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Zhu J, Zhang Z, Wen Y, Song X, Tan WK, Ong CN, Li J. Recent Advances in Superabsorbent Hydrogels Derived from Agro Waste Materials for Sustainable Agriculture: A Review. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72. [PMID: 39215710 PMCID: PMC11487571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Superabsorbent hydrogels made from agro waste materials have the potential to promote sustainable agriculture and environmental sustainability. These hydrogels not only help reduce water consumption and increase crop yields but also contribute to minimizing waste and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Recent research on superabsorbent hydrogels derived from agro wastes has focused on the preparation of hydrogels based on natural polymers isolated from agro wastes, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This review provides an in-depth examination of hydrogels developed from raw agro waste materials and natural polymers extracted from agro wastes, highlighting that these studies start with raw wastes as the main materials. The utilization strategies for specific types of agro wastes are comprehensively described. This review outlines different methods utilized in the production of these hydrogels, including physical cross-linking techniques such as dissolution-regeneration and freeze-thawing, as well as chemical cross-linking methods involving various cross-linking agents and graft polymerization techniques such as free radical polymerization, microwave-assisted polymerization, and γ radiation graft polymerization. Specifically, this review explores the applications of agro waste-based superabsorbent hydrogels in enhancing soil properties such as water retention and slow-release of fertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- NUS Environmental
Research Institute (NERI), National University
of Singapore, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Zhongxing Zhang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Yuting Wen
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- National
University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
- National
University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xia Song
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
| | - Wee Kee Tan
- NUS Environmental
Research Institute (NERI), National University
of Singapore, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore117411, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental
Research Institute (NERI), National University
of Singapore, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore117411, Singapore
- Saw Swee
Hock School of Public Health, National University
of Singapore, 12 Science
Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, National University
of Singapore, 15 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119276, Singapore
- NUS Environmental
Research Institute (NERI), National University
of Singapore, 5A Engineering
Drive 1, Singapore117411, Singapore
- National
University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, China
- National
University of Singapore (Chongqing) Research Institute, Yubei District, Chongqing 401120, China
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Wang J, Zhang J, Wang S, Liu W, Jing W, Yu H. Isolation and Extraction of Monomers from Insoluble Dietary Fiber. Foods 2023; 12:2473. [PMID: 37444211 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Insoluble dietary fiber is a macromolecular polysaccharide aggregate composed of pectin, glycoproteins, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. All agricultural by-products contain significant levels of insoluble dietary fiber. With the recognition of the increasing scarcity of non-renewable energy sources, the conversion of single components of dietary fiber into renewable energy sources and their use has become an ongoing concern. The isolation and extraction of single fractions from insoluble dietary fiber is one of the most important recent research directions. The continuous development of technologies for the separation and extraction of single components is aimed at expanding the use of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin for food, industrial, cosmetic, biomedical, and other applications. Here, to expand the use of single components to meet the new needs of future development, separation and extraction methods for single components are summarized, in addition to the prospects of new raw materials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jiarui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Sainan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenhao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wendan Jing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- National Soybean Industry Technology System Processing Laboratory, Changchun 130118, China
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Jin SR, Cho BG, Mun SB, Kim SJ, Cho CW. Investigation on the adsorption affinity of organic micropollutants on seaweed and its QSAR study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023:116349. [PMID: 37290627 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed, one of the most abundant biomaterials, can be used as a biosorbent to remove organic micropollutants. In order to effectively use seaweed to remove a variety of micropollutants, it is vital to rapidly estimate the adsorption affinity according to the types of micropollutants. Thus, the isothermal adsorption affinities of 31 organic micropollutants in neutral or ionic form on seaweed were measured, and a predictive model using quantitative structure-adsorption relationship (QSAR) modeling was developed. As a result, it was found that the types of micropollutants had a significant effect on the adsorption of seaweed, as expected, and QSAR modeling with a predictability (R2) of 0.854 and a standard error (SE) of 0.27 log units using a training set could be developed. The model's predictability was internally and externally validated using leave-one-out cross validation and a test set. Its predictability for the external validation set was R2 = 0.864, SE = 0.171 log units. Using the developed model, we identified the most important driving forces of the adsorption at the molecular level: Coulomb interaction of the anion, molecular volume, and H-bond acceptor and donor, which significantly affect the basic momentum of molecules on the surface of seaweed. Moreover, in silico calculated descriptors were applied to the prediction, and the results revealed reasonable predictability (R2 of 0.944 and SE of 0.17 log units). Our approach provides an understanding of the adsorption process of seaweed for organic micropollutants and an efficient prediction method to estimate the adsorption affinities of seaweed and micropollutants in neutral and ionic forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ra Jin
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Gyeon Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Been Mun
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Woong Cho
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-ro 77, Buk-gu, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Huang Q, Sun Q, Tang Z, Zeng X. K2CO3 pretreated okara enhances physicochemical, structural, and starch digestion properties in rice tofu, a traditional China snack. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Zhu J, Suhaimi F, Lim JY, Gao Z, Swarup S, Loh CS, Li J, Ong CN, Tan WK. A field study on using soybean waste-derived superabsorbent hydrogel to enhance growth of vegetables. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158141. [PMID: 35995171 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Food security is critical and has become a global concern with many of our basic food crops growing in areas with high drought risk. To improve soil water holding capacity, hydrogels are a promising solution. However, the current ones are mostly derived from petroleum products and are environmental unsustainable. In this study, the main objective is to determine if bio-based hydrogel can help in the growth of leafy vegetables while minimizing water use under field conditions. To achieve this, we developed an okara-derived hydrogel (Ok-PAA; OP) from by-products of bean curd and soybean milk production. We incorporated OP into soil and assessed the growth performance of leafy vegetables. We observed that vegetables grown with 0.2% (w/v) OP in soil with a watering frequency of 7 times per week resulted in >60 % and 35 % yield increase for the common Asian leafy vegetables, choy sum (CS) and pak choi (PC), respectively, as compared to without hydrogel supplementation. Both vegetables produced larger leaf areas (20-40 % increment) in the presence of the hydrogel as compared to those without. In addition, with OP amendment, the irrigation water use efficiency improved >60 % and 30 % for CS and PC, respectively. It is estimated that with the use of the hydrogel, a reduction in watering frequency from 21 times to 7 times per week could be achieved, and based on a per hectare estimation, this would result in 196,000 L of water saving per crop cycle. Statistical analysis and modelling further confirmed vegetables grown with 0.2 % (w/v) OP and with a watering frequency of 7 times per week showed the best growth performance and water use efficiency. Such a waste-to-resource approach offers a plant-based soil supplement for crop growers, contributes to waste valorization, and enhances the growth of plants especially under water-limited conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Zhu
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Fadhlina Suhaimi
- Singapore Food Agency, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, #14-01, Singapore 608550, Singapore
| | - Jing Ying Lim
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Zhengyang Gao
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Swarup
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering (SCELSE), Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Chiang Shiong Loh
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 7 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Wee Kee Tan
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, T-Lab, #02-01, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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Hydrogel Application in Urban Farming: Potentials and Limitations—A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132590. [PMID: 35808635 PMCID: PMC9268874 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban agriculture plays a vital role in ensuring the self-sufficiency of a great variety of fresh vegetables and nutrients. It promotes a sustainable food system as well as reducing the dependency on imports for the growing population. Urban farming has made it possible for agriculture practices to be implemented anywhere at any time in a sophisticated way. Hydrogel has been introduced in urban agriculture in the past few decades. However, the application of hydrogel in urban agriculture is still being explored in terms of hydrogel types, structure, physical and chemical properties, change due to external factors, and its suitability for different plant species. This review discusses the potentials and limitations of hydrogel in different application conditions. We present the state of knowledge on hydrogel production and crosslinking methods, hydrogel characteristics, water absorption and release mechanisms of hydrogel, hydrogel advantages and limitations, and current and future applications in urban farming.
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A highly efficient biomass-based adsorbent fabricated by graft copolymerization: Kinetics, isotherms, mechanism and coadsorption investigations for cationic dye and heavy metal. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 616:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Magalhães-Ghiotto GAV, Natal JPS, Nishi L, Barbosa de Andrade M, Gomes RG, Bergamasco R. Okara and okara modified and functionalized with iron oxide nanoparticles for the removal of Microcystis aeruginosa and cyanotoxin. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022:1-16. [PMID: 35138230 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophicating compounds promote the growth of cyanobacteria, which has the potential of releasing toxic compounds. Alternative raw materials, such as residues, have been used in efficient adsorption systems in water treatment. The aim of the present study was to apply the residue Okara in its original form and modified by hydrolysis with immobilization of magnetic nanoparticles as an adsorbent. For the removal, the cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa was chosen, as well as its secondary metabolites, L-amino acids leucine and arginine (MC-LR microcystin), from aqueous solutions. The adsorbents presented a negative surface charge, and the x-ray diffraction (DRX) outcomes successfully demonstrated the immobilization of iron oxide nanoparticles on the adsorbents. The adsorbent with the best result was the Okara hydrolyzed and functionalized with iron oxide, which showed a 47% (qe = 804.166 cel/g) and 85% (qe = 116.94 µg/L) removal for the cyanobacteria cells and chlorophyll-a, respectively. The kinetics study demonstrated a pseudo-first-order adsorption with maximal adsorption in 480 minutes, removing 761 µg/L of chlorophyll-a. In this trial, a low organic material removal has occurred, with a removal rate of 5% (qe = 0.024 mg/g) in the analysis of compounds in absorbance by ultraviolet light (UV) monitored by optical density determination in 254 nm (OD254). Nevertheless, the reaction system with the presence of organic material removed 53,28% of the MC-LR toxin, with adsorption capacities of 2.84 µg/L in a preliminary trial conducted for two hours, arising as a potential and alternative adsorbent with a capacity of removing cyanobacteria and cyanotoxin cells simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A V Magalhães-Ghiotto
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Jean P S Natal
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, Biological Sciences Center, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Letícia Nishi
- Department of Health Science, Technology Center, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | | | - Raquel G Gomes
- Department of Food Engineering, Technology Center, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Rosângela Bergamasco
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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Lv BW, Xu H, Guo JZ, Bai LQ, Li B. Efficient adsorption of methylene blue on carboxylate-rich hydrochar prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization of bamboo and acrylic acid with ammonium persulphate. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126741. [PMID: 34352526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrochar (AAHC) with rich carboxylate groups was prepared by one-step hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of bamboo and acrylic acid with the presence of ammonium persulphate, and then activated by a sodium hydroxide solution. AAHC was featured by elemental analysis, SEM, XPS, FTIR, Zeta potential analysis and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, and applied to test adsorptive ability of methylene blue (MB) by batch sorption experiments. Despite a small Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 5.03 m2·g-1, AAHC has excellent MB adsorbing capacity owing to the richness of carboxylate groups. Compared with hydrochar produced without adding ammonium persulphate, AAHC exhibits larger BET surface, pore volume and carboxylate groups, indicating a small amount of ammonium persulfate plays an important role in HTC in addition to the free radical initiator. This work provides a facile and cheap method combining HTC and polymerization for preparation of carboxylate-rich hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Lv
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Huan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Jian-Zhong Guo
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Li-Qun Bai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China
| | - Bing Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, PR China.
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Feng JY, Wang R, Thakur K, Ni ZJ, Zhu YY, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Evolution of okara from waste to value added food ingredient: An account of its bio-valorization for improved nutritional and functional effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Tortella GR, Pieretti JC, Rubilar O, Fernández-Baldo M, Benavides-Mendoza A, Diez MC, Seabra AB. Silver, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles in the fight against human viruses: progress and perspectives. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 42:431-449. [PMID: 34233551 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1939260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanomedicine has created a high demand for silver, copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. Due to their high reactivity and potent antimicrobial activity, silver and copper-based nanomaterials have been playing an important role in the search for new alternatives for the treatment of several issues of concern, such as pathologies caused by bacteria and viruses. Viral diseases are a significant and constant threat to public health. The most recent example is the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In this context, the object of the present review is to highlight recent progress in the biomedical uses of these metal nanoparticles for the treatment and prevention of human viral infections. We discuss the antiviral activity of AgNPs and Cu-based NPs, including their actions against SARS-CoV-2. We also discuss the toxicity, biodistribution and excretion of AgNPs and CuNPs, along with their uses in medical devices or on inert surfaces to avoid viral dissemination by fomites. The challenges and limitations of the biomedical use of these nanoparticles are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - J C Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - O Rubilar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - M Fernández-Baldo
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council
- Conicet · INQUISAL Instituto de Química San Luis, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - A Benavides-Mendoza
- Departamento de Horticultura, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - M C Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente, CIBAMA-BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.,Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
| | - A B Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
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Feng JY, Thakur K, Ni ZJ, Zhu YY, Hu F, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Effects of okara and vitamin B 2 bioenrichment on the functional properties and in vitro digestion of fermented soy milk. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110419. [PMID: 34112422 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Due to highly nutritious and well-known prebiotic nature, okara (soy by-product) can improve the physiological benefits of probiotic consumption by enhancing the physicochemical stability and bioavailability of bacteria and metabolites, partially in food matrices and then in gastrointestinal tract. Initially, vitamin B2 producing probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum UFG10 was immobilized with 4% okara for soy milk fermentation. SEM micrographs showed firm adherence of UFG10 to okara surface depicting efficient immobilization. Soy milk fermented with okara immobilized UFG10 showed enhanced β-glucosidase activity, stimulating the biotransformation of isoflavones from glucosides (daidzin, from 27.78 to 9.84 μg/mL; genistin, from 32.58 to 8.33 μg/mL) to aglycones (daidzein, from 0.19 to 30.84 μg/mL; genistein, from 1.42 to 33.10 μg/mL) and higher B2 production (1.53 μg/mL, 12 h) confirmed by HPLC. Okara addition and B2 enrichment could yield relatively higher antioxidant strength than control soy milk. PLSR correlation revealed the effects of okara and B2 on the functional properties of soy milk. After okara immobilization, soy milk showed higher soy protein digestibility after in vitro digestion for 225 min, higher aggregation, and lower protein molecular chains, qualitatively confirmed with Atomic force microscope. Okara immobilized bacterial cells exhibited relatively greater resistance up to 55.1% (p < 0.05) in simulated GIT, indicating okara as an ideal substrate for an efficient immobilization which ultimately improved the fate of soy B2 and protein bioaccessibility and functional products such as isoflavones for micro structural design of soy milk with improved nutrition and digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Feng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Yang Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Hu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, People's Republic of China.
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