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Grabelnykh VA, Bogdanova IN, Sosnovskaya NG, Istomina NV, Russavskaya NV, Kondrashov EV, Butrik RV, Korchevin NA, Rozentsveig IB. Characteristics of 2-chloropyridine and thiourea condensation. Structure of the as-formed products and their effect on coating properties during electrochemical nickel plating. Izvestiâ vuzov Prikladnaâ himiâ i biotehnologiâ 2023. [DOI: 10.21285/2227-2925-2022-12-4-498-505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and spectral characterisation of 2-pyridylisothiuronium chloride were performed by regulating the rate of feeding 2-chloropyridine into a thiourea solution in ethyl alcohol for ensuring its low concentration in the reaction zone. According to the data of NMR spectroscopy (1H,13С,15N), the obtained compound represents an approximately equimolar mixture of two tautomers: the expected isothiuronium salt and pyridinium chloride with an isothiocarbamide substituting group in the 2nd position. The ability of isothiuronium salt to transit tautomerically to pyridinium salt is determined by the presence of two main centres, including nitrogen atoms of the isothiourea unit and a nitrogen atom of the pyridine ring. A quantum chemical analysis performed using the DFT method showed that the free energy values of the tautomers were similar, with the tautomer protonated on the nitrogen imido-atom being 2.9 (in the gas phase) and 4.7 kcal/mole (taking into account the dimethyl sulphoxide solvent DMSO at the PCM level) more advantageous as compared to the pyridinium salt. A small difference in the tautomer energies determines their formation in an approximately equimolar quantity. A rapid addition (5–10 mL/min) of 2-chloropyridine to the thiourea solution in the reaction zone creates the surplus of the reagent, acting as a base and causing splitting of the isotiuronium salt. This leads to an additional formation of bis(2-pyridyl)sulphide in the reaction medium, representing a valuable ligand for obtaining coordination compounds. The synthesised mixture of tautomers was examined as an additive to the standard nickel-plating electrolyte. In the concentration of 0.3–0.5 g/L, this additive ensured the production of bright low-porous nickel coatings at a sufficiently high current density of 5–10 A/dm2 and a current yield of 98–99 %.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - N. A. Korchevin
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of Chemistry, SB RAS; Angarsk State Technical University
| | - I. B. Rozentsveig
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk institute of Chemistry, SB RAS; Irkutsk State University
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Nikonova VS, Grabelnykh VA, Bogdanova IN, Sosnovskaya NG, Istomina NV, Russavskaya NB, Rozentsveig IB, Korchevin NA. 1,4-Dichalcogenins: Synthesis from Dichloroethenes and Elemental Chalcogens in a Hydrazine Hydrate–Potassium Hydroxide System. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grabelʼnykh VA, Bogdanova IN, Nikonova VS, Sosnovskaya NG, Istomina NV, Russavskaya NV, Albanov AI, Rozentsveig IB, Korchevin NA. Nucleophilic Cleavage of the Ether Bond of Chlorex in the Chalcogenation with Diphenyl Dichalcogenides in the System Hydrazine Hydrate–KOH. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220090273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Levanova EP, Vilms AI, Bezborodov VA, Babenko IA, Sosnovskaya NG, Istomina NV, Albanov AI, Russavskaya NV, Rozentsveig IB. Synthesis of polydentate chalcogen-containing ligands using the system hydrazine hydrate–base. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363217030069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Sinegovskaya LM, Istomina NV, Oparina LA, Stepanov AV, Trofimov BA. Synthesis and conformational analysis of furfuryl vinyl ethers. Russ Chem Bull 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-008-0289-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Istomina NV, Shcherbina NA, Krivdin LB. 13C-13C spin-spin coupling constants in structural studies: XLIV. Carbonyl-containing oximes. Russ J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009040010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Fedorov SV, Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Istomina NV, Arbuzova SN, Malysheva SF. Theoretical conformational analysis of unsaturated phospines and phosphinechalcogenides. Russ J Org Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428009050042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Istomina NV, Schmidt EY, Mikhaleva AI. Conformational analysis of N-vinyl-2-phenylpyrrole. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-009-0221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sobenina LN, Demenev AP, Mikhaleva AI, Rusakov YY, Larina LI, Istomina NV, Krivdin LB. 4-Dimethylaminoacetophenone O-vinyloxime: Synthesis and steric structure. Russ J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Istomina NV, Potapov VA, Amosova SV. Theoretical conformational analysis of divinyl selenide. Russ J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Khutsishvili SS, Rusakov YY, Krivdin LB, Istomina NV, Petrova OV, Sobenina LN, Mikhaleva AI. 13C-13C spin-spin coupling constants in structural studies: XLIII. Stereochemical study on functionalized 3-iminopyrrolizines. Russ J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428008090157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shcherbina NA, Istomina NV, Krivdin LB, Shmidt EY, Mikhaleva AI, Trofimov BA. 13C-13C spin-spin coupling constants in structural studies: XXXIX. Nonempirical calculations of heteroaromatic oximes. Russ J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428007060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Danilova VA, Istomina NV, Krivdin LB. 13C-13C Spin-Spin Coupling Constants in Structural Studies: XXXVII. Rotational Conformations of Hydroxy Groups in Pyranose, Furanose, and Septanose Rings. Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:rujo.0000045905.01006.4f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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