1
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Tong KM, Toigo J, Patrick BO, Wolf MO. Rhenium(I) Complexes with Sulfur-Bridged Dipyridyl Ligands: Structural, Photophysical, and Computational Studies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:13662-13671. [PMID: 37555810 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of six new rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes [Re(CO)3(N-N)Br] bearing sulfur-bridged dipyridyl (N-N) ligands with three different oxidation states (sulfide (S), sulfoxide (SO), and sulfone (SO2)) are described. Spectroscopic studies show that changing the oxidation state of the ligands influences the photophysical properties of the complexes, with complexes 3 and 6 containing the sulfone ligand exhibiting a lower energy MLCT absorption band tailing into the visible region. Solution-state emission measurements show that these complexes exhibit readily tunable emission energies from 480 to 610 nm, depending on the oxidation state of the sulfur bridge and the presence of substituents on the pyridyl rings. Solid-state emission measurements show that the emission is significantly red-shifted upon oxidation of the sulfur bridge to sulfone with enhanced photoluminescence quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Ming Tong
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jessica Toigo
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Brian O Patrick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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2
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Grabelnykh VA, Bogdanova IN, Sosnovskaya NG, Istomina NV, Russavskaya NV, Kondrashov EV, Butrik RV, Korchevin NA, Rozentsveig IB. Characteristics of 2-chloropyridine and thiourea condensation. Structure of the as-formed products and their effect on coating properties during electrochemical nickel plating. PROCEEDINGS OF UNIVERSITIES. APPLIED CHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-4-498-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and spectral characterisation of 2-pyridylisothiuronium chloride were performed by regulating the rate of feeding 2-chloropyridine into a thiourea solution in ethyl alcohol for ensuring its low concentration in the reaction zone. According to the data of NMR spectroscopy (1H,13С,15N), the obtained compound represents an approximately equimolar mixture of two tautomers: the expected isothiuronium salt and pyridinium chloride with an isothiocarbamide substituting group in the 2nd position. The ability of isothiuronium salt to transit tautomerically to pyridinium salt is determined by the presence of two main centres, including nitrogen atoms of the isothiourea unit and a nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring. A quantum chemical analysis performed using the DFT method showed that the free energy values of the tautomers were similar, with the tautomer protonated on the nitrogen imido-atom being 2.9 (in the gas phase) and 4.7 kcal/mole (taking into account the dimethyl sulphoxide solvent DMSO at the PCM level) more advantageous as compared to the pyridinium salt. A small difference in the tautomer energies determines their formation in an approximately equimolar quantity. A rapid addition (5–10 mL/min) of 2-chloropyridine to the thiourea solution in the reaction zone creates the surplus of the reagent, acting as a base and causing splitting of the isotiuronium salt. This leads to an additional formation of bis(2-pyridyl)sulphide in the reaction medium, representing a valuable ligand for obtaining coordination compounds. The synthesised mixture of tautomers was examined as an additive to the standard nickel-plating electrolyte. In the concentration of 0.3–0.5 g/L, this additive ensured the production of bright low-porous nickel coatings at a sufficiently high current density of 5–10 A/dm2 and a current yield of 98–99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N. A. Korchevin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of Chemistry, SB RAS; Angarsk State Technical University
| | - I. B. Rozentsveig
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of Chemistry, SB RAS; Irkutsk State University
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3
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Yuan J, Xu Z, Wolf MO. Sulfur-bridged chromophores for photofunctional materials: using sulfur oxidation state to tune electronic and structural properties. Chem Sci 2022; 13:5447-5464. [PMID: 35694344 PMCID: PMC9116371 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc01128j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of a heteroatom, such as sulfur, as a linker or bridge, in π-conjugated materials has advantages over purely carbon-based ones due to the accessibility of higher oxidation states as a result of hypervalence. Materials containing a sulfide bridge (S) can be systemically oxidized into sulfoxides (SO) and sulfones (SO2), each of which can then influence how a material interacts with light, playing a large role in dictating the photophysical and sometimes photochemical properties. In this perspective, we summarize the progress that our group and others have made, showing how oxidation of a sulfur bridge in symmetric bichromophoric dimers and in diimine ligands can influence the excited state behavior in organic π-conjugated materials and metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
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4
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Xu Z, Climent C, Brown CM, Hean D, Bardeen CJ, Casanova D, Wolf MO. Controlling ultralong room temperature phosphorescence in organic compounds with sulfur oxidation state. Chem Sci 2020; 12:188-195. [PMID: 34163589 PMCID: PMC8178747 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04715e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur oxidation state is used to tune organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) of symmetric sulfur-bridged carbazole dimers. The sulfide-bridged compound exhibits a factor of 3 enhancement of the phosphorescence efficiency, compared to the sulfoxide and sulfone-bridged analogs, despite sulfone bridges being commonly used in RTP materials. In order to investigate the origin of this enhancement, temperature dependent spectroscopy measurements and theoretical calculations are used. The RTP lifetimes are similar due to similar crystal packing modes. Computational studies reveal that the lone pairs on the sulfur atom have a profound impact on enhancing intersystem crossing rate through orbital mixing and screening, which we hypothesize is the dominant factor responsible for increasing the phosphorescence efficiency. The ability to tune the electronic state without altering crystal packing modes allows the isolation of these effects. This work provides a new perspective on the design principles of organic phosphorescent materials, going beyond the rules established for conjugated ketone/sulfone-based organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Clàudia Climent
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid E-28049 Madrid Spain
| | - Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
| | - Christopher J Bardeen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside 501 Big Springs Road Riverside California 92521 USA
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4 20018 Donostia Euskadi Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science 48013 Bilbao Euskadi Spain
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia 2036 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z1 Canada
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5
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Brown CM, Auvray T, DeLuca EE, Ezhova MB, Hanan GS, Wolf MO. Controlling photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 in Ru(II)/Re(I) dyads via linker oxidation state. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:10750-10753. [PMID: 32789403 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Electronic communication between the linked metal centers in Ru(ii)-Re(i) dyads is tuned using the oxidation state (S and SO2) of sulfur-bridged ligands. Higher catalytic activity is seen for the SO2-bridged dyad in the photocatalytic reduction of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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6
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Brown CM, Arsenault NE, Cross TNK, Hean D, Xu Z, Wolf MO. Structural, electrochemical and photophysical behavior of Ru( ii) complexes with large bite angle sulfur-bridged terpyridyl ligands. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01009b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-bridged terpyridyl ligands expand the bite angles in Ru(ii) species leading to geometries very close to that of a “perfect” octahedron. Altering the donor strength of substituents results in systematic tuning of the redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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7
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Sierra MA, de la Torre MC. 1,2,3-Triazolium-Derived Mesoionic Carbene Ligands Bearing Chiral Sulfur-Based Moieties: Synthesis, Catalytic Properties, and Their Role in Chirality Transfer. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:12983-12994. [PMID: 31460425 PMCID: PMC6705200 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazole-derived mesoionic carbenes (MICs) having a chiral sulfur functional group at the C5 position are easily available through a CuAAC between chiral alkynyl sulfoxides and different azides. The MICs form complexes with several metals (Au, Ag, Ir, Rh, and Ru) that are enantiomerically pure. Moreover, enantiomerically pure MIC sulfinilimines are obtained from the corresponding sulfoxide retaining the chirality. Through this article, the participation of sulfoxide moieties in different catalytic and chirality transfer processes, as well as in discovering mechanistically new processes will be shown. The role of the sulfur chiral moiety in catalytic cycloisomerization and cycloisomerization-dimerization processes using Au-MIC catalysts is dual. The sulfur functional group either stabilizes intermediates in the catalytic cycle, allowing for the reaction to occur or significantly increases the selectivity of the cyclization processes. 1,2,3-Triazole MICs having chiral sulfoxides at C5 are extremely efficient in preparing chiral at the metal complexes by C-H insertion processes. The chiral at the metal half-sandwich complexes, having the enantiopure sulfur chiral group unaltered, experiences different reactions with complete retention of the configuration. Finally, mechanistically new processes, like the desulfinilation of 1,2,3-triazolium salts in Ag-MIC complexes have been uncovered. These still-nascent classes of compounds will offer opportunities for the discovery of novel catalytic applications and to study new mechanistically sound processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Sierra
- Dpto.
de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, and
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María C. de la Torre
- Instituto
de Química Orgánica General, and Centro de Innovación
en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Brown CM, Li C, Carta V, Li W, Xu Z, Stroppa PHF, Samuel IDW, Zysman-Colman E, Wolf MO. Influence of Sulfur Oxidation State and Substituents on Sulfur-Bridged Luminescent Copper(I) Complexes Showing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7156-7168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Chenfei Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wenbo Li
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pedro Henrique Fazza Stroppa
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Ifor D. W. Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, U.K
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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9
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Caron E, Brown CM, Hean D, Wolf MO. Variable oxidation state sulfur-bridged bithiazole ligands tune the electronic properties of ruthenium(ii) and copper(i) complexes. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:1263-1274. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt04588g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of homoleptic and heteroleptic ruthenium(ii) and copper(i) complexes containing sulfur-bridged bithiazole ligands of varying oxidation states are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Caron
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | | | - Duane Hean
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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10
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Hierlinger C, Cordes DB, Slawin AMZ, Jacquemin D, Guerchais V, Zysman-Colman E. Phosphorescent cationic iridium(iii) complexes bearing a nonconjugated six-membered chelating ancillary ligand: a strategy for tuning the emission towards the blue. Dalton Trans 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00467f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Blue and blue-green-emitting cationic Ir(iii) complexes bearing a nonconjugated N^N ligand have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Hierlinger
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - David B. Cordes
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Alexandra M. Z. Slawin
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- UMR CNRS 6230
- Université de Nantes
- CEISAM
- 44322 Nantes Cedex 3
- France
| | - Véronique Guerchais
- Univ Rennes
- CNRS
- ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226
- F-35000 Rennes
- France
| | - Eli Zysman-Colman
- Organic Semiconductor Centre
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry
- University of St Andrews
- St Andrews
- UK
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