selecting a polymer depending on the environment in which it is found and its purpose. The effect caused by salinity is particular to each polymer, where polymers with an explicit charge or polyelectrolytes are more susceptible to changes due to salinity, increasing their coiling and reducing their mobility in solution. This naturally reduces its ability to form polymeric bridges due to having a polymer with a smaller gyration radius. In contrast, neutral polymers are less affected in their structure, making them favorable in media with high ionic charges.
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Banik N, Yang SB, Kang TB, Lim JH, Park J. Heparin and Its Derivatives: Challenges and Advances in Therapeutic Biomolecules. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910524. [PMID: 34638867 PMCID: PMC8509054 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been extensively studied as a safe medicine and biomolecule over the past few decades. Heparin derivatives, including low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) and heparin pentasaccharide, are effective anticoagulants currently used in clinical settings. They have also been studied as functional biomolecules or biomaterials for various therapeutic uses to treat diseases. Heparin, which has a similar molecular structure to heparan sulfate, can be used as a remarkable biomedicine due to its uniquely high safety and biocompatibility. In particular, it has recently drawn attention for use in drug-delivery systems, biomaterial-based tissue engineering, nanoformulations, and new drug-development systems through molecular formulas. A variety of new heparin-based biomolecules and conjugates have been developed in recent years and are currently being evaluated for use in clinical applications. This article reviews heparin derivatives recently studied in the field of drug development for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipa Banik
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Seong-Bin Yang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Tae-Bong Kang
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Ji-Hong Lim
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Jooho Park
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School, BK21 Program, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (N.B.); (S.-B.Y.); (T.-B.K.); (J.-H.L.)
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
- Correspondence:
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8
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Sulfonated RAFT Copolymers as Heparin Mimetics: Synthesis, Reactivity Ratios, and Anticoagulant Activity. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000110. [PMID: 32627962 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The glycosaminoglycan heparin is a clinically important anticoagulant drug, primarily used to reduce the risk of blood clots (thrombosis) during surgery. Despite its importance in medicine and its continuous use over many decades, heparin suffers from several limitations associated with its heterogeneity and its extraction from animal tissues. In order to address these limitations, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization is utilized to prepare a library of heparin mimetic copolymers from the sulfonated monomers sodium 4-styrene sulfonate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl acrylate, potassium-3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, and sodium-2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonate. Copolymers are prepared using combinations of two different monomers in various ratios. Monomer reactivity ratios are also determined for some representative monomer combinations, and all polymers are characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The anticoagulant activities of the copolymers are determined by activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin clotting time assays and structure-activity relationships are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Al Nahain
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria, 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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Yang Y, Yin S, He C, Wu X, Yin J, Zhang J, Ma L, Zhao W, Cheng C, Zhao C. Construction of Kevlar nanofiber/graphene oxide composite beads as safe, self-anticoagulant, and highly efficient hemoperfusion adsorbents. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:1960-1970. [PMID: 32067017 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb02789k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently emerged hemoperfusion absorbents, e.g. ion-exchange resin, activated carbon, and other porous materials, provide numerous novel possibilities to cure chronic liver failure (CLF) and renal failure (CRF). However, the limited adsorption performance and unsatisfactory blood compatibility significantly impede the development of the absorbents. Hence, designing safe and self-anticoagulant hemoperfusion absorbents with robust toxin clearance remains a considerable challenge. Here, brand new Kevlar-based composite gel beads for hemoperfusion are prepared by interface assembly based on π-π interaction. First, Kevlar nanofiber-graphene oxide (K-GO) beads are produced by liquid-liquid phase separation. Then, sodium p-styrenesulfonate (SS) is adsorbed onto the K-GO interface by π-π interaction and initiated to achieve the composite gel (K-GO/PSS) beads with an interfacial crosslinked structure. Such composite gel beads possess superior mechanical strength and self-anticoagulation capability, owing to the dual-network structure and heparin-mimicking gel structure, respectively. Furthermore, the K-GO/PSS beads show robust adsorption capacities for different kinds of toxins due to their strong charge and π-π interactions. A simulated hemoperfusion experiment in vitro demonstrates that the concentrations of the toxins in the blood can be restored to normal values within 30 minutes. In general, we envision that such composite gel beads will provide new strategies for future clinical CLF and CRF treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Shiqi Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Chao He
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Xizheng Wu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jiarui Yin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Jue Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Lang Ma
- Laboratory of Ultrasound Imaging Drug, Department of Ultrasound, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Chong Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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10
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Kalaska B, Miklosz J, Kamiński K, Swieton J, Jakimczuk A, Yusa SI, Pawlak D, Nowakowska M, Szczubiałka K, Mogielnicki A. Heparin-Binding Copolymer as a Complete Antidote for Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:51-61. [PMID: 31937564 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.262931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleeding resulting from the application of low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) may be treated with protamine sulfate, but this treatment lacks efficiency; its action against antifactor Xa activity is limited to ∼60%. Moreover, protamine sulfate can cause life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions. We developed diblock heparin-binding copolymer (HBC), which can neutralize the anticoagulant activity of parenteral anticoagulants. In the present study, we explored the safety profile of HBC and its potential to reverse enoxaparin, nadroparin, dalteparin, and tinzaparin in human plasma and at in vivo conditions. HBC-LMWH complexes were characterized using zeta potential, isothermal titration calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering. The rat cardiomyocytes and human endothelial cells were used for the assessment of in vitro toxicity. Male Wistar rats were observed for up to 4 days after HBC administration for clinical evaluation, gross necropsy, and biochemistry and histopathological analysis. Rats were treated with LMWHs alone or followed by short-time intravenous infusion of HBC, and bleeding time and antifactor Xa activity were measured. HBC completely reversed antifactor Xa activity prolonged in vitro by all LMWHs with an optimal weight ratio of 2.5:1. The complexes of HBC-LMWHs were below 5 µm. We observed no effects on the viability of cardiovascular cells treated with HBC at concentrations up to 0.05 mg/ml. Single doses up to 20 mg/kg of HBC were well tolerated by rats. HBC completely reversed the effects of LMWHs on bleeding time and antifactor Xa activity in vivo after 20 minutes and retained ∼80% and ∼60% of reversal activity after 1 and 2 hours, respectively. Well-documented efficacy and safety of HBC both in vitro and in vivo make this polymer a promising candidate for LMWHs reversal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Over the last decade, there has been significant progress in developing antidotes for the reversal of anticoagulants. Until now, there has been no effective and safe treatment for patients with severe bleeding under low-molecular-weight heparin therapy. Based on our in vitro and in vivo studies, heparin-binding copolymer seems to be a promising candidate for neutralizing all clinically relevant low-molecular-weight heparins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Justyna Swieton
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Aleksandra Jakimczuk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Maria Nowakowska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Krzysztof Szczubiałka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
| | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland (B.K., J.M., J.S., A.J., D.P., A.M.); Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland (K.K., M.N., K.S.); and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Hyogo, Himeji, Hyogo, Japan (S.-I.Y.)
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Nahain AA, Ignjatovic V, Monagle P, Tsanaktsidis J, Vamvounis G, Ferro V. Anticoagulant Heparin Mimetics via RAFT Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2019; 21:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera Ignjatovic
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul Monagle
- Haematology Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - John Tsanaktsidis
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Research Way, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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12
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Singha NR, Dutta A, Mahapatra M, Roy JSD, Mitra M, Deb M, Chattopadhyay PK. In Situ Attachment of Acrylamido Sulfonic Acid-Based Monomer in Terpolymer Hydrogel Optimized by Response Surface Methodology for Individual and/or Simultaneous Removal(s) of M(III) and Cationic Dyes. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:1763-1780. [PMID: 31459433 PMCID: PMC6648733 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Herein, grafting of starch (STR) and in situ strategic inclusion of 2-(3-(acrylamido)propylamido)-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (APMPS) via solution polymerization of 2-(acrylamido)-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and acrylamide (AM) have resulted in the synthesis of smart STR-grafted-AMPS-co-APMPS-co-AM (i.e., STR-g-TerPol) interpenetrating terpolymer (TerPol) network hydrogels. For fabricating the optimum hydrogel showing excellent physicochemical properties and recyclability, amounts of ingredients and temperature of synthesis have been optimized using multistage response surface methodology. STR-g-TerPol bearing the maximum swelling ability, along with the retention of network integrity, has been employed for individual and/or simultaneous removal(s) of metal ions (i.e., M(III)), such as Bi(III) and Sb(III), and dyes, such as tris(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)methylium chloride (i.e., crystal violet) and (7-amino-8-phenoxazin-3-ylidene)-diethylazanium dichlorozinc dichloride (i.e., brilliant cresyl blue). The in situ strategic protrusion of APMPS, grafting of STR into the TerPol matrix, variation of crystallinity, thermal stabilities, surface properties, mechanical properties, swellability, adsorption capacities (ACs), and ligand-selective superadsorption have been inferred via analyses of unadsorbed and/or adsorbed STR-g-TerPol using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H/13C NMR, UV-vis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, dynamic light scattering, and rheological analyses and measuring the lower critical solution temperature, % gel content, pH at point of zero charge (pHPZC), and network parameters, such as ρc and M c. The prevalence of covalent, ionic (I), and variegated interactions between STR-g-TerPol and M(III) has been understood through FTIR analyses, fitting of kinetics data to the pseudosecond-order model, and by the measurement of activation energies of adsorption. The formation of H-aggregate type dimers and hypochromic and hypsochromic shifts has been explained via UV-vis analyses during individual and/or simultaneous removal(s) of cationic dyes. Several isotherm models were fitted to the equilibrium experimental data, of which Langmuir and combined Langmuir-Freundlich models have been best fitted for individual Bi(III)/Sb(III) and simultaneous Sb(III) + Bi(III) removals, respectively. Thermodynamically spontaneous chemisorption processes have shown the maximum ACs of 1047.39/282.39 and 932.08/137.85 mg g-1 for Bi(III) and Sb(III), respectively, at 303 K, adsorbent dose = 0.01 g, and initial concentration of M(III) = 1000/30 ppm. The maximum ACs have been changed to 173.09 and 136.02 mg g-1 for Bi(III) and Sb(III), respectively, for binary Sb(III) + Bi(III) removals at 303 K, adsorbent dose = 0.01 g, and initial concentration of Bi(III)/Sb(III) at 30/5 and 5/30 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayan Ranjan Singha
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Arnab Dutta
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Manas Mahapatra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Joy Sankar Deb Roy
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Madhushree Mitra
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Mousumi Deb
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
| | - Pijush Kanti Chattopadhyay
- Advanced Polymer Laboratory, Department of Polymer
Science and Technology, and Department of
Leather Technology, Government College of Engineering and Leather
Technology (Post-Graduate), Maulana Abul
Kalam Azad University of Technology,
Salt Lake, Kolkata 700106, West Bengal, India
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13
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Kalaska B, Miklosz J, Kamiński K, Musielak B, Yusa SI, Pawlak D, Nowakowska M, Szczubiałka K, Mogielnicki A. The neutralization of heparan sulfate by heparin-binding copolymer as a potential therapeutic target. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3020-3029. [PMID: 35518950 PMCID: PMC9059929 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09724k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides regulating ligand–receptor and cell–cell interactions, heparan sulfate (HS) may participate in the development of many diseases, such as cancer, bacterial or viral infections, and their complications, like bleeding or inflammation. In these cases, the neutralization of HS could be a potential therapeutic target. The heparin-binding copolymer (HBC, PEG41-PMAPTAC53) was previously reported by us as a fully synthetic compound for efficient and safe neutralization of heparins and synthetic anticoagulants. In a search for molecular antagonists of HS, we examined the activity of HBC as an HS inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo and characterized HBC/HS complexes. Using a colorimetric Azure A method, isothermal titration calorimetry and dynamic light scattering techniques we found that HBC binds HS by forming complexes below 200 nm with less than 1 : 1 stoichiometry. We confirmed the HBC inhibitory effect in rats by measuring activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, anti-factor Xa activity, anti-factor IIa activity, and platelet aggregation. HBC reversed the enhancement of all tested parameters caused by HS demonstrating that cationic synthetic block copolymers may have a therapeutic value in various disorders involving overproduction of HS. The neutralization of heparan sulfate (HS) by a heparin-binding copolymer (HBC) could be a promising treating option for bacterial or viral infections or bleeding related to overproduction of HS in cancer or other diseases.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics
- Medical University of Bialystok
- 15-089 Bialystok
- Poland
| | - Joanna Miklosz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics
- Medical University of Bialystok
- 15-089 Bialystok
- Poland
| | - Kamil Kamiński
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Bogdan Musielak
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Yusa
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- University of Hyogo
- Himeji
- Japan
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics
- Medical University of Bialystok
- 15-089 Bialystok
- Poland
| | | | | | - Andrzej Mogielnicki
- Department of Pharmacodynamics
- Medical University of Bialystok
- 15-089 Bialystok
- Poland
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