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Wang T, Kalalian C, Wang X, Li D, Perrier S, Chen J, Domine F, Zhang L, George C. Photoinduced Evolutions of Permafrost-Derived Carbon in Subarctic Thermokarst Pond Surface Waters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39292648 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c05320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2024]
Abstract
In subarctic regions, rising temperature and permafrost thaw lead to the formation of thermokarst ponds, where organics from eroding permafrost accumulate. Despite its environmental significance, limited knowledge exists regarding the photosensitivity of permafrost-derived carbon in these ponds. In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to explore the photochemical transformations of organic matter in surface water samples from thermokarst ponds from different environments in northern Quebec, Canada. One pond near Kuujjuarapik is characterized by the presence of a collapsing palsa and is therefore organically rich, while the other pond near Umiujaq is adjacent to a collapsing lithalsa and thus contains fewer organic matters. Photobleaching occurred in the Umiujaq sample upon irradiation, whereas the Kuujjuarapik sample exhibited an increase in light absorbance at wavelength related to aromatic functionalities, indicating different photochemical aging processes. Ultrahigh-resolution mass spectrometry analysis reveals that the Kuujjuarapik sample preferentially photoproduced highly unsaturated CHO compounds with great aromaticity, while the irradiated Umiujaq sample produced a higher proportion of CHON aromatics with reduced nitrogen functionalities. Overall, this study illustrates that the photochemical reactivity of thermokarst pond water varies with the source of organic matter. The observed differences in reactivity contribute to an improved understanding of the photochemical emission of volatile organic compounds discovered earlier. Further insights into the photoinduced evolutions in thermokarst ponds may require the classification of permafrost-derived carbon therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Xinke Wang
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Dandan Li
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS-INSU (France), Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Christian George
- Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, UMR 5256, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
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Wang T, Kalalian C, Fillion D, Perrier S, Chen J, Domine F, Zhang L, George C. Sunlight Induces the Production of Atmospheric Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Thermokarst Ponds. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17363-17373. [PMID: 37903215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c03303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Ground subsidence caused by permafrost thawing causes the formation of thermokarst ponds, where organic compounds from eroding permafrost accumulate. We photolyzed water samples from two such ponds in Northern Quebec and discovered the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using mass spectrometry. One pond near peat-covered permafrost mounds was organic-rich, while the other near sandy mounds was organic-poor. Compounds up to C10 were detected, comprising the atoms of O, N, and S. The main compounds were methanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone. Hourly VOC fluxes under actinic fluxes similar to local solar fluxes might reach up to 1.7 nmol C m-2 s-1. Unexpectedly, the fluxes of VOCs from the organic-poor pond were greater than those from the organic-rich pond. We suggest that different segregations of organics at the air/water interface may partly explain this observation. This study indicates that sunlit thermokarst ponds are a significant source of atmospheric VOCs, which may affect the environment and climate via ozone and aerosol formation. Further work is required for understanding the relationship between the pond's organic composition and VOC emission fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Carmen Kalalian
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Daniel Fillion
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS-INSU (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Florent Domine
- Takuvik Joint International Laboratory, Université Laval (Canada) and CNRS-INSU (France), Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université Laval, Pavillon Abitibi-Price, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Université Laval, Pavillon Alexandre-Vachon, Québec G1 V 0A6, Canada
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, IRCELYON, 69626 Villeurbanne, France
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Penezić A, Wang X, Perrier S, George C, Frka S. Interfacial photochemistry of marine diatom lipids: Abiotic production of volatile organic compounds and new particle formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 313:137510. [PMID: 36495976 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The global importance of abiotic oceanic production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) still presents a source of high uncertainties related to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A better understanding of the photochemistry occurring at the ocean-atmosphere interface is particularly important in that regard, as it covers >70% of the Earth's surface. In this work, we focused on the photochemical VOCs production at the air-water interface containing organic material from authentic culture of marine diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus. Abiotic VOCs production upon irradiation of material originating from total phytoplankton culture as well as the fraction containing only dissolved material was monitored by means of PTR-ToF-MS. Furthermore, isolated dissolved lipid fraction was investigated after its deposition at the air-water interface. All samples acted as a source of VOCs, producing saturated oxygenated compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, as well as unsaturated and functionalized compounds. Additionally, a significant increase in surfactant activity following irradiation experiments observed for all samples implied biogenic material photo-transformation at the air-water interface. The highest VOCs flux normalized per gram of carbon originated from lipid material, and the produced VOCs were introduced into an atmospheric simulation chamber, where particle formation was observed after its gas-phase ozonolysis. This work clearly demonstrates abiotic production of VOCs from phytoplankton derived organic material upon irradiation, facilitated by its presence at the air/water interface, with significant potential for affecting the global climate as a precursor of particle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abra Penezić
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Xinke Wang
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France; Now at Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697-2025, USA
| | - Sebastien Perrier
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christian George
- Université Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS, IRCELYON, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sanja Frka
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Plaas HE, Paerl RW, Baumann K, Karl C, Popendorf KJ, Barnard MA, Chang NY, Curtis NP, Huang H, Mathieson OL, Sanchez J, Maizel DJ, Bartenfelder AN, Braddy JS, Hall NS, Rossignol KL, Sloup R, Paerl HW. Harmful cyanobacterial aerosolization dynamics in the airshed of a eutrophic estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 852:158383. [PMID: 36057302 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In addition to obvious negative effects on water quality in eutrophic aquatic ecosystems, recent work suggests that cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CHABs) also impact air quality via emissions carrying cyanobacterial cells and cyanotoxins. However, the environmental controls on CHAB-derived aerosol and its potential public health impacts remain largely unknown. Accordingly, the aims of this study were to 1) investigate the occurrence of microcystins (MC) and putatively toxic cyanobacterial communities in particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5), 2) elucidate environmental conditions promoting their aerosolization, and 3) identify associations between CHABs and PM2.5 concentrations in the airshed of the Chowan River-Albemarle Sound, an oligohaline, eutrophic estuary in eastern North Carolina, USA. In summer 2020, during peak CHAB season, continuous PM2.5 samples and interval water samples were collected at two distinctive sites for targeted analyses of cyanobacterial community composition and MC concentration. Supporting air and water quality measurements were made in parallel to contextualize findings and permit statistical analyses of environmental factors driving changes in CHAB-derived aerosol. MC concentrations were low throughout the study, but a CHAB dominated by Dolichospermum occurred from late June to early August. Several aquatic CHAB genera recovered from Chowan River surface water were identified in PM2.5 during multiple time points, including Anabaena, Aphanizomenon, Dolichospermum, Microcystis, and Pseudanabaena. Cyanobacterial enrichment in PM2.5 was indistinctive between subspecies, but at one site during the early bloom, we observed the simultaneous enrichment of several cyanobacterial genera in PM2.5. In association with the CHAB, the median PM2.5 mass concentration increased to 8.97 μg m-3 (IQR = 5.15), significantly above the non-bloom background of 5.35 μg m-3 (IQR = 3.70) (W = 1835, p < 0.001). Results underscore the need for highly resolved temporal measurements to conclusively investigate the role that CHABs play in regional air quality and respiratory health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley E Plaas
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America.
| | - Ryan W Paerl
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Karsten Baumann
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Colleen Karl
- Chowan Edenton Environmental Group, PO Box 271, Tyner, NC 27980, United States of America
| | - Kimberly J Popendorf
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Malcolm A Barnard
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Naomi Y Chang
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel P Curtis
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Hwa Huang
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Olivia L Mathieson
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Joel Sanchez
- North Carolina State University, Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, Jordan Hall, 2800 Faucette Dr., Raleigh, NC 27607, United States of America
| | - Daniela J Maizel
- University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149, United States of America
| | - Amy N Bartenfelder
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Jeremy S Braddy
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Nathan S Hall
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Karen L Rossignol
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Randolph Sloup
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America
| | - Hans W Paerl
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Earth, Marine, and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell St., Morehead City, NC 28577, United States of America; UNC-Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, 135 Dauer Dr., Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States of America
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5
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Aregahegn KZ, Felber T, Tilgner A, Hoffmann EH, Schaefer T, Herrmann H. Kinetics and Mechanisms of Aqueous-Phase Reactions of Triplet-State Imidazole-2-carboxaldehyde and 3,4-Dimethoxybenzaldehyde with α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8727-8740. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kifle Z. Aregahegn
- Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, P.O. Box 445, 1000 Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
| | - Tamara Felber
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik H. Hoffmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
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6
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Alsante AN, Thornton DCO, Brooks SD. Ocean Aerobiology. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:764178. [PMID: 34777320 PMCID: PMC8586456 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.764178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean aerobiology is defined here as the study of biological particles of marine origin, including living organisms, present in the atmosphere and their role in ecological, biogeochemical, and climate processes. Hundreds of trillions of microorganisms are exchanged between ocean and atmosphere daily. Within a few days, tropospheric transport potentially disperses microorganisms over continents and between oceans. There is a need to better identify and quantify marine aerobiota, characterize the time spans and distances of marine microorganisms’ atmospheric transport, and determine whether microorganisms acclimate to atmospheric conditions and remain viable, or even grow. Exploring the atmosphere as a microbial habitat is fundamental for understanding the consequences of dispersal and will expand our knowledge of biodiversity, biogeography, and ecosystem connectivity across different marine environments. Marine organic matter is chemically transformed in the atmosphere, including remineralization back to CO2. The magnitude of these transformations is insignificant in the context of the annual marine carbon cycle, but may be a significant sink for marine recalcitrant organic matter over long (∼104 years) timescales. In addition, organic matter in sea spray aerosol plays a significant role in the Earth’s radiative budget by scattering solar radiation, and indirectly by affecting cloud properties. Marine organic matter is generally a poor source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), but a significant source of ice nucleating particles (INPs), affecting the formation of mixed-phase and ice clouds. This review will show that marine biogenic aerosol plays an impactful, but poorly constrained, role in marine ecosystems, biogeochemical processes, and the Earth’s climate system. Further work is needed to characterize the connectivity and feedbacks between the atmosphere and ocean ecosystems in order to integrate this complexity into Earth System models, facilitating future climate and biogeochemical predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Alsante
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Daniel C O Thornton
- Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Sarah D Brooks
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
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7
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Huang D, Wang J, Xia H, Zhang Y, Bao F, Li M, Chen C, Zhao J. Enhanced Photochemical Volatile Organic Compounds Release from Fatty Acids by Surface-Enriched Fe(III). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13448-13457. [PMID: 33081467 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c03793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Both Fe(III) and fatty acids are ubiquitous and important species in environmental waters. Because they are amphipathic, many fatty acids are surface active and prone to enrichment at the air-water interface. Here, we report that by using nonanoic acid (NA) as a model fatty acid, coexisting Fe(III), even at concentrations as low as 1 μM, markedly enhanced the photochemical release of NA-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as octanal and octane into the air. Further studies indicated that the surface-enriched fatty acids dramatically increase the local concentration of Fe(III) at the water surface, which enables Fe(III)-mediated photochemical reactions to take place at the air-water interface, and the VOCs facilely produced by fatty acid photooxidation can then be released into the air. Moreover, the product distribution in the Fe(III)-mediated reactions was largely different from that in other photochemical systems, and a mechanism based on photochemical decarboxylation is proposed. Considering that the coexistence of fatty acids and Fe(III) in the environment is common, the enhanced photochemical release of VOCs by surface-enriched fatty acids and Fe(III) may be an important channel for the atmospheric emission of VOCs, which are known to play an essential role in the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongling Xia
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Anglada JM, Martins-Costa MTC, Francisco JS, Ruiz-López MF. Photoinduced Oxidation Reactions at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16140-16155. [PMID: 32833454 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemistry on water is a fascinating area of research. The surface of water and the interfaces between water and air or hydrophobic media represent asymmetric environments with unique properties that lead to unexpected solvation effects on chemical and photochemical processes. Indeed, the features of interfacial reactions differ, often drastically, from those of bulk-phase reactions. In this Perspective, we focus on photoinduced oxidation reactions, which have attracted enormous interest in recent years because of their implications in many areas of chemistry, including atmospheric and environmental chemistry, biology, electrochemistry, and solar energy conversion. We have chosen a few representative examples of photoinduced oxidation reactions to focus on in this Perspective. Although most of these examples are taken from the field of atmospheric chemistry, they were selected because of their broad relevance to other areas. First, we outline a series of processes whose photochemistry generates hydroxyl radicals. These OH precursors include reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and sulfur dioxide. Second, we discuss processes involving the photooxidation of organic species, either directly or via photosensitization. The photochemistry of pyruvic acid and fatty acid, two examples that demonstrate the complexity and versatility of this kind of chemistry, is described. Finally, we discuss the physicochemical factors that can be invoked to explain the kinetics and thermodynamics of photoinduced oxidation reactions at aqueous interfaces and analyze a number of challenges that need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep M Anglada
- Departament de Química Biològica, IQAC-CSIC, c/Jordi Girona 18, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marilia T C Martins-Costa
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-631, United States
| | - Manuel F Ruiz-López
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, University of Lorraine, CNRS, BP 70239, 54506 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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9
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Luo M, Shemesh D, Sullivan MN, Alves MR, Song M, Gerber RB, Grassian VH. Impact of pH and NaCl and CaCl2 Salts on the Speciation and Photochemistry of Pyruvic Acid in the Aqueous Phase. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5071-5080. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Dorit Shemesh
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michael N. Sullivan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Michael R. Alves
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Meishi Song
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Research Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, United States
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10
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Sbai SE, Farida B. Study of Iodine Oxide Particles at the Air/Sea Interface in the Presence of Surfactants and Humic Acid. CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.23939/chcht13.03.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Huang Y, Barraza KM, Kenseth CM, Zhao R, Wang C, Beauchamp JL, Seinfeld JH. Probing the OH Oxidation of Pinonic Acid at the Air–Water Interface Using Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FIDI-MS). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6445-6456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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12
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Interfacial photochemistry at the ocean surface is a global source of organic vapors and aerosols. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2101. [PMID: 29844311 PMCID: PMC5974316 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04528-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface of the oceans acts as a global sink and source for trace gases and aerosol particles. Recent studies suggest that photochemical reactions at this air/water interface produce organic vapors, enhancing particle formation in the atmosphere. However, current model calculations neglect this abiotic source of reactive compounds and account only for biological emissions. Here we show that interfacial photochemistry serves as a major abiotic source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on a global scale, capable to compete with emissions from marine biology. Our results indicate global emissions of 23.2–91.9 TgC yr–1 of organic vapors from the oceans into the marine atmosphere and a potential contribution to organic aerosol mass of more than 60% over the remote ocean. Moreover, we provide global distributions of VOC formation potentials, which can be used as simple tools for field studies to estimate photochemical VOC emissions depending on location and season. Volatile organic compounds are photochemically produced in the ocean surface microlayer, but estimates are missing. Here the authors combine experiments and observations to quantify photochemical emissions of volatile organic compounds and show that they are comparable to biological production.
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13
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Rapf R, Perkins RJ, Dooley MR, Kroll JA, Carpenter BK, Vaida V. Environmental Processing of Lipids Driven by Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:624-630. [PMID: 29806009 PMCID: PMC5968514 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sunlight can initiate photochemical reactions of organic molecules though direct photolysis, photosensitization, and indirect processes, often leading to complex radical chemistry that can increase molecular complexity in the environment. α-Keto acids act as photoinitiators for organic species that are not themselves photoactive. Here, we demonstrate this capability through the reaction of two α-keto acids, pyruvic acid and 2-oxooctanoic acid, with a series of fatty acids and fatty alcohols. We show for five different cases that a cross-product between the photoinitiated α-keto acid and non-photoactive species is formed during photolysis in aqueous solution. Fatty acids and alcohols are relatively unreactive species, which suggests that α-keto acids are able to act as radical initiators for many atmospherically relevant molecules found in the sea surface microlayer and on atmospheric aerosol particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
J. Rapf
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Jay A. Kroll
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Barry K. Carpenter
- School
of Chemistry and the Physical Organic Chemistry Centre, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United
Kingdom
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research
in Environmental Sciences, University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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14
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Bersenkowitsch NK, Ončák M, van der Linde C, Herburger A, Beyer MK. Photochemistry of glyoxylate embedded in sodium chloride clusters, a laboratory model for tropospheric sea-salt aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8143-8151. [PMID: 29517776 PMCID: PMC5885371 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00399h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although marine aerosols undergo extensive photochemical processing in the troposphere, a molecular level understanding of the elementary steps involved in these complex reaction sequences is still missing.
Although marine aerosols undergo extensive photochemical processing in the troposphere, a molecular level understanding of the elementary steps involved in these complex reaction sequences is still missing. As a defined laboratory model system, the photodissociation of sea salt clusters doped with glyoxylate, [NanCln–2(C2HO3)]+, n = 5–11, is studied by a combination of mass spectrometry, laser spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. Glyoxylate acts as a chromophore, absorbing light below 400 nm via two absorption bands centered at about 346 and 231 nm. Cluster fragmentation dominates, which corresponds to internal conversion of the excited state energy into vibrational modes of the electronic ground state and subsequent unimolecular dissociation. Photochemical dissociation pathways in electronically excited states include CO and HCO elimination, leading to [Nan–xCln–x–2HCOO]+ and [NanCln–2COO˙]+ with typical quantum yields in the range of 1–3% and 5–10%, respectively, for n = 5. The latter species contains CO2˙– stabilized by the salt environment. The comparison of different cluster sizes shows that the fragments containing a carbon dioxide radical anion appear in a broad spectral region of 310–380 nm. This suggests that the elusive CO2˙– species may be formed by natural processes in the troposphere. Based on the photochemical cross sections obtained here, the photolysis lifetime of glyoxylate in a dry marine aerosol is estimated as 10 h. Quantum chemical calculations show that dissociation along the C–C bond in glyoxylic acid as well as glyoxylate embedded in the salt cluster occurs after reaching the S1/S0 conical intersection, while this conical intersection is absent in free glyoxylate ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina K Bersenkowitsch
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andreas Herburger
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
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16
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Rapf RJ, Dooley MR, Kappes K, Perkins RJ, Vaida V. pH Dependence of the Aqueous Photochemistry of α-Keto Acids. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:8368-8379. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b08192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Rapf
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Michael R. Dooley
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Keaten Kappes
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Russell J. Perkins
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Veronica Vaida
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental
Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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17
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Fatty Acid Surfactant Photochemistry Results in New Particle Formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12693. [PMID: 28978998 PMCID: PMC5627235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12601-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic interfaces that exist at the sea surface microlayer or as surfactant coatings on cloud droplets are highly concentrated and chemically distinct from the underlying bulk or overlying gas phase. Therefore, they may be potentially unique locations for chemical or photochemical reactions. Recently, photochemical production of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was reported at a nonanoic acid interface however, subsequent secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle production was incapable of being observed. We investigated SOA particle formation due to photochemical reactions occurring at an air-water interface in presence of model saturated long chain fatty acid and alcohol surfactants, nonanoic acid and nonanol, respectively. Ozonolysis of the gas phase photochemical products in the dark or under continued UV irradiation both resulted in nucleation and growth of SOA particles. Irradiation of nonanol did not yield detectable VOC or SOA production. Organic carbon functionalities of the SOA were probed using X-ray microspectroscopy and compared with other laboratory generated and field collected particles. Carbon-carbon double bonds were identified in the condensed phase which survived ozonolysis during new particle formation and growth. The implications of photochemical processes occurring at organic coated surfaces are discussed in the context of marine SOA particle atmospheric fluxes.
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18
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Xiao P, Wang Q, Fang WH, Cui G. Quantum Chemical Investigation on Photochemical Reactions of Nonanoic Acids at Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4253-4262. [PMID: 28513156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical reactions of organic compounds at the marine boundary layer have recently attracted significant experimental attention because this kind of photoreactions has been proposed to have substantial impact on local new particle formation and their photoproducts could be a source of secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we have employed first-principles density functional theory method combined with cluster models to systematically explore photochemical reaction pathways of nonanoic acids (NAs) to form volatile saturated and unsaturated C9 and C8 aldehydes at air-water interfaces. On the basis of the results, we have found that the formation of C9 aldehydes is not initiated by intermolecular Norrish type II reaction between two NAs but by intramolecular T1 C-O bond fission of NA generating acyl and hydroxyl radicals. Subsequently, saturated C9 aldehydes are formed through hydrogenation reaction of acyl radical by another intact NA. Following two dehydrogenation reactions, unsaturated C9 aldehydes are generated. In parallel, the pathway to C8 aldehydes is initiated by T1 C-C bond fission of NA, which generates octyl and carboxyl radicals; then, an octanol is formed through recombination reaction of octyl with hydroxyl radical. In the following, two dehydrogenation reactions result into an enol intermediate from which saturated C8 aldehydes are produced via NA-assisted intermolecular hydrogen transfer. Finally, two dehydrogenation reactions generate unsaturated C8 aldehydes. In these reactions, water and NA molecules are found to play important roles. They significantly reduce relevant reaction barriers. Our work has also explored oxygenation reactions of NA with molecular oxygen and radical-radical dimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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19
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Brüggemann M, Hayeck N, Bonnineau C, Pesce S, Alpert PA, Perrier S, Zuth C, Hoffmann T, Chen J, George C. Interfacial photochemistry of biogenic surfactants: a major source of abiotic volatile organic compounds. Faraday Discuss 2017; 200:59-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fd00022g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Films of biogenic compounds exposed to the atmosphere are ubiquitously found on the surfaces of cloud droplets, aerosol particles, buildings, plants, soils and the ocean. These air/water interfaces host countless amphiphilic compounds concentrated there with respect to in bulk water, leading to a unique chemical environment. Here, photochemical processes at the air/water interface of biofilm-containing solutions were studied, demonstrating abiotic VOC production from authentic biogenic surfactants under ambient conditions. Using a combination of online-APCI-HRMS and PTR-ToF-MS, unsaturated and functionalized VOCs were identified and quantified, giving emission fluxes comparable to previous field and laboratory observations. Interestingly, VOC fluxes increased with the decay of microbial cells in the samples, indicating that cell lysis due to cell death was the main source for surfactants and VOC production. In particular, irradiation of samples containing solely biofilm cells without matrix components exhibited the strongest VOC production upon irradiation. In agreement with previous studies, LC-MS measurements of the liquid phase suggested the presence of fatty acids and known photosensitizers, possibly inducing the observed VOC productionviaperoxy radical chemistry. Up to now, such VOC emissions were directly accounted to high biological activity in surface waters. However, the results obtained suggest that abiotic photochemistry can lead to similar emissions into the atmosphere, especially in less biologically-active regions. Furthermore, chamber experiments suggest that oxidation (O3/OH radicals) of the photochemically-produced VOCs leads to aerosol formation and growth, possibly affecting atmospheric chemistry and climate-related processes, such as cloud formation or the Earth’s radiation budget.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalie Hayeck
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- IRCELYON
- Villeurbanne
| | - Chloé Bonnineau
- Irstea
- UR MALY
- Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Stéphane Pesce
- Irstea
- UR MALY
- Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne
- F-69616 Villeurbanne
- France
| | - Peter A. Alpert
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- IRCELYON
- Villeurbanne
| | | | - Christoph Zuth
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Thorsten Hoffmann
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3)
- Fudan Tyndall Centre
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Christian George
- Univ Lyon
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
- CNRS
- IRCELYON
- Villeurbanne
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