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Paul J, Qamar A, Ahankari SS, Thomas S, Dufresne A. Chitosan-based aerogels: A new paradigm of advanced green materials for remediation of contaminated water. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 338:122198. [PMID: 38763724 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) aerogels are highly porous (∼99 %), exhibit ultralow density, and are excellent sorbents for removing ionic pollutants and oils/organic solvents from water. Their abundant hydroxyl and amino groups facilitate the adsorption of ionic pollutants through electrostatic interaction, complexation and chelation mechanisms. Selection of suitable surface wettability is the way to separate oils/organic solvents from water. This review summarizes the most recent developments in improving the adsorption performance, mechanical strength and regeneration of CS aerogels. The structure of the paper follows the extraction of chitosan, preparation and sorption characteristics of CS aerogels for heavy metal ions, organic dyes, and oils/organic solvents, sequentially. A detailed analysis of the parameters that influence the adsorption/absorption performance of CS aerogels is carried out and their effective control for improving the performance is suggested. The analysis of research outcomes of the recently published data came up with some interesting facts that the unidirectional pore structure and characteristics of the functional group of the aerogel and pH of the adsorbate have led to the enhanced adsorption performance of the CS aerogel. Finally, the excerpts of the literature survey highlighting the difficulties and potential of CS aerogels for water remediation are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyel Paul
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Ahsan Qamar
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sandeep S Ahankari
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Polymer Science and Technology, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Nanoscience, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Energy Science, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; School of Chemical Sciences, IIUCNN, Mahatma Gandhi University, Priyadarshini Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686 560, India; Department of Chemical Sciences (formerly Applied Chemistry), University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Alain Dufresne
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LGP2, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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Parale VG, Kim T, Choi H, Phadtare VD, Dhavale RP, Kanamori K, Park HH. Mechanically Strengthened Aerogels through Multiscale, Multicompositional, and Multidimensional Approaches: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307772. [PMID: 37916304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, aerogels have attracted tremendous attention in academia and industry as a class of lightweight and porous multifunctional nanomaterial. Despite their wide application range, the low mechanical durability hinders their processing and handling, particularly in applications requiring complex physical structures. "Mechanically strengthened aerogels" have emerged as a potential solution to address this drawback. Since the first report on aerogels in 1931, various modified synthesis processes have been introduced in the last few decades to enhance the aerogel mechanical strength, further advancing their multifunctional scope. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art developments of mechanically strengthened aerogels through multicompositional and multidimensional approaches. Furthermore, new trends and future directions for as prevailed commercialization of aerogels as plastic materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak G Parale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haryeong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Varsha D Phadtare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Rushikesh P Dhavale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hyung-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
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3
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Sivaraman D, Nagel Y, Siqueira G, Chansoria P, Avaro J, Neels A, Nyström G, Sun Z, Wang J, Pan Z, Iglesias-Mejuto A, Ardao I, García-González CA, Li M, Wu T, Lattuada M, Malfait WJ, Zhao S. Additive Manufacturing of Nanocellulose Aerogels with Structure-Oriented Thermal, Mechanical, and Biological Properties. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2307921. [PMID: 38477181 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely recognized as a versatile tool for achieving complex geometries and customized functionalities in designed materials. However, the challenge lies in selecting an appropriate AM method that simultaneously realizes desired microstructures and macroscopic geometrical designs in a single sample. This study presents a direct ink writing method for 3D printing intricate, high-fidelity macroscopic cellulose aerogel forms. The resulting aerogels exhibit tunable anisotropic mechanical and thermal characteristics by incorporating fibers of different length scales into the hydrogel inks. The alignment of nanofibers significantly enhances mechanical strength and thermal resistance, leading to higher thermal conductivities in the longitudinal direction (65 mW m-1 K-1 ) compared to the transverse direction (24 mW m-1 K-1 ). Moreover, the rehydration of printed cellulose aerogels for biomedical applications preserves their high surface area (≈300 m2 g-1 ) while significantly improving mechanical properties in the transverse direction. These printed cellulose aerogels demonstrate excellent cellular viability (>90% for NIH/3T3 fibroblasts) and exhibit robust antibacterial activity through in situ-grown silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeptanshu Sivaraman
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Nagel
- Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gilberto Siqueira
- Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Parth Chansoria
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Avaro
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Antonia Neels
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
- Center for X-ray Analytics, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Gustav Nyström
- Cellulose and Wood Materials Laboratory, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Health Science and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Zhaoxia Sun
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Laboratory for Advanced Analytical Technologies, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Zhengyuan Pan
- School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
| | - Ana Iglesias-Mejuto
- AerogelsLab, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Inés Ardao
- BioFarma Research group, Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Innopharma Drug Screening and Pharmacogenomics Platform, Centro Singular de Investigación en Medicina Molecular y Enfermedades Crónicas (CiMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Carlos A García-González
- AerogelsLab, I+D Farma Group (GI-1645), Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, iMATUS and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, E-15782, Spain
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Tingting Wu
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, 1700, Switzerland
| | - Wim J Malfait
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
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Takeshita S, Ono T. Biopolymer-Polysiloxane Double Network Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306518. [PMID: 37466360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
A new series of transparent aerogels of biopolymer-polysiloxane double networks is reported. Biopolymer aerogels have attracted much attention from green and sustainable aspects but suffered from strong hydrophilicity and difficulty to make homogeneous structures in nanoscale; these drawbacks are overcome by compositing with a polysiloxane network. Alginate-polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogel has high optical transparency, water repellency, comparable superinsulation property and improved bending flexibility compared to pure polymethylsilsesquioxane aerogel. The nanoscale homogeneity is realized by separating the crosslinking steps for two networks in a sequential protocol: condensation of siloxane bonds and metal-crosslinking of biopolymer. The crosslinking order, biopolymer-first or siloxane-first, and universality/limitation of biopolymer-crosslinker pairs are discussed to construct fundamental chemistry of double network systems for their further application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 3058565, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takumi Ono
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi, 3058565, Tsukuba, Japan
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5
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Basak S, Singhal RS. The potential of supercritical drying as a “green” method for the production of food-grade bioaerogels: A comprehensive critical review. Food Hydrocoll 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.108738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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6
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Biopolymeric Fibrous Aerogels: The Sustainable Alternative for Water Remediation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020262. [PMID: 36679143 PMCID: PMC9867057 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The increment in water pollution due to the massive development in the industrial sector is a worldwide concern due to its impact on the environment and human health. Therefore, the development of new and sustainable alternatives for water remediation is needed. In this context, aerogels present high porosity, low density, and a remarkable adsorption capacity, making them candidates for remediation applications demonstrating high efficiency in removing pollutants from the air, soil, and water. Specifically, polymer-based aerogels could be modified in their high surface area to integrate functional groups, decrease their hydrophilicity, or increase their lipophilicity, among other variations, expanding and enhancing their efficiency as adsorbents for the removal of various pollutants in water. The aerogels based on natural polymers such as cellulose, chitosan, or alginate processed by different techniques presented high adsorption capacities, efficacy in oil/water separation and dye removal, and excellent recyclability after several cycles. Although there are different reviews based on aerogels, this work gives an overview of just the natural biopolymers employed to elaborate aerogels as an eco-friendly and renewable alternative. In addition, here we show the synthesis methods and applications in water cleaning from pollutants such as dyes, oil, and pharmaceuticals, providing novel information for the future development of biopolymeric-based aerogel.
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7
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Influence of supercritical fluid parameters on the polyimide aerogels in a high-efficiency supercritical drying process. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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8
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He H, Wei X, Yang B, Liu H, Sun M, Li Y, Yan A, Tang CY, Lin Y, Xu L. Ultrastrong and multifunctional aerogels with hyperconnective network of composite polymeric nanofibers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4242. [PMID: 35869053 PMCID: PMC9307841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) microfibrillar network represents an important structural design for various natural tissues and synthetic aerogels. Despite extensive efforts, achieving high mechanical properties for synthetic 3D microfibrillar networks remains challenging. Here, we report ultrastrong polymeric aerogels involving self-assembled 3D networks of aramid nanofiber composites. The interactions between the nanoscale constituents lead to assembled networks with high nodal connectivity and strong crosslinking between fibrils. As revealed by theoretical simulations of 3D networks, these features at fibrillar joints may lead to an enhancement of macroscopic mechanical properties by orders of magnitude even with a constant level of solid content. Indeed, the polymeric aerogels achieved both high specific tensile modulus of ~625.3 MPa cm3 g−1 and fracture energy of ~4700 J m−2, which are advantageous for diverse structural applications. Furthermore, their simple processing techniques allow fabrication into various functional devices, such as wearable electronics, thermal stealth, and filtration membranes. The mechanistic insights and manufacturability provided by these robust microfibrillar aerogels may create further opportunities for materials design and technological innovation.
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9
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Chartier C, Buwalda S, Van Den Berghe H, Nottelet B, Budtova T. Tuning the properties of porous chitosan: Aerogels and cryogels. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 202:215-223. [PMID: 35033531 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Highly porous chitosan-based materials were prepared via dissolution, non-solvent induced phase separation and drying using different methods. The goal was to tune the morphology and properties of chitosan porous materials by varying process parameters. Chitosan concentration, concentration of sodium hydroxide in the coagulation bath and aging time were varied. Drying was performed via freeze-drying leading to "cryogels" or via drying with supercritical CO2 leading to "aerogels". Cryogels were of lower density than aerogels (0.03-0.12 g/cm3vs 0.07-0.26 g/cm3, respectively) and had a lower specific surface area (50-70 vs 200-270 m2/g, respectively). The absorption of simulated wound exudate by chitosan aerogels and cryogels was studied in view of their potential applications as wound dressing. Higher absorption was obtained for cryogels (530-1500%) as compared to aerogels (200-610%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Chartier
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Sytze Buwalda
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Hélène Van Den Berghe
- Department of Polymers for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Nottelet
- Department of Polymers for Health and Biomaterials, IBMM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Tatiana Budtova
- MINES ParisTech, PSL Research University, Center for Materials Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, CS 10207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis, France.
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Freeze-thaw and solvent-exchange strategy to generate physically cross-linked organogels and hydrogels of curdlan with tunable mechanical properties. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:119003. [PMID: 34973803 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.119003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physical gels from natural polysaccharides present the advantage of no toxic cross-linking agents and no chemical modification during preparation. Herein, novel physical gels, transparent organogels and opaque hydrogels from the microorganism-derived (1,3)-β-D-glucan of curdlan were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) using the freeze-thaw technique, followed by a solvent-exchange strategy with water. The mechanical and structural properties of these gels were investigated by rheology, scanning electron microscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering. Gelation mechanisms and intermolecular interaction models have also been proposed. The good solvent DMSO serves as both a crosslinker and a pore-foaming agent in organogels. The reversible macromolecular conformation changes and phase separation of curdlan endow the gels with reversible transparency, volume change and tunable mechanical strength. The new design strategy of facile preparation and performance tuning provides a platform for developing new organogels and sterile hydrogels of curdlan.
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11
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Li CG, Dang Q, Yang Q, Chen D, Zhu H, Chen J, Liu R, Wang X. Study of the microstructure of chitosan aerogel beads prepared by supercritical CO 2 drying and the effect of long-term storage. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21041-21049. [PMID: 35919839 PMCID: PMC9301543 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01875f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the pore properties and effect of storage time on the microstructure of CO2-dried aerogels, chitosan aerogel beads were obtained from chitosan hydrogels with an initial concentration in the range of 1.5–3.0 wt% through SCCO2 drying and freeze-drying (as a comparison). The SCCO2-dried chitosan aerogels showed a three-dimensional network structure, and had higher BET surface area (200 m2 g−1) and higher crystallinity (0.62/XRD, 0.80/ATR-FTIR) than the freeze-dried aerogels. The stability of the microstructure of the SCCO2-dried chitosan aerogel beads during 10 months was studied. The BET surface area of the aerogel beads at each concentration declined by 30.5% at 2 months, 56.7% at 6 months and 67.2% at 10 months. Accelerated aging tests of the chitosan aerogel beads were carried out to study the effect of humidity on the chitosan aerogel beads. The average diameter of the chitosan aerogel decreased from 2.3 mm to 0.9 mm when stored at 65 °C with 90% relative humidity (RH). In contrast, there was no obvious change during storage at 65 °C with 20% RH. The amount of adsorbed water increased from 4% to 12% at 65 °C with 90% RH for 96 h, and the bound water content of the aerogel beads gradually increased. This study demonstrates that SCCO2-dried chitosan aerogel beads could be better at maintaining their mesoporous structure, and the adsorption of water from the surrounding air had a significant effect on the microstructure and shrinkage of the chitosan aerogel beads. Chitosan aerogel beads prepared by different drying methods were compared, and the effects of long-term storage and humidity on the structure were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-gong Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qinqin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Runjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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12
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Construction of the Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) Aerogel Loading TiO 2 NPs and Its Application in Disposal of Organic Pollutants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13111841. [PMID: 34199425 PMCID: PMC8199583 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerogels have been widely used in the adsorption of pollutants because of their large specific surface area. As an environmentally friendly natural polysaccharide, cellulose is a good candidate for the preparation of aerogels due to its wide sources and abundant polar groups. In this paper, an approach to construct cellulose nanofibers aerogels with both the good mechanical property and the high pollutants adsorption capability through chemical crosslinking was explored. On this basis, TiO2 nanoparticles were loaded on the aerogel through the sol-gel method followed by the hydrothermal method, thereby the enriched pollutants in the aerogel could be degraded synchronously. The chemical cross-linker not only helps build the three-dimensional network structure of aerogels, but also provides loading sites for TiO2. The degradation efficiency of pollutants by the TiO2@CNF Aerogel can reach more than 90% after 4 h, and the efficiency is still more than 70% after five cycles. The prepared TiO2@CNF Aerogels have high potential in the field of environmental management, because of the high efficiency of treating organic pollutes and the sustainability of the materials. The work also provides a choice for the functional utilization of cellulose, offering a valuable method to utilize the large amount of cellulose in nature.
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13
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Yahya EB, Amirul AA, H.P.S. AK, Olaiya NG, Iqbal MO, Jummaat F, A.K. AS, Adnan AS. Insights into the Role of Biopolymer Aerogel Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1612. [PMID: 34067569 PMCID: PMC8156123 DOI: 10.3390/polym13101612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The global transplantation market size was valued at USD 8.4 billion in 2020 and is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 11.5% over the forecast period. The increasing demand for tissue transplantation has inspired researchers to find alternative approaches for making artificial tissues and organs function. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of biopolymers and the attractive structural characteristics of aerogels such as extremely high porosity, ultra low-density, and high surface area make combining these materials of great interest in tissue scaffolding and regenerative medicine applications. Numerous biopolymer aerogel scaffolds have been used to regenerate skin, cartilage, bone, and even heart valves and blood vessels by growing desired cells together with the growth factor in tissue engineering scaffolds. This review focuses on the principle of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and the role of biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in this field, going through the properties and the desirable characteristics of biopolymers and biopolymer tissue scaffolds in tissue engineering applications. The recent advances of using biopolymer aerogel scaffolds in the regeneration of skin, cartilage, bone, and heart valves are also discussed in the present review. Finally, we highlight the main challenges of biopolymer-based scaffolds and the prospects of using these materials in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam Bashir Yahya
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - A. A. Amirul
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Khalil H.P.S.
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Niyi Gideon Olaiya
- Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB 704 Akure, Nigeria;
| | - Muhammad Omer Iqbal
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Glycoscience and Glycoengineering, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Fauziah Jummaat
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (F.J.); (A.S.A.)
| | - Atty Sofea A.K.
- Hospital Seberang Jaya, Jalan Tun Hussein Onn, Seberang Jaya, Permatang Pauh 13700, Malaysia;
| | - A. S. Adnan
- Management & Science University Medical Centre, University Drive, Off Persiaran Olahraga, Section 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (F.J.); (A.S.A.)
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14
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemie der Chitosan‐Aerogele: Lenkung der dreidimensionalen Poren für maßgeschneiderte Anwendungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Eidgenössische Materialprüfungs- und Forschungsanstalt (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Schweiz
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15
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Microstructures of potato protein hydrogels and aerogels produced by thermal crosslinking and supercritical drying. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Feng J, Su BL, Xia H, Zhao S, Gao C, Wang L, Ogbeide O, Feng J, Hasan T. Printed aerogels: chemistry, processing, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3842-3888. [PMID: 33522550 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00757a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As an extraordinarily lightweight and porous functional nanomaterial family, aerogels have attracted considerable interest in academia and industry in recent decades. Despite the application scopes, the modest mechanical durability of aerogels makes their processing and operation challenging, in particular, for situations demanding intricate physical structures. "Bottom-up" additive manufacturing technology has the potential to address this drawback. Indeed, since the first report of 3D printed aerogels in 2015, a new interdisciplinary research area combining aerogel and printing technology has emerged to push the boundaries of structure and performance, further broadening their application scope. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of printed aerogels and presents a comprehensive view of their developments in the past 5 years, and highlights the key near- and mid-term challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzong Feng
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
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17
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Chemistry of Chitosan Aerogels: Three‐Dimensional Pore Control for Tailored Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:9828-9851. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Central 5, 1-1-1 Higashi 3058565 Tsukuba Japan
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Building Energy Materials & Components Laboratory Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Überlandstrasse 129 CH-8600 Dübendorf Switzerland
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18
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Wang Z, Zhu W, Huang R, Zhang Y, Jia C, Zhao H, Chen W, Xue Y. Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofiber Aerogels Prepared via Two Different Drying Techniques. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112583. [PMID: 33153103 PMCID: PMC7692565 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the influence of drying processes on cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogel performance has always been a great challenge. In this study, CNF aerogels were prepared via two different drying techniques. The CNF solution was prepared via existing chemical methods, and the resultant aerogel was fabricated through supercritical CO2 drying and liquid nitrogen freeze-drying techniques. The microstructure, shrinkage, specific surface area, pore volume, density, compression strength, and isothermal desorption curves of CNF aerogel were characterized. The aerogel obtained from the liquid nitrogen freeze-drying method showed a relatively higher shrinkage, higher compression strength, lower specific surface area, higher pore volume, and higher density. The N2 adsorption capacity and pore diameter of the aerogel obtained via the liquid nitrogen freeze-drying method were lower than the aerogel that underwent supercritical CO2 drying. However, the structures of CNF aerogels obtained from these two drying methods were extremely similar.
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19
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Solvents, CO 2 and biopolymers: Structure formation in chitosan aerogel. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 247:116680. [PMID: 32829808 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The functionality of biopolymer aerogels is inherently linked to its microstructure, which in turn depends on the synthesis protocol. Detailed investigations on the macroscopic size change and nanostructure formation during chitosan aerogel synthesis reveal a new aspect of biopolymer aerogels that increases process flexibility. Formaldehyde-cross-linked chitosan gels retain a significant fraction of their original volume after solvent exchange into methanol (50.3 %), ethanol (47.1 %) or isopropanol (26.7 %), but shrink dramatically during subsequent supercritical CO2 processing (down to 4.9 %, 3.5 % and 3.7 %, respectively). In contrast, chitosan gels shrink more strongly upon exchange into n-heptane (7.2 %), a low affinity solvent, and retain this volume during CO2 processing. Small-angle X-ray scattering confirms that the occurrence of the volumetric changes correlates with mesoporous network formation through physical coagulation in CO2 or n-heptane. The structure formation step can be controlled by solvent-polymer and polymer-drying interactions, which would be a new tool to tailor the aerogel structure.
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20
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Kleemann C, Zink J, Selmer I, Smirnova I, Kulozik U. Effect of Ethanol on the Textural Properties of Whey Protein and Egg White Protein Hydrogels during Water-Ethanol Solvent Exchange. Molecules 2020; 25:E4417. [PMID: 32992964 PMCID: PMC7582817 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the effect of ethanol (EtOH) on the textural properties of whey protein and egg white protein hydrogels. The hydrogels were produced by thermally induced gel formation of aqueous protein solutions. The water contained in the gel network was subsequently exchanged by EtOH to assess structural changes upon exposure of hydrogels to ethanolic aqueous phases. The textural properties of the hydrogel and alcogel samples were analyzed by uniaxial compression tests. For both protein sources, the hardness increased exponentially when pH and EtOH concentration were increased. This increase correlated with a shrinkage of the gel samples. The gel texture was found to be elastic at low EtOH concentrations and became stiff and hard at higher EtOH concentrations. It was found that the solvent exchange influences the ion concentration within the gels and, therefore, the interactions between molecules in the gel structure. Non-covalent bonds were identified as substantially responsible for the gel structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kleemann
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.Z.); (U.K.)
| | - Joël Zink
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.Z.); (U.K.)
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 9, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ilka Selmer
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (I.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Hamburg University of Technology, Eißendorfer Straße 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany; (I.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 1, 85354 Freising, Germany; (J.Z.); (U.K.)
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21
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Takeshita S, Zhao S, Malfait WJ. Transparent, Aldehyde-Free Chitosan Aerogel. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117089. [PMID: 33142630 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Aldehyde-free, transparent chitosan aerogel is reported. The aerogel was prepared by thermal decomposition of urea to induce gelation of a chitosan solution, followed by solvent exchange to ethanol, and supercritical drying. Low urea concentrations (≤ 25 g L-1) result in transparent and highly mesoporous aerogels, while higher urea concentrations (≥ 30 g L-1) produce opaque, more macroporous aerogels. The high surface areas of > 400 m2 g-1, large mesopore volumes up to 3.5 cm3 g-1, and optical transparency of the low-urea aerogels indicate a high structural homogeneity at the mesoscale, and the properties comparable to previously reported transparent chitosan aerogels prepared with formaldehyde crosslinking. The macroscopic size changes of the wet gels indicate that microstructure formation is controlled by the timing of chitosan coagulation, which depends among others on urea concentration. The aldehyde-free, microstructure-tunable process provides a new series of transparent biopolymer aerogels with "true aerogel" mesoporous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Research Institute for Chemical Process Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, 3058565, Japan; Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.
| | - Wim J Malfait
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland.
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22
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Guerrero-Alburquerque N, Zhao S, Adilien N, Koebel MM, Lattuada M, Malfait WJ. Strong, Machinable, and Insulating Chitosan-Urea Aerogels: Toward Ambient Pressure Drying of Biopolymer Aerogel Monoliths. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:22037-22049. [PMID: 32302092 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biopolymer aerogels are an emerging class of materials with potential applications in drug delivery, thermal insulation, separation, and filtration. Chitosan is of particular interest as a sustainable, biocompatible, and abundant raw material. Here, we present urea-modified chitosan aerogels with a high surface area and excellent thermal and mechanical properties. The irreversible gelation of an acidic chitosan solution is triggered by the thermal decomposition of urea at 80 °C through an increase in pH and, more importantly, the formation of abundant ureido terminal groups. The hydrogels are dried using either supercritical CO2 drying (SCD) or ambient pressure drying (APD) methods to elucidate the influence of the drying process on the final aerogel properties. The hydrogels are exchanged into ethanol prior to SCD, and into ethanol and then heptane prior to APD. The surface chemistry and microstructure are monitored by solid-state NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and nitrogen sorption. Surprisingly, large monolithic aerogel plates (70 × 70 mm2) can be produced by APD, albeit at a somewhat higher density (0.17-0.42 g/cm3). The as prepared aerogels have thermal conductivities of ∼24 and ∼31 mW/(m·K) and surface areas of 160-170 and 85-230 m2/g, for SCD and APD, respectively. For a primarily biopolymer-based material, these aerogels are exceptionally stable at elevated temperature (TGA) and char and self-extinguish after direct flame exposure. The urea-modified chitosan aerogels display superior mechanical properties compared to traditional silica aerogels, with no brittle rupture up to at least 80% strain, and depending on the chitosan concentration, relatively high E-moduli (1.0-11.6 MPa), and stress at 80% strain values (σ80 of 3.5-17.9 MPa). Remarkably, the aerogel monoliths can be shaped and machined with standard tools, for example, drilling and sawing. This first demonstration to produce monolithic and machinable, mesoporous aerogels from bio-sourced, renewable, and nontoxic precursors, combined with the potential for reduced production cost by means of simple APD, opens up new opportunities for biopolymer aerogel applications and marks an important step toward commercialization of biopolymer aerogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Guerrero-Alburquerque
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Shanyu Zhao
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M Koebel
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Lattuada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Wim J Malfait
- Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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23
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Wei S, Ching YC, Chuah CH. Synthesis of chitosan aerogels as promising carriers for drug delivery: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 231:115744. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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El Kadib A. Green and Functional Aerogels by Macromolecular and Textural Engineering of Chitosan Microspheres. CHEM REC 2020; 20:753-772. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201900089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim El Kadib
- Euromed Research Center, Engineering DivisionEuro-Med University of Fes (UEMF) Route de Meknes, Rond-point de Bensouda 30070 Fès Morocco
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25
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Nazir R, Parida D, Guex AG, Rentsch D, Zarei A, Gooneie A, Salmeia KA, Yar KM, Alihosseini F, Sadeghpour A, Gaan S. Structurally Tunable pH-responsive Phosphine Oxide Based Gels by Facile Synthesis Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7639-7649. [PMID: 31972075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Design and synthesis of nanostructured responsive gels have attracted increasing attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. Polymer chain configurations and nanodomain sizes within the network can be used to steer their functions as drug carriers. Here, a catalyst-free facile one-step synthesis strategy is reported for the design of pH-responsive gels and controlled structures in nanoscale. Transparent and impurity free gels were directly synthesized from trivinylphosphine oxide (TVPO) and cyclic secondary diamine monomers via Michael addition polymerization under mild conditions. NMR analysis confirmed the consumption of all TVPO and the absence of side products, thereby eliminating post purification steps. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) elucidates the nanoscale structural features in gels, that is, it demonstrates the presence of collapsed nanodomains within gel networks and it was possible to tune the size of these domains by varying the amine monomers and the nature of the solvent. The fabricated gels demonstrate structure tunability via solvent-polymer interactions and pH specific drug release behavior. Three different anionic dyes (acid blue 80, acid blue 90, and fluorescein) of varying size and chemistry were incorporated into the hydrogel as model drugs and their release behavior was studied. Compared to acidic pH, a higher and faster release of acid blue 80 and fluorescein was observed at pH 10, possibly because of their increased solubility in alkaline pH. In addition, their release in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) matrix was positively influenced by the ionic interaction with positively charged metal ions. In the case of hydrogel containing acid blue 90 a very low drug release (<1%) was observed, which is due to the reaction of its accessible free amino group with the vinyl groups of the TVPO. In vitro evaluation of the prepared hydrogel using human dermal fibroblasts indicates no cytotoxic effects, warranting further research for biomedical applications. Our strategy of such gel synthesis lays the basis for the design of other gel-based functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Dambarudhar Parida
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Anne Géraldine Guex
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces and Laboratory for Biomimetic Membranes and Textiles , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory for Functional Polymers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Überlandstrasse 129 , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Afsaneh Zarei
- Department of Textile Engineering , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , 84156-83111 , Iran
| | - Ali Gooneie
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Khalifah A Salmeia
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Kevin M Yar
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Farzaneh Alihosseini
- Department of Textile Engineering , Isfahan University of Technology , Isfahan , 84156-83111 , Iran
| | - Amin Sadeghpour
- Center for X-Ray Analytics , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Laboratory of Advanced Fibers , Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 , CH-9014 St. Gallen , Switzerland
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26
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Izawa H, Kajimoto H, Morimoto M, Saimoto H, Ifuku S. Honeycomb-like porous chitosan films prepared via phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) during water evaporation under ambient conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19730-19735. [PMID: 35520439 PMCID: PMC9054209 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03845h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honeycomb-like porous chitosan (CS) films are attractive tools for developing functional materials for filters, catalyses, adsorbents, biomaterials, etc. A simple method for fabricating honeycomb-like porous CS films without special reagents, facilities, and techniques would make them accessible. Here we introduce an easily available method for fabricating honeycomb-like CS films without a strong acid/base, toxic reagents, or special facilities/techniques. An aqueous solution containing CS and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) was allowed to stand at 25 °C to evaporate water. After 3 days, CS–PNIPAm composite films with homogenously phase-separated PNIPAm particles were obtained. The PNIPAm particles were removed by immersion in methanol, and the resulting films dried under reduced pressure to become honeycomb-like porous CS films. The pore size could be varied in the range of 0.5–3.0 μm by altering the CS concentration and the molecular weight of CS where the pore size was reduced under conditions with stronger interaction between CS molecules. We reveal that the key to success with this system is the decrease of lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAm with water evaporation. In addition, we confirmed the removed PNIPAm was recyclable in this system. Furthermore, we found this method was also applicable to alginate. The proposed facile method for fabricating honeycomb-like porous polymeric films could provide various functional porous materials. A simple method for fabricating honeycomb-like porous chitosan films without special reagents, facilities, and techniques was achieved by using poly(N-isopropylacrylamide).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Izawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8550
- Japan
| | - H. Kajimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8550
- Japan
| | - M. Morimoto
- Division of Instrumental Analysis
- Research Center for Bioscience and Technology
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8550
- Japan
| | - H. Saimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8550
- Japan
| | - S. Ifuku
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
- Faculty of Engineering
- Tottori University
- Tottori 680-8550
- Japan
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27
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Gurikov P, S. P. R, Griffin JS, Steiner SA, Smirnova I. 110th Anniversary: Solvent Exchange in the Processing of Biopolymer Aerogels: Current Status and Open Questions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Gurikov
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Raman S. P.
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Justin S. Griffin
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC 1 Westinghouse Plaza, D157, Boston, Massachusetts 02136, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Steiner
- Aerogel Technologies, LLC 1 Westinghouse Plaza, D157, Boston, Massachusetts 02136, United States of America
| | - Irina Smirnova
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Thermal Separation Processes, Eißendorfer Str. 38, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
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