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Tao M, Liu Q, Schauer JJ. Direct measurement of the deposition of submicron soot particles on leaves of Platanus acerifolia tree. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:2336-2344. [PMID: 36278318 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00328g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Submicron soot particles (<1.0 μm in aerodynamic diameter) are responsible for global warming and health burdens worldwide. However, studies on bio-monitoring of submicron soot particles and their associated sources by using tree leaves are not comprehensively illustrated. Here, we determined the seasonal trends of submicron soot particles on the leaves of the Platanus acerifolia collected from two cities (Lu'an, Anhui Province, and Nanjing, Jiangsu Province) in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. The source apportionment of submicron soot particles was performed using stable carbon isotopic analyses. Significant seasonal trends of submicron soot particles were observed in two cities with averaged levels of 0.41-1.36 mg m-2 in cold seasons and averaged levels of 0.13-0.24 mg m-2 in warm seasons. The levels of δ13C for submicron soot at the suburban site of Lu'an city were observed to be in the range of -25.6‰ to -18.2‰ with fossil fuels dominated (∼58%) in summer and -23.0‰ to -15.6‰ with biomass burning dominated in winter (∼67%). In comparison, the ranges in the levels of δ13C in submicron soot were found to be from -26.5‰ to -20.4‰ in winter, and -24.2‰ to -17.9‰ in summer at the urban site of Nanjing. Fossil fuels accounted for a large fraction of submicron soot with average contributions of 53% in winter and 73% in summer, respectively. These findings demonstrate that Platanus acerifolia trees could be used as an effective and low-cost bio-monitoring tool for monitoring the pollution status of submicron soot and associated source contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Tao
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Qingyang Liu
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - James J Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Ponette-González AG, Chen D, Elderbrock E, Rindy JE, Barrett TE, Luce BW, Lee JH, Ko Y, Weathers KC. Urban edge trees: Urban form and meteorology drive elemental carbon deposition to canopies and soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 314:120197. [PMID: 36189483 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Urban tree canopies are a significant sink for atmospheric elemental carbon (EC)--an air pollutant that is a powerful climate-forcing agent and threat to human health. Understanding what controls EC deposition to urban trees is therefore important for evaluating the potential role of vegetation in air pollution mitigation strategies. We estimated wet, dry, and throughfall EC deposition for oak trees at 53 sites in Denton, TX. Spatial data and airborne discrete-return LiDAR were used to compute predictors of EC deposition, including urban form characteristics, and meteorologic and topographic factors. Dry and throughfall EC deposition varied 14-fold across this urban ecosystem and exhibited significant variability from spring to fall. Generalized additive modeling and multiple linear regression analyses showed that urban form strongly influenced tree-scale variability in dry EC deposition: traffic count as well as road length and building height within 100-150 m of trees were positively related to leaf-scale dry deposition. Rainfall amount and extreme wind-driven rain from the direction of major pollution sources were significant drivers of throughfall EC. Our findings indicate that complex configurations of roads, buildings, and vegetation produce "urban edge trees" that contribute to heterogeneous EC deposition patterns across urban systems, with implications for greenspace planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra G Ponette-González
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA.
| | - Dongmei Chen
- Department of Geography, 1251 University of Oregon, Eugene OR 97403-1251, USA
| | - Evan Elderbrock
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
| | - Jenna E Rindy
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Tate E Barrett
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Brett W Luce
- Department of Geography and the Environment, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle #305279, Denton, TX 76203, USA
| | - Jun-Hak Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
| | - Yekang Ko
- Department of Landscape Architecture, 5249 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-5249, USA
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Takahashi K, Ohta A, Sase H, Murao N, Takada K, Yamaguchi M, Nakaba S, Watanabe M, Izuta T. Seasonal variations in the amount of black carbon particles deposited on the leaf surfaces of nine Japanese urban greening tree species and their related factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2022; 25:252-262. [PMID: 35549775 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2072808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As black carbon (BC) particles can be deposited on the leaf surfaces, urban greening is considered to be effective in purifying urban air. However, little information on the seasonal variations in the amount of BC particles deposited on the leaf surfaces (BC amount on the leaves) is available in Japanese urban greening tree species. Therefore, we investigated seasonal variations in the BC amount on the leaves of evergreen (Quercus glauca, Quercus myrsinaefolia, Osmanthus fragrans and Ilex rotunda) and deciduous (Zelkova serrata, Styrax japonica, Magnolia kobus, Cornus kousa and Cornus florida) broad-leaved tree species. The BC amount on the leaves tended to increase from April for different periods, and then reached a saturated state in the tree species, excluding M. kobus. In the 4 evergreen broad-leaved trees, the seasonal variation was positively correlated with the atmospheric concentration of BC particle. In the 5 deciduous broad-leaved trees, the seasonal variation was negatively and positively correlated with the water-repellence (water droplet contact angle) and the amount of epicuticular wax on the leaf surface, respectively. Therefore, the BC amounts on the leaves of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved urban tree species are considered to be mainly regulated by environmental factors and leaf surface characteristics, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akari Ohta
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Murao
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Keiichi Takada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakaba
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Watanabe
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izuta
- Institute of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
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Rindy JE, Ponette-González AG, Barrett TE, Sheesley RJ, Weathers KC. Urban Trees Are Sinks for Soot: Elemental Carbon Accumulation by Two Widespread Oak Species. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:10092-10101. [PMID: 31403775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Urban trees could represent important short- and long-term landscape sinks for elemental carbon (EC). Therefore, we quantified foliar EC accumulation by two widespread oak tree species-Quercus stellata (post oak) and Quercus virginiana (live oak)-as well as leaf litterfall EC flux to soil from April 2017 to March 2018 in the City of Denton, Texas, within the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. Post oak trees accumulated 1.9-fold more EC (299 ± 45 mg EC m-2 canopy yr-1) compared to live oak trees (160 ± 31 mg EC m-2 canopy yr-1). However, in the fall, these oak species converged in their EC accumulation rates, with ∼70% of annual accumulation occurring during fall and on leaf surfaces. The flux of EC to the ground via leaf litterfall mirrored leaf-fall patterns, with post oaks and live oaks delivering ∼60% of annual leaf litterfall EC in fall and early spring, respectively. We estimate that post oak and live oak trees in this urban ecosystem potentially accumulate 3.5 t EC yr-1, equivalent to ∼32% of annual vehicular EC emissions from the city. Thus, city trees are significant sinks for EC and represent potential avenues for climate and air quality mitigation in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna E Rindy
- Department of Geography and the Environment , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305279 , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Alexandra G Ponette-González
- Department of Geography and the Environment , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305279 , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Tate E Barrett
- Department of Geography and the Environment , University of North Texas , 1155 Union Circle #305279 , Denton , Texas 76203 , United States
| | - Rebecca J Sheesley
- Department of Environmental Science , Baylor University , 1 Bear Place #97266 , Waco , Texas 76798 , United States
| | - Kathleen C Weathers
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies , Box AB , Millbrook , New York 12545 , United States
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Yan G, Cong L, Zhai J, Wu Y, Dai L, Zhang Z. Particle removal in polluted cities: Insights from the wash-off process dynamics for different wetland plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:114-121. [PMID: 31150902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is a threat to human health. Wetland plants were confirmed to accumulate particles on the leaf surface; at the same time, rainfall could wash-off particles and accelerate the whole removal process, however, the dynamic processes occurring during rainfall events on wetland plants remain unclear. In order to provide sustainable strategies for authorities to take measures, we need to figure out how to reduce PM on leave surface by artificial rainfall efficiently. Four wetland species (Scirpus validus, Typha orientalis, Phragmites australis, and Iris wilsonii) were selected to examine for leave surface accumulation and simulate the experiment. We estimated the wash-off ability of rainfalls with three different intensities (15, 30, and 60 mm h-1) and determined the proportions of different PM size-fractions washed by the rains. The results showed that particles accumulated on the surface could be washed off efficiently (78% ∼ 89%) by the simulated rainfalls. The removal rates were high in the first 30 min and large particles comprised a large proportion of the removed particles. The rainfall with the intensity of 30 mm h-1 removed the most particles among three different rainfall intensities. When the rainfall intensity increased, fine particles (PM2.5) could be washed off more easily. Moreover, with a thinner wax layer, fine particles on wetland plants' leaf surfaces might be more easily removed by the rains. While wash off the plants, spraying rains with the intensity of 30 mm h-1 for about 30 min every time (high intensity with shorter time) may be particle removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Yan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ling Cong
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liyi Dai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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