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Kandukuri B, Das S, Mudadla UR, Madras G, Thatikonda S, Challapalli S. Non-thermal plasma mitigation of low concentration of air pollutants: removal of isopropyl alcohol using transition metal-oxide integration. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32569-7. [PMID: 38416355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32569-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The present work studied the decomposition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA), widely used in chemical industries and households, in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor. Metal oxide (MOx) coated on γ-Al2O3 (M = Cu, Mn, Co) was utilized for packing. The plasma-packed mode was a likely alternative to the conventional removal techniques, as it aids the conversion of dilute concentrations of IPA to CO and CO2 at ambient conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure). The mean electron energy calculations suggest that electrons with higher energy are generated when the discharge zone is packed with catalysts. When comparing IPA conversion (input concentration of 25 ppm) for no packing mode and MOx/γ-Al2O3 coupled plasma mode, the latter method enhances conversion to greater than 90% at an applied voltage of 18 kV. Also, MOx/γ-Al2O3 showed the highest selectivity to CO2 (70%) compared to plasma-only mode (45%). The metal-oxide layer provides the necessary catalytic surface facilitating the oxidation of IPA to COx through active oxygen species or the interaction of surface hydroxyl groups. The use of MOx/γ-Al2O3 resulted in about 90% carbon balance and reduced ozone generation, demonstrating the significance of integrating metal oxide to achieve efficient conversion and maximal selectivity towards the desired products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhargavi Kandukuri
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502 285, India
| | - Supriya Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502 285, India
| | | | - Giridhar Madras
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502 285, India
| | - Shashidhar Thatikonda
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, 502 285, India
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Plasma and Superconductivity for the Sustainable Development of Energy and the Environment. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15114092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this review is to present the current state of the research and applications of superconductivity and plasma technologies in the field of energy and environmental protection. An additional goal is to attract the attention of specialists, university students and readers interested in the state of energy and the natural environment and in how to protect them and ensure their sustainable development. Modern energy systems and the natural environment do not develop in a sustainable manner, thus providing future generations with access to energy that is generated from renewable sources and that does not degrade the natural environment. Most of the energy technologies used today are based on non-renewable sources. Power contained in fuel is irretrievably lost, and the quality of the energy is lowered. It is accompanied by the emissions of fossil fuel combustion products into the atmosphere, which pollutes the natural environment. Environmental problems, such as the production of gaseous and solid pollutants and their emission into the atmosphere, climate change, ozone depletion and acid rains, are discussed. For the problem of air pollution, the effects of combustion products in the form of carbon oxides, sulfur and nitrogen compounds are analyzed. The plasma and superconductivity phenomena, as well as their most important parameters, properties and classifications, are reviewed. In the case of atmospheric pressure plasma generation, basic information about technological gas composition, pressure, discharge type, electromagnetic field specification, electrode geometry, voltage supply systems, etc., are presented. For the phenomenon of superconductivity, attention is mainly paid to the interdependencies between Tc, magnetic flux density Bc and current density Jc parameters. Plasma technologies and superconductivity can offer innovative and energy-saving solutions for power engineering and environmental problems through decreasing the effects of energy production, conversion and distribution for the environment and by reductions in power losses and counteracting energy quality degradation. This paper presents an overview of the application of technologies using plasma and superconductivity phenomena in power engineering and in environmental protection processes. This review of plasma technologies, related to reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and the transformation and valorization of industrial waste for applications in energy and environmental engineering, is carried out. In particular, the most plasma-based approaches for carbon oxides, sulfur and nitrogen compounds removal are discussed. The most common plasma reactors used in fuel reforming technologies, such as dielectric barrier discharge, microwave discharge and gliding-arc discharge, are described. The advantages of solid waste treatment using plasma arc techniques are introduced. Applications of superconductors for energy generation, conversion and transmission can be divided into two main groups with respect to the conducted current (DC and AC) and into three groups with respect to the employed property (zero resistivity, ideal magnetism/flux trapping and quench transition). Among the superconductivity applications of electrical machines, devices for improving energy quality and storage and high field generation are described. An example that combines the phenomena of hot plasma and superconductivity is thermonuclear fusion. It is a hope for solving the world’s energy problems and for creating a virtually inexhaustible, sustainable and waste-free source of energy for many future generations.
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Kong C, Yao S, Wu Z, Li J, Li G, Zhu J. Promotion Mechanism of CaSO 4 and Au in the Plasma-Assisted Catalytic Oxidation of Diesel Particulate Matter. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8640-8650. [PMID: 35309445 PMCID: PMC8928516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-assisted catalysis has been demonstrated to be an innovative technology for eliminating diesel particulate matter (DPM) efficiently at low temperature (≤200 °C). Moreover, past studies have demonstrated that CaSO4, which exists in small concentrations (<2%) in DPM and is toxic in thermal catalytic oxidation processes, actually enhances DPM oxidation during plasma-assisted catalytic processes. However, the role CaSO4 plays in this promotion of DPM oxidation still remains unclear. The present study addresses this issue by investigating the underlying mechanisms of DPM oxidation during plasma-assisted catalytic processes using graphitic carbon as a surrogate DPM material in conjunction with CaSO4- and Au-impregnated γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The results of mass spectrometry and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, which employs an in situ cell with a small dielectric barrier discharge space over the catalyst bed, demonstrate that CaSO4 can save and release O atoms contributing to graphite oxidation via the -S=O units of CaSO4 through a reversible surface reaction (-S=O + O → -S(-O)2). The results are employed to propose a formal mechanism of graphite oxidation catalyzed by CaSO4 and Au. These findings both improve our understanding of the plasma-assisted catalytic oxidation mechanisms of DPM and support the development of efficient plasma-assisted catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengrong Kong
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jing Li
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Construction Technology of Precast Concrete of
Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Guojian Li
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- Engineering
Research Center of Construction Technology of Precast Concrete of
Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- School
of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Advanced Plasma Catalysis
Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
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Zhu D, Chen Z, Li J, Wu Z, Gao E, Wang W, Yao S. Evaluation of Au/γ-Al 2O 3 nanocatalyst for plasma-catalytic decomposition of toluene. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 285:131474. [PMID: 34329130 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The emission of toluene into the atmosphere can seriously affect the environmental quality and endanger human health. A dielectric barrier discharge reactor filled with a small amount of Au nanocatalysts was used to decompose toluene in He and O2 gases mixtures at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Normally, the oxidation of toluene using Au nanocatalysts suffers from low reaction activity and facile catalyst deactivation. Herein, the effects of Au loading, calcination time and calcination temperature were systematically investigated. It was found that 0.1 wt%Au/γ-Al2O3 calcined at 300 °C for 5 h can keep an average size around 6 nm with good dispersion on γ-Al2O3 surface and display the best catalytic performance. Moreover, the influences of energy density, gas flow rate, toluene concentration and O2 concentration on toluene degradation using 0.1 wt%Au/γ-Al2O3 were evaluated. It showed the best catalytic performance of near 100% conversion for toluene degradation under the reaction conditions of the energy density was 20 J/L, the gas flow rate was 300 mL/min, the concentration of toluene was 376 mg/m3 and the oxygen content was 10%. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, the values of reaction constant k were 8.6 × 10-5, 3.53 × 10-5 and 3.09 × 10-5 m6/(mol*J), when O2 concentration, power or flow rate changed, respectively. Therefore, O2 concentration has the greatest effect on toluene decomposition compared to other factors in the presence of Au/γ-Al2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Zhizong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, 310018, China; Focused Photonics (Hangzhou) Inc., Zhejiang, 310052, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China.
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Erhao Gao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; Advanced Plasma Catalysis Engineering Laboratory for China Petrochemical Industry, Changzhou University, Jiangsu, 213164, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang, 310018, China.
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Lu H, Yao X, Li J, Yao S, Wu Z, Zhang H, Lin H, Nozaki T. Mechanism on the plasma-catalytic oxidation of graphitic carbon over Au/γ-Al 2O 3 by in situ plasma DRIFTS-mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122730. [PMID: 32344365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasma-catalytic oxidation of particulate matter (PM) has potential applications for diesel exhaust cleaning. There is a grand requirement to explore the mechanism of carbonaceous PM oxidation for the development of plasma catalysts. Herein, Au/γ-Al2O3 was used to catalyze the gasification of the graphitic carbon. A modified diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometer equipped with a mass spectrometer was originally utilized to in situ characterize the surface intermediates of graphite on Au/γ-Al2O3 and the gaseous products during the discharges processes in the O2-He balanced gases. It was found that O atoms and O3 play important roles in the formation of surface oxygen complexes (SOCs) and facilitate the gasification of SOCs to CO2 in the presence of Au/γ-Al2O3. The findings are helpful to understand the plasma-catalytic oxidation mechanism of PM and further develop efficient plasma catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xinlei Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Huanhuan Zhang
- Henan Bolian Smart Green Technology Group Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Hanghao Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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Wang Z, Kuang H, Zhang J, Zhang W, Chu L, Yu C, Ji Y. Diesel engine exhaust denitration using non-thermal plasma with activated carbon. REACT CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0re00227e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A diesel engine de-NOx system combining non-thermal plasma and activated carbon was set up. The de-NOx efficiency reaches 91.8% and 92.5% for simulated gas and real exhaust gas, respectively. It has good potential to replace vanadium-based SCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongyu Wang
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Hailang Kuang
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute of Tsinghua University
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Lilin Chu
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Chunrong Yu
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
| | - Yulong Ji
- College of Marine Engineering
- Dalian Maritime University
- Dalian 116026
- China
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Yao S, Chen Z, Weng S, Mao L, Zhang X, Han J, Wu Z, Lu H, Tang X, Jiang B, Nozaki T. Mechanism of CO 2-formation promotion by Au in plasma-catalytic oxidation of CH 4 over Au/γ-Al 2O 3 at room temperature. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 373:698-704. [PMID: 30959283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The plasma-catalytic oxidation of methane (CH4) is a potential reaction for controlling CH4 emissions at low temperatures. However, the mechanism of the CH4 plasma-catalytic oxidation is still unknown, which inhibits the further optimization of the oxidation process. Herein, a CH4 oxidation mechanism over an Au/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was proposed based on our experimental findings. CH4 is first decomposed to CH3 and H by the discharge, and a fraction of the CH3 is adsorbed on γ-Al2O3 surface for deep oxidation. The oxygen atoms produced by the discharge react with H2O to yield surface reactive OH groups that contribute to the CH3 oxidation. Oxygen atoms also promote the release of H2O from the surfaces of the γ-Al2O3 and Au/γ-Al2O3 and especially promote CO2 desorption from the surface of the Au/γ-Al2O3. When γ-Al2O3 was used as the catalyst, the CO2 selectivity was only 15 vol.%, and the CH4 conversion decreased after 7 h of plasma-catalytic oxidation. In contrast, when Au/γ-Al2O3 was used, the CO2 selectivity was 80 vol.%, long-term CH4 conversion was obtained. Experimental results revealed that Au was beneficial for the decomposition of surface carbonate species into gaseous CO2, whereas the carbonate species accumulated on γ-Al2O3 when Au was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China; School of Environmental and Safety Engineering, Changzhou University, Jiangsu 213164, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhizong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Shan Weng
- Focused Photonics (Hangzhou) Inc., Zhejiang 310052, China
| | - Linai Mao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xuming Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Jingyi Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Hao Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Xiujuan Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China
| | - Boqiong Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Zhejiang 310018, China.
| | - Tomohiro Nozaki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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