1
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Vinograd VL, Bukaemskiy AA, Deissmann G, Modolo G. Thermodynamic model of the oxidation of Ln-doped UO 2. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17944. [PMID: 37863981 PMCID: PMC10589314 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Ln-doped UO2 is often considered as a model system of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) helping to reveal effects of fission and activation products on its chemical stability. Comparing thermodynamics of UO2-UO3 and LnO1.5-UO2-UO3 systems provides a means to understand the phenomenon of an increased resistivity of Ln-doped UO2 to oxidation in air relative to pure UO2. Here a thermodynamic model is developed and is applied to investigate detailed phase changes occurring along the oxidation of Ln-doped fluorite to U3O8. The study proposes that an enhanced resistivity to oxidation of Ln-doped UO2 is likely caused by a thermodynamically driven partitioning of Ln between a fluorite-type phase and a U3O8 polymorph, which at ambient temperatures becomes hindered by slow diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Vinograd
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Nuclear Waste Management (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany.
| | - A A Bukaemskiy
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Nuclear Waste Management (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - G Deissmann
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Nuclear Waste Management (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
| | - G Modolo
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research-Nuclear Waste Management (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
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2
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Roach JM, Manukyan KV, Majumdar A, Dede S, Oliver AG, Burns PC, Aprahamian A. Hyperstoichiometric Uranium Dioxides: Rapid Synthesis and Irradiation-Induced Structural Changes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18938-18949. [PMID: 34889599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Uranium dioxide (UO2), the primary fuel for commercial nuclear reactors, incorporates excess oxygen forming a series of hyperstoichiometric oxides. Thin layers of these oxides, such as UO2.12, form readily on the fuel surface and influence its properties, performance, and potentially geologic disposal. This work reports a rapid and straightforward combustion process in uranyl nitrate-glycine-water solutions to prepare UO2.12 nanomaterials and thin films. We also report on the investigation of the structural changes induced in the material by irradiation. Despite the simple processing aspects, the combustion synthesis of UO2.12 has a sophisticated chemical mechanism involving several exothermic steps. Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements reveal the formation of a complex compound containing the uranyl moiety, glycine, H2O, and NO3- groups in reactive solutions and dried combustion precursors. Combustion diagnostic methods, gas-phase mass spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and extracted activation energies from DSC measurements show that the rate-limiting step of the process is the reaction of ammonia with nitrogen oxides formed from the decomposition of glycine and uranyl nitrate, respectively. However, the exothermic decomposition of the complex compound determines the maximum temperature of the process. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and electron diffraction measurements show that the decomposition of the complex compound directly produces UO2. The incorporation of oxygen at the cooling stage of the combustion process is responsible for the formation of UO2.12. Spin coating of the solutions and brief annealing at 670 K allow the deposition of uniform films of UO2.12 with thicknesses up to 300 nm on an aluminum substrate. Irradiation of films with Ar2+ ions (1.7 MeV energy, a fluence of up to 1 × 1017 ions/cm2) shows unusual defect-simulated grain growth and enhanced chemical mixing of UO2.12 with the substrate due to the high uranium ion diffusion in films. The method described in this work allows the preparation of actinide oxide targets for fundamental nuclear science research and studies associated with stockpile stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Roach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Khachatur V Manukyan
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ashabari Majumdar
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Stefania Dede
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Allen G Oliver
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Peter C Burns
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Ani Aprahamian
- Nuclear Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.,A. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory of Armenia, 2 Alikhanyan Brothers, 0036 Yerevan, Armenia
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3
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Ma Y, Cheng X, Kang M, Yang G, Yin M, Wang J, Gang S. Factors influencing the reduction of U(VI) by magnetite. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 254:126855. [PMID: 32361538 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Under suboxic and anoxic environments, magnetite is one corrosion product of iron being used in nuclear waste canisters. Previous studies have reported a complete reduction of U(VI) on the surfaces of biogenic and natural magnetite crystals, while incomplete reductions to U(V)/U(IV)-containing species have been observed on chemosynthetic magnetite. To date, the reasons behind such disparities remain poorly studied. This study shows that uranyl nitrate or uranyl acetate is mainly reduced to UO2+x oxides (e.g., U4O9, U3O8, etc.) by chemosynthetic magnetite under acidic conditions. When extra zero valent-iron was added, the reaction rate was significantly increased, and an improved but still incomplete U(VI) reduction was observed. Nitrate and ferric ions are ubiquitous in natural environment. Results demonstrate that the nitrate ion associated with uranyl and the ferric ion contained in magnetite or generated from U(VI) reduction have a non-negligible oxidative effect on the final products, which could mainly account for the incomplete reduction of U(VI) by chemosynthetic magnetite in the absence or presence of extra zero valent-iron observed in this study. Furthermore, the surface loading of uranium in U-Fe systems can, in part, unravel the discrepancies in various observations. An enhanced understanding of the U-Fe reaction mechanism can facilitate predictions of the extent of uranium mobility with respect to nuclear waste disposal and radioactive decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China
| | - Mingliang Kang
- Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China.
| | - Guangze Yang
- State Nuclear Uranium Resource Development CO., LTD, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Meiling Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, 230 Waihuan Street, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, 230 Waihuan Street, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Song Gang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, 230 Waihuan Street, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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4
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Soulié A, Baldinozzi G, Garrido F, Crocombette JP. Clusters of Oxygen Interstitials in UO2+x and α-U4O9: Structure and Arrangements. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12678-12688. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Soulié
- CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gianguido Baldinozzi
- SPMS, CNRS, Centrale Supélec, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Frédérico Garrido
- CSNSM, CNRS, IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Bât. 104−108, Orsay Campus, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Jean-Paul Crocombette
- CEA, DEN, Service de Recherches de Métallurgie Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Flitcroft JM, Symington AR, Molinari M, Brincat NA, Williams NR, Parker SC. Impact of Hydrogen on the Intermediate Oxygen Clusters and Diffusion in Fluorite Structured UO 2+ x. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:3774-3779. [PMID: 30835457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Uranium dioxide is the most prevalent nuclear fuel. Defect clusters are known to be present in significant concentrations in hyperstoichoimetric uranium oxide, UO2+ x, and have a significant impact on the corrosion of the material. A detailed understanding of the defect clusters that form is required for accurate diffusion models in UO2+ x. Using ab initio calculations, we show that at low excess oxygen concentration, where defects are mostly isolated oxygen interstitials, hydrogen stabilizes the initial clustering. The simplest cluster at this low excess oxygen stoichiometry consists of a pair of oxygen ions bound to an oxygen vacancy, namely the split mono-interstital, which resembles larger split interstitials clusters in UO2+ x. Our data shows that, depending on local hydrogen concertation, the presence of hydrogen stabilizes this cluster over isolated oxygen interstitials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Flitcroft
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Adam R Symington
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
| | - Marco Molinari
- Department of Chemistry , University of Huddersfield , Queensgate , Huddersfield HD1 3DH , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Stephen C Parker
- Department of Chemistry , University of Bath , Bath BA2 7AY , United Kingdom
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6
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Ma Y, Garcia P, Lechelle J, Miard A, Desgranges L, Baldinozzi G, Simeone D, Fischer HE. Characterization of Oxygen Defect Clusters in UO2+x Using Neutron Scattering and PDF Analysis. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7064-7076. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- CEA/DEN/DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Philippe Garcia
- CEA/DEN/DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Jacques Lechelle
- CEA/DEN/DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Audrey Miard
- CEA/DEN/DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | - Lionel Desgranges
- CEA/DEN/DEC, Centre de Cadarache, 13108 Saint-Paul lez Durance, France
| | | | | | - Henry E. Fischer
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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7
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Direct observation of pure pentavalent uranium in U 2O 5 thin films by high resolution photoemission spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8306. [PMID: 29844333 PMCID: PMC5974404 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin films of the elusive intermediate uranium oxide U2O5 have been prepared by exposing UO3 precursor multilayers to atomic hydrogen. Electron photoemission spectra measured about the uranium 4f core-level doublet contain sharp satellites separated by 7.9(1) eV from the 4f main lines, whilst satellites characteristics of the U(IV) and U(VI) oxidation states, expected respectively at 6.9(1) and 9.7(1) eV from the main 4f lines, are absent. This shows that uranium ions in the films are in a pure pentavalent oxidation state, in contrast to previous investigations of binary oxides claiming that U(V) occurs only as a metastable intermediate state coexisting with U(IV) and U(VI) species. The ratio between the 5f valence band and 4f core-level uranium photoemission intensities decreases by about 50% from UO2 to U2O5, which is consistent with the 5f 2 (UO2) and 5f 1 (U2O5) electronic configurations of the initial state. Our studies conclusively establish the stability of uranium pentoxide.
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8
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Murphy GL, Wang CH, Beridze G, Zhang Z, Kimpton JA, Avdeev M, Kowalski PM, Kennedy BJ. Unexpected Crystallographic Phase Transformation in Nonstoichiometric SrUO4–x: Reversible Oxygen Defect Ordering and Symmetry Lowering with Increasing Temperature. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:5948-5958. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Chun-Hai Wang
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - George Beridze
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA High-Performance
Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Zhaoming Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Justin A. Kimpton
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Maxim Avdeev
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Piotr M. Kowalski
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research (IEK-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52428 Jülich, Germany
- JARA High-Performance
Computing, Schinkelstrasse 2, 52062 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brendan J. Kennedy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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9
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Kvashnina KO, Kowalski PM, Butorin SM, Leinders G, Pakarinen J, Bès R, Li H, Verwerft M. Trends in the valence band electronic structures of mixed uranium oxides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:9757-9760. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The valence band electronic structures of mixed uranium oxides (UO2, U4O9, U3O7, U3O8, and β-UO3) have been studied using the resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) technique at the U M5 edge and computational methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina O. Kvashnina
- Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF – The European Synchrotron
- CS40220
- 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9
- France
- Helmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)
| | - Piotr M. Kowalski
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- IEK-6
- Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Molecular and Condensed Matter Physics
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-751 20 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - Gregory Leinders
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
| | - Janne Pakarinen
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
| | - René Bès
- Department of Applied Physics
- Aalto University
- FI-00076 Aalto
- Finland
| | - Haijian Li
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research
- IEK-6
- Nuclear Waste Management and Reactor Safety
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH
- 52428 Jülich
| | - Marc Verwerft
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK·CEN)
- Institute for Nuclear Materials Science
- B-2400 Mol
- Belgium
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10
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Bahl S, Peuget S, Pidchenko I, Pruessmann T, Rothe J, Dardenne K, Delrieu J, Fellhauer D, Jégou C, Geckeis H, Vitova T. Pu Coexists in Three Oxidation States in a Borosilicate Glass: Implications for Pu Solubility. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:13982-13990. [PMID: 29087699 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pu(III), Pu(IV), and a higher oxidation state of Pu, likely Pu(VI), are for the first time characterized simultaneously present in a borosilicate glass using Pu M5 edge high energy resolution X-ray absorption near edge structure (HR-XANES) technique. We illustrate that the method can be very efficiently used to determine Pu oxidation states, which control the solubility limit of Pu in a glass matrix. HR-XANES results show that the addition of excess Si3N4 is not sufficient for complete reduction of Pu to Pu(III), which has a relatively high solubility limit (9-22 wt % Pu) due to its network-modifying behavior in glasses. We provide evidence that the initially added Pu(VI) might be partly preserved during vitrification at 1200/1400 °C in Ar atmosphere. Pu(VI) could be very advantageous for vitrification of Pu-rich wastes, since it might reach solubility limits of 40 wt % comparable to U(VI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Bahl
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sylvain Peuget
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Ivan Pidchenko
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tim Pruessmann
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jörg Rothe
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kathy Dardenne
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julien Delrieu
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - David Fellhauer
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christophe Jégou
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, CEA Valrhô Marcoule, UMR 5257 , BP 17171, 30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Horst Geckeis
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tonya Vitova
- Institute for Nuclear Waste Disposal, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Desgranges L, Ma Y, Garcia P, Baldinozzi G, Siméone D, Fischer HE. What Is the Actual Local Crystalline Structure of Uranium Dioxide, UO 2? A New Perspective for the Most Used Nuclear Fuel. Inorg Chem 2016; 56:321-326. [PMID: 27977186 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Up to now, uranium dioxide, the most used nuclear fuel, was said to have a Fm3̅m crystalline structure from 30 to 3000 K, and its behavior was modeled under this assumption. However, recently X-ray diffraction experiments provided atomic pair-distribution functions of UO2, in which UO distance was shorter than the expected value for the Fm3̅m space group. Here we show neutron diffraction results that confirm this shorter UO bond, and we also modeled the corresponding pair-distribution function showing that UO2 has a local Pa3̅ symmetry. The existence of a local lower symmetry in UO2 could explain some unexpected properties of UO2 that would justify UO2 modeling to be reassessed. It also deserves more study from an academic point of view because of its good thermoelectric properties that may originate from its particular crystalline structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Desgranges
- CEA, DEN, DEC F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - Y Ma
- CEA, DEN, DEC F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - Ph Garcia
- CEA, DEN, DEC F-13108 Saint Paul lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - G Baldinozzi
- SPMS, LRC Carmen, CNRS Centrale Supélec , 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,CEA, DEN, DMN F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - D Siméone
- SPMS, LRC Carmen, CNRS Centrale Supélec , 92295 Châtenay-Malabry, France.,CEA, DEN, DMN F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - H E Fischer
- Institut Laue-Langevin , 6 rue Jules Horowitz, B.P. 156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France
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