1
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Wang JL, Zhou HY, Zhao L, Meng YS, Liu T. Reversible light-induced spin state switching in a dinuclear Fe(II) spin crossover complex. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7669-7676. [PMID: 38646797 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02691d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A dinuclear Fe(II) spin crossover (SCO) complex with the formula [Fe2L5(NCS)4]·2DMF·2H2O (1) was synthesised from 1-naphthylimino-1,2,4-triazole (L). Complex 1 exhibits an incomplete thermally induced spin transition with a transition temperature T1/2 of 95 K and a thermally trapped metastable high-spin state at low temperatures. Furthermore, it undergoes a reversible light-induced spin crossover by alternate irradiation with 532 and 808 nm lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Li Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, 191 Jinsui Rd., 453003 Xinxiang, China.
| | - Hang-Yue Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Xinxiang University, 191 Jinsui Rd., 453003 Xinxiang, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Yin-Shan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., 116024 Dalian, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Rd., 116024 Dalian, China
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2
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Jornet-Mollá V, Rodríguez-Tarrazó MI, Dolz-Lozano MJ, Giménez-Saiz C, Romero FM. Hydrogen-bonded assemblies of iron(II) spin crossover complexes. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7848-7856. [PMID: 38625687 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00579a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The paper reports on the synthesis, crystal structure, thermal and magnetic properties of spin crossover (SCO) salts containing the [Fe(bpp)2]2+ cation (bpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine) and different rigid polycarboxylate anions, such as anthracene-9,10-dicarboxylate (ADC), benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (BTC) and biphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate (BPDC). Compound [Fe(bpp)2](ADC)·9H2O (1) shows a porous hydrogen-bonded structure with water molecules sitting in the channels. It contains low-spin (LS) Fe2+ cations that undergo crossover to the high-spin (HS) state upon dehydration. Anhydrous 1 remains HS on cooling at low temperatures. A similar magnetic behaviour is obtained for the partially protonated BTC salt [Fe(bpp)2](HBTC)·5H2O (2), showing a spin change concomitant with dehydration to a HS phase that undergoes gradual and partial SCO on cooling, affecting 25% of the Fe2+ cations. Instead, the BPDC salt [Fe(bpp)2](BPDC)·5H2O (3) has a ground HS state in its fully hydrated form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jornet-Mollá
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Marina I Rodríguez-Tarrazó
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Miquel J Dolz-Lozano
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Carlos Giménez-Saiz
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Romero
- Departament de Química Inorgànica, Universitat de València, C/Dr. Moliner, 50, E-46100 Burjassot, Spain.
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3
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Kulmaczewski R, Armstrong IT, Catchpole P, Ratcliffe ESJ, Vasili HB, Warriner SL, Cespedes O, Halcrow MA. Di-Iron(II) [2+2] Helicates of Bis-(Dipyrazolylpyridine) Ligands: The Influence of the Ligand Linker Group on Spin State Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202578. [PMID: 36382594 PMCID: PMC10108139 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Four bis[2-{pyrazol-1-yl}-6-{pyrazol-3-yl}pyridine] ligands have been synthesized, with butane-1,4-diyl (L1 ), pyrid-2,6-diyl (L2 ), benzene-1,2-dimethylenyl (L3 ) and propane-1,3-diyl (L4 ) linkers between the tridentate metal-binding domains. L1 and L2 form [Fe2 (μ-L)2 ]X4 (X- =BF4 - or ClO4 - ) helicate complexes when treated with the appropriate iron(II) precursor. Solvate crystals of [Fe2 (μ-L1 )2 ][BF4 ]4 exhibit three different helicate conformations, which differ in the torsions of their butanediyl linker groups. The solvates exhibit gradual thermal spin-crossover, with examples of stepwise switching and partial spin-crossover to a low-temperature mixed-spin form. Salts of [Fe2 (μ-L2 )2 ]4+ are high-spin, which reflects their highly twisted iron coordination geometry. The composition and dynamics of assembly structures formed by iron(II) with L1 -L3 vary with the ligand linker group, by mass spectrometry and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Gas-phase DFT calculations imply the butanediyl linker conformation in [Fe2 (μ-L1 )2 ]4+ influences its spin state properties, but show anomalies attributed to intramolecular electrostatic repulsion between the iron atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Kulmaczewski
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Isaac T Armstrong
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Pip Catchpole
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.,Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Emily S J Ratcliffe
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hari Babu Vasili
- School of Physics and Astronomy W. H. Bragg Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Stuart L Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy W. H. Bragg Building, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Malcolm A Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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4
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Iron(II) Mediated Supramolecular Architectures with Schiff Bases and Their Spin-Crossover Properties. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28031012. [PMID: 36770685 PMCID: PMC9919814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular architectures, which are formed through the combination of inorganic metal cations and organic ligands by self-assembly, are one of the techniques in modern chemical science. This kind of multi-nuclear system in various dimensionalities can be implemented in various applications such as sensing, storage/cargo, display and molecular switching. Iron(II) mediated spin-crossover (SCO) supramolecular architectures with Schiff bases have attracted the attention of many investigators due to their structural novelty as well as their potential application possibilities. In this paper, we review a number of supramolecular SCO architectures of iron(II) with Schiff base ligands exhibiting varying geometrical possibilities. The structural and SCO behavior of these complexes are also discussed in detail.
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5
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Sheng HJ, Xia CC, Zhang XY, Zhang CC, Ji WJ, Zhao Y, Wang XY. Anion Modified Spin Crossover in [Fe(qsal-4-F)] + Complexes with a 4-Position Substituted Qsal Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:12726-12735. [PMID: 35905478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Four iron(III) complexes, [Fe(qsal-4-F)2]Y·sol (Hqsal-4-F = 4-fluoro-N-(8-quinolyl)salicylaldimine; Y = NO3-, sol = 0.91MeOH·0.57H2O (1NO3); Y = PF6- (2PF6); Y = BF4- (3BF4); Y = OTf-, sol =1.5MeOH (4OTf)), with a new 4-position substituted qsal type ligand Hqsal-4-F have been synthesized and structurally and magnetically characterized. Complexes 1NO3-3BF4 consist of 1D chains formed by the [Fe(qsal-4-F)2]+ cations connected by π-π and C-H···O interactions, which are further linked by more weak interactions to form 2D layers and 3D networks. On the other hand, complex 4OTf has a structure of nearly isolated 1D column where the [Fe(qsal-4-F)2]+ cations are connected by π-π, C-H···π, and C-F···π interactions. Magnetic studies revealed the occurrence of two-step symmetry-breaking SCO in 1NO3 and two-step gradual SCO in 2PF6. Complex 3BF4 undergoes a gradual SCO, whereas 4OTf remains almost high-spin. The smaller anions tend to stabilize the low-spin state, while larger anions tend to stabilize the high-spin state. In addition, the intermediate spin state of 1NO3 could be thermally trapped by quenching from the high temperature, thereby kinetically suppressing the spin transition to the full low-spin state. This work represents a good example that the position of the substituent and the anions plays critical roles in the preparation of SCO materials with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Juan Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Cai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wen-Jie Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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6
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Ahmed M, Arachchige KSA, Xie Z, Price JR, Cruddas J, Clegg JK, Powell BJ, Kepert CJ, Neville SM. Guest-Induced Multistep to Single-Step Spin-Crossover Switching in a 2-D Hofmann-Like Framework with an Amide-Appended Ligand. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:11667-11674. [PMID: 35862437 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A detailed study of the two-dimensional (2-D) Hofmann-like framework [Fe(furpy)2Pd(CN)4]·nG (furpy: N-(pyridin-4-yl)furan-2-carboxamide, G = H2O,EtOH (A·H2O,Et), and H2O (A·H2O)) is presented, including the structural and spin-crossover (SCO) implications of subtle guest modification. This 2-D framework is characterized by undulating Hofmann layers and an array of interlayer spacing environments─this is a strategic approach that we achieve by the inclusion of a ligand with multiple host-host and host-guest interaction sites. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility studies reveal an asymmetric multistep SCO for A·H2O,Et and an abrupt single-step SCO for A·H2O with an upshift in transition temperature of ∼75 K. Single-crystal analyses show a primitive orthorhombic symmetry for A·H2O,Et characterized by a unique FeII center─the multistep SCO character is attributed to local ligand orientation. Counterintuitively, A·H2O shows a triclinic symmetry with two inequivalent FeII centers that undergo a cooperative single-step high-spin (HS)-to-low-spin (LS) transition. We conduct detailed structure-function analyses to understand how the guest ethanol influences the delicate balance between framework communication and, therefore, the local structure and spin-state transition mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manan Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kasun S A Arachchige
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Zixi Xie
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Jason R Price
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Jace Cruddas
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jack K Clegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Powell
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Cameron J Kepert
- The School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Suzanne M Neville
- School of Chemistry, The University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
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7
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Spin crossover of a dinuclear Fe(II) complex in the trans-isomeric structure. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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8
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Wang JP, Liu WT, Yu M, Ji XY, Liu JL, Chi MZ, Starikova AA, Tao J. One-Step versus Two-Step Valence Tautomeric Transitions in Tetraoxolene-Bridged Dinuclear Cobalt Compounds. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4428-4441. [PMID: 35234043 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of valence tautomeric compounds with multistep transitions using new redox-active ligands are the long-term goal of the field of bistable materials. The redox-active tetraoxolene ligand, 2,7-di-tert-butylpyrene-4,5,9,10-tetraone (pyreneQ-Q), is now developed to synthesize a pair of dinuclear compounds {[CoL2]2(pyreneSq-Sq)}[Co(CO)4]2·xCH2Cl2·2C6H5CH3 (1, x = 2, L = 1,10-phenanthroline, phen; 2, x = 1.5, L = 2,2'-bipyridine, bpy). Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibilities and single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements indicate a partial one-step valence tautomeric transition for 1 and a rare two-step valence tautomeric transition for 2, respectively. DFT calculation results are consistent with the experimental data, revealing the correlation between thermodynamic parameters and the one-step/two-step valence tautomeric behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Xue-Yang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Jing-Lin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Man-Zhou Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
| | - Alyona A Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, Stachka Avenue 194/2, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - Jun Tao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liangxiang Campus, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, PR China
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9
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Shylin SI, Shova S, Shepherd HJ, Ksenofontov V, Tremel W, Gural'skiy IA. 1D iron(II)-1,2,4-triazolic chains with spin crossover assembled from discrete trinuclear complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:2364-2369. [PMID: 35043827 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00004k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a molecular cationic iron(II) complex with a 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole ligand and a tetraiodomercurate anion exhibiting an incomplete spin crossover (SCO). The complex exhibits an unusual disordered structure with a linear arrangement of ligand and water molecules that can potentially accommodate up to four iron atoms, but both terminal metal positions have half chemical occupancies, while occupancies of all ligands are full. This corresponds to the crystallisation of disordered trinuclear complexes arranged into 1D supramolecular chains. Iron cations have different N6 or N3O3 coordination environments, leading to the thermally induced SCO in two thirds of the metal centres. This SCO behaviour was characterised by magnetic susceptibility measurements and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii I Shylin
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine. .,Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, PO Box 523, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergiu Shova
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Helena J Shepherd
- Supramolecular, Interfacial & Synthetic Chemistry Group, School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NH, UK
| | - Vadim Ksenofontov
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Il'ya A Gural'skiy
- Department of Chemistry, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine.
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10
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Díaz-Torres R, Boonprab T, Gómez-Coca S, Ruiz E, Chastanet G, Harding P, Harding DJ. Structural and theoretical insights into solvent effects in an iron(III) SCO complex. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi01159j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol effects in a series of iron(III) spin crossover complexes [Fe(qsal-Cl)2]NO3·ROH (R = Me 1, Et 2, 1-Pr 3) are explored. Despite the solvents differing from each other by only...
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11
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Shahid N, Burrows KE, Pask CM, Cespedes O, Howard MJ, McGowan PC, Halcrow MA. Heteroleptic iron( ii) complexes of chiral 2,6-bis(oxazolin-2-yl)-pyridine (PyBox) and 2,6-bis(thiazolin-2-yl)pyridine ligands – the interplay of two different ligands on the metal ion spin sate. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4262-4274. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00393g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The spin-crossover properties of [Fe(LR)L][ClO4]2 (LR = a chiral PyBox {L1R} or ThioPyBox {L2R} derivative) show subtle differences depending on the tridentate ‘L’ co-ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrah Shahid
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Kay E. Burrows
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | | | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, WH Bragg Building, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Mark J. Howard
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Patrick C. McGowan
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
| | - Malcolm A. Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT
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12
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Jornet-Mollá V, Giménez-Saiz C, Vieira BJC, Waerenborgh JC, Romero FM. Temperature dependence of desolvation effects in hydrogen-bonded spin crossover complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:2536-2544. [PMID: 33522546 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, crystal structure and (photo)magnetic properties of the anhydrous spin crossover salt of formula [Fe(bpp)2](C6H8O4) (1) (bpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-3-yl)pyridine; C6H8O4 = adipate dianion), obtained by desolvation at 400 K of the original tetrahydrate in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC-SC) transformation, are reported. This work offers a comparison between this compound and the previously reported hydrated material ([Fe(bpp)2](C6H8O4)·4H2O, 1·4H2O), highlighting the significance of the thermal conditions used in the dehydration-rehydration processes. In both compounds, a hydrogen-bonded network between iron(ii) complexes and adipate anions is observed. The original tetrahydrate (1·4H2O) is low-spin and desolvation at 450 K triggers a low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) transition to an amorphous phase that remains stable over the whole temperature range of study. Surprisingly, the dehydrated compound at 400 K (1) keeps the crystallinity, undergoes a partial spin crossover (T1/2 = 180 K) and a quantitative LS to HS photomagnetic conversion at low temperatures, with a T(LIESST) value of 61 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Jornet-Mollá
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
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13
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Ouyang F, Jiang X, Liu X, Chen Y, Chen Y, Chen S, Jia L. Synthesis, structures and magnetic properties of copper(II) complexes with 1,2,3-triazole derivate as ligand: a single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation from mononuclear to polymeric complex of copper(II). TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-021-00448-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Xue S, Guo Y, Garcia Y. Spin crossover crystalline materials engineered via single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This highlight illustrates the latest crystalline materials engineered via SCSC transformations, with emphasis on the onset and progress of spin crossover in a crystal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yunnan Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Surface & Interface Science of Polymer Materials of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yann Garcia
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (IMCN/MOST), Université catholique de Louvain, Place L. Pasteur 1, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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15
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Rinck J, Kitchen JA, Carter AB, Lan Y, Anson CE, Fink K, Brooker S, Powell AK. Di- and Tri-nuclear VIII and CrIII Complexes of Dipyridyltriazoles: Ligand Rearrangements, Mixed Valency and Ferromagnetic Coupling. Front Chem 2020; 8:540. [PMID: 32733848 PMCID: PMC7363982 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The first dinuclear and trinuclear chromium(III) and dinuclear vanadium(III) complexes of N4-R-substituted-3,5-di(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazole (Rdpt) ligands have been prepared by solvothermal complexations under inert atmospheres, and characterized. The reactions of CrIII and VIII with adpt (R = amino) resulted in deamination of the ligand and yielded the dinuclear doubly-triazolate bridged complexes [V2III(dpt−)2Cl4] (1) and [Cr2III(dpt−)2Cl4] (2). In the case of the CrIII complex 2 this bridging results in a rare example of ferromagnetic coupling for a dinuclear CrIII compound. DFT studies confirm that in 2 the ferromagnetic coupling pathways dominate over the antiferromagnetic pathways, whereas in 1 the reverse occurs, consistent with the observed overall antiferromagnetic coupling in that case. It was also found that the use of different additives in the reaction allows the nuclearity of the CrIII product to be manipulated, giving either the dinuclear system, or the first example of a trinuclear circular helicate for a Rdpt complex, [Cr3III(dpt)3Cl6]·1¾MeCN·¼DCM (3). Reaction of N4-pydpt (R = 4-pyridyl) with VIII led to an unusual shift of the pyridyl substituent from N4 to N1 of the triazole, forming the ligand isomer N1-pydpt, and giving a dinuclear doubly-triazole bridged complex, [V2III(N1-pydpt)2Cl6]·2MeCN (4). Reaction with CrIII results in loss of the 4-pyridyl ring and a mixture of the di- and trinuclear complexes, 2 and 3. Interestingly, partial oxidation of the VIII in dinuclear complex 4 to vanadyl VIV=O was identified by crystallographic analysis of partially oxidized single crystals, [(VIVO)0.84(VIII)1.16(N1-pydpt)2Cl5.16]·0.84H2O·1.16MeCN (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rinck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan A. Kitchen
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anthony B. Carter
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yanhua Lan
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher E. Anson
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Karin Fink
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Karin Fink
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Sally Brooker
| | - Annie K. Powell
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Annie K. Powell
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16
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Nakaya M, Kosaka W, Miyasaka H, Komatsumaru Y, Kawaguchi S, Sugimoto K, Zhang Y, Nakamura M, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. CO 2 -Induced Spin-State Switching at Room Temperature in a Monomeric Cobalt(II) Complex with the Porous Nature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:10658-10665. [PMID: 32189464 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
CO2 -responsive spin-state conversion between high-spin (HS) and low-spin (LS) states at room temperature was achieved in a monomeric cobalt(II) complex. A neutral cobalt(II) complex, [CoII (COO-terpy)2 ]⋅4 H2 O (1⋅4 H2 O), stably formed cavities generated via π-π stacking motifs and hydrogen bond networks, resulting in the accommodation of four water molecules. Crystalline 1⋅4 H2 O transformed to solvent-free 1 without loss of porosity by heating to 420 K. Compound 1 exhibited a selective CO2 adsorption via a gate-open type of the structural modification. Furthermore, the HS/LS transition temperature (T1/2 ) was able to be tuned by the CO2 pressure over a wide temperature range. Unlike 1 exhibits the HS state at 290 K, the CO2 -accomodated form 1⊃CO2 (P CO 2 =110 kPa) was stabilized in the LS state at 290 K, probably caused by a chemical pressure effect by CO2 accommodation, which provides reversible spin-state conversion by introducing/evacuating CO2 gas into/from 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Wataru Kosaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsumaru
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Diffraction & Scattering Division Japan, Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198 (, Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Diffraction & Scattering Division Japan, Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198 (, Japan
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Leonard F Lindoy
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.,Institute of Pulsed Power Science (IPPS), Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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17
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Nakaya M, Kosaka W, Miyasaka H, Komatsumaru Y, Kawaguchi S, Sugimoto K, Zhang Y, Nakamura M, Lindoy LF, Hayami S. CO
2
‐Induced Spin‐State Switching at Room Temperature in a Monomeric Cobalt(II) Complex with the Porous Nature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Nakaya
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Wataru Kosaka
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyasaka
- Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University 2-1-1 Katahira Aoba-ku Sendai 980-8577 Japan
| | - Yuki Komatsumaru
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Shogo Kawaguchi
- Diffraction & Scattering Division Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 ( Japan
| | - Kunihisa Sugimoto
- Diffraction & Scattering Division Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 ( Japan
| | - Yingjie Zhang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization Locked Bag 2001 Kirrawee DC NSW 2232 Australia
| | - Masaaki Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
| | - Leonard F. Lindoy
- School of Chemistry The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Shinya Hayami
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science and Technology Kumamoto University 2-39-1, Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science (IPPS) Kumamoto University 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku Kumamoto 860-8555 Japan
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18
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Gransbury GK, Livesay BN, Janetzki JT, Hay MA, Gable RW, Shores MP, Starikova A, Boskovic C. Understanding the Origin of One- or Two-Step Valence Tautomeric Transitions in Bis(dioxolene)-Bridged Dinuclear Cobalt Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:10692-10704. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K. Gransbury
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Brooke N. Livesay
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, United States
| | - Jett T. Janetzki
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Moya A. Hay
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Robert W. Gable
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Matthew P. Shores
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, United States
| | - Alyona Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russian Federation
| | - Colette Boskovic
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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19
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Li HY, Zhao SN, Zang SQ, Li J. Functional metal–organic frameworks as effective sensors of gases and volatile compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:6364-6401. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00778d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 434] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent advances of metal organic framework (MOF) based sensing of gases and volatile compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Li
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Shu-Na Zhao
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450001
- China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Rutgers University
- Piscataway
- USA
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20
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Costa JS, Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Craig GA, Barth B, Beavers CM, Teat SJ, Gagnon KJ, Barrios LA, Roubeau O, Aromí G. Selective signalling of alcohols by a molecular lattice and mechanism of single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qi00645a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A molecular material undergoes spin-switching as it exchanges MeOH, EtOH or nPrOH with acetone from the lattice. The subsequent thermal single-crystal-to-single-crystal desorption of nPrOH is followed by single crystal X-ray diffraction snapshots.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Sánchez Costa
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | - Gavin A. Craig
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Benjamin Barth
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | | | | | | | - Leoní A. Barrios
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB)
| | - Olivier Roubeau
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA)
- CSIC and Universidad de Zaragoza
- Zaragoza
- Spain
| | - Guillem Aromí
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology of the University of Barcelona (IN2UB)
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21
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Berdiell IC, Hochdörffer T, Desplanches C, Kulmaczewski R, Shahid N, Wolny JA, Warriner SL, Cespedes O, Schünemann V, Chastanet G, Halcrow MA. Supramolecular Iron Metallocubanes Exhibiting Site-Selective Thermal and Light-Induced Spin-Crossover. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18759-18770. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b08862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Izar Capel Berdiell
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Tim Hochdörffer
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Rafal Kulmaczewski
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Namrah Shahid
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Juliusz A. Wolny
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stuart L. Warriner
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Oscar Cespedes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, EC Stoner Building, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Volker Schünemann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schrödinger Straße 46, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Malcolm A. Halcrow
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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22
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Rodríguez-Jiménez S, Brooker S. Qualitative Guest Sensing via Iron(II) Triazole Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:8188-8197. [PMID: 31124665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The pyridazine-pyridine triazole-based Rat ligand, Lpydzpy [4-(4-methylphenyl)-3-(3-pyridazinyl)-5-(2-pyridinyl)-1,2,4-triazole], is potentially ditopic. Nevertheless, Lpydzpy is shown herein to exclusively form mononuclear iron(II) complexes, [FeII(Lpydzpy)2(NCE)2]·solvent, in the presence of coordinating NCE anions (E = S or Se). Specifically, a new family of 10 mononuclear complexes, in which Lpydzpy binds in a monotopic bidentate manner, has been made: two solvent-free complexes, [FeII(Lpydzpy)2(NCS)2] (1) and [FeII(Lpydzpy)2(NCSe)2] (2); six solvatomorphs, 1·4CH3CN, 2·4CH3CN, 1·2.25CH3CN, 2·3CH3CN, 2·tetrahydrofuran, and 2·CHCl3; and a pair of desolvated polymorphs, 1' and 2'. Seven of them are spin crossover-active, the exceptions being 1, 2, and 2'. This is confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) for 1, 2, 1·4CH3CN, and 2·4CH3CN and is consistent with variable-temperature optical microscopy observations on single crystals of 1·4CH3CN and 2·4CH3CN and on samples of 1' and 2'. Powder XRD, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state magnetometry reveal that desolvated 1' and 2' are capable of absorbing and desorbing a range of volatile guests: CH3CN in both cases and also tetrahydrofuran and CHCl3 in the case of 2'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rodríguez-Jiménez
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
| | - Sally Brooker
- Department of Chemistry and MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054 , New Zealand
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23
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Lada ZG, Andrikopoulos KS, Chrissanthopoulos A, Perlepes SP, Voyiatzis GA. A Known Iron(II) Complex in Different Nanosized Particles: Variable-Temperature Raman Study of Its Spin-Crossover Behavior. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:5183-5195. [PMID: 30916940 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The spin-crossover (SCO) polymorph B (complex 1) of the known compound [FeII{N(CN)2}2(abpt)2], where abpt is 4-amino-3,5-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, has been prepared in three different particle sizes averaging ∼300 (sample 1a), ∼80 (sample 1b), and ∼20 nm (sample 1c). Two independent octahedral molecules possessing Fe1 and Fe2 were found to be present in the crystal of B. Magnetostructural relationships had established that at room temperature both FeII sites are in the high-spin state (HS-HS), whereas a decrease in the temperature to 90 K induces the complete high-spin to low-spin conversion of the Fe1 site, with Fe2 remaining in the high-spin state (LS-HS). The three samples have been characterized by elemental analyses, ATR spectra, solution UV/vis spectra (to exclude resonance Raman effects) and powder X-ray diffraction patterns, while their morphological characteristics have been examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SCO behavior of the originally prepared sample 1a has been monitored in detail by variable-temperature Raman studies in the 300-80 K range using mainly low-frequency ν(Fe-N) and δ(NFeN) modes and the ν(C≡N) mode of the axial dicyanamido groups as spin-sensitive vibrations. The new peaks that appear in the low-temperature Raman spectra of the LS-HS form of the complex are reproduced in the calculated spectrum of the LS state of [FeII{N(CN)2}2(abpt)2]. The influence of the average particle size on the SCO properties of 1 has also been studied by variable-temperature Raman spectra. The studies indicate that, during the HS-HS → LS-HS transition, the latter form of the complex appears at higher temperatures for the smaller particles; the T1/2 shift accomplished by manipulating the particle size within a range of roughly 1 order of magnitude (300-20 nm) may be as high as ∼30 K. The SCO features of 1, as deduced from the Raman study, are in excellent agreement with those derived from a traditional variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility study, indicating the utility of the former.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi G Lada
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT) , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , Platani, P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras , Greece.,Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Andrikopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT) , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , Platani, P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - Athanassios Chrissanthopoulos
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry , National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, 15771 Zografou, Athens , Greece
| | - Spyros P Perlepes
- Department of Chemistry , University of Patras , 26504 Patras , Greece
| | - George A Voyiatzis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT) , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH) , Platani, P.O. Box 1414, 26504 Patras , Greece
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