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Zhang L, Liu J, Qin K, Wu C, Ma H, Zhou L. Evaluation of a novel lysis-based sample processing method to optimize Vibrio vulnificus detecting by loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38279108 PMCID: PMC10821308 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vibrio vulnificus exists as one of the most serious foodborne pathogens for humans, and rapid and sensitive detection methods are needed to control its infections. As an emerging method, The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay has been applied to the early detection of various foodborne pathogens due to its high efficiency, but sample preprocessing still prolongs the complete detection. To optimize the detection process, our study established a novel sample preprocessing method that was more efficient compared to common methods. RESULT Using V. vulnificus as the detecting pathogen, the water-lysis-based detecting LAMP method shortened the preprocessing time to ≤ 1 min with 100% LAMP specificity; the detection limits of the LAMP assay were decreased to 1.20 × 102 CFU/mL and 1.47 × 103 CFU/g in pure culture and in oyster, respectively. Furthermore, the 100% LAMP specificity and high sensitivity of the water-lysis method were also obtained on detecting V. parahaemolyticus, V. alginolyticus, and P. mirabilis, revealing its excellent LAMP adaption with improvement in sensitivity and efficiency. CONCLUSION Our study provided a novel LAMP preprocessing method that was more efficient compared to common methods and possessed the practical potential for LAMP application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jianfei Liu
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Kewei Qin
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Chenglin Wu
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hui Ma
- The Nursing Department of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Lijun Zhou
- Central Laboratory, The Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Ndraha N, Lin HY, Wang CY, Hsiao HI, Lin HJ. Rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens based on nucleic acid amplification: Recent advances, remaining challenges, and possible opportunities. FOOD CHEMISTRY. MOLECULAR SCIENCES 2023; 7:100183. [PMID: 37767229 PMCID: PMC10520789 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochms.2023.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a review of recent advancements in the utilization of NAA-based techniques for detecting foodborne pathogens in food products, focusing on studies conducted within the past five years. This review revealed that recent research efforts have primarily aimed at enhancing sensitivity and specificity by improving sample pre-treatment/preparation, DNA isolation, and readout methods. Isothermal-based amplification methods, such as LAMP, RPA, RAA, and RCA, have emerged as promising approaches, providing rapid results within one h and often demonstrating comparable or superior sensitivity to conventional or qPCR methods. However, the attention paid to specific pathogens varies, with Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., E. coli, and V. parahaemolyticus receiving more focus than norovirus and other similar pathogens. NAA-based methods have the potential to significantly contribute to food safety and public health protection. However, further advancements are necessary to fully realize their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nodali Ndraha
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Lin
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yow Wang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-I Hsiao
- Department of Food Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202301 Taiwan
| | - Han-Jia Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
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Qiao J, Zhao Z, Li Y, Lu M, Man S, Ye S, Zhang Q, Ma L. Recent advances of food safety detection by nucleic acid isothermal amplification integrated with CRISPR/Cas. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 37691410 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2246558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Food safety problems have become one of the most important public health issues worldwide. Therefore, the development of rapid, effective and robust detection is of great importance. Amongst a range of methods, nucleic acid isothermal amplification (NAIA) plays a great role in food safety detection. However, the widespread application remains limited due to a few shortcomings. CRISPR/Cas system has emerged as a powerful tool in nucleic acid detection, which could be readily integrated with NAIA to improve the detection sensitivity, specificity, adaptability versatility and dependability. However, currently there was a lack of a comprehensive summary regarding the integration of NAIA and CRISPR/Cas in the field of food safety detection. In this review, the recent advances in food safety detection based on CRISPR/Cas-integrated NAIA were comprehensively reviewed. To begin with, the development of NAIA was summarized. Then, the types and working principles of CRISPR/Cas were introduced. The applications of the integration of NAIA and CRISPR/Cas for food safety were mainly introduced and objectively discussed. Lastly, current challenges and future opportunities were proposed. In summary, this technology is expected to become an important approach for food safety detection, leading to a safer and more reliable food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Minghui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuli Man
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengying Ye
- Pharmacy Department, The 983th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the, Chinese People's Liberation Army, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Branch of Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industry Microbiology, National and Local United Engineering Lab of Metabolic Control Fermentation Technology, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, China
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Cao Y, Fang T, Shen J, Zhang G, Guo D, Zhao L, Jiang Y, Zhi S, Zheng L, Lv X, Yao Z, Yu D. Development of Recombinase Aided Amplification (RAA)-Exo-Probe Assay for the Rapid Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:1246-1253. [PMID: 37252814 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsad063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a significant cause of foodborne illness causing various gastrointestinal diseases including hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), the most severe form, which can lead to kidney failure or even death. OBJECTIVE Here, we report the development of recombinase aided amplification (RAA)-exo-probe assays targeting the stx1 and stx2 genes for the rapid detection of STEC in food samples. METHODS Primers and exo-probes were designed and optimized for the detection of stx1 and stx2 using RAA technology. The optimal STEC RAA-exo-probe assays were then tested for specificity and sensitivity, and validated in both spiked and real food samples. RESULTS These assays were found to be 100% specific to STEC strains and were also highly sensitive with a detection limit of 1.6 × 103 CFU/mL or 32 copies/reaction. Importantly, the assays were able to successfully detect STEC in spiked and real food samples (beef, mutton, and pork), with a detection limit as low as 0.35 CFU/25g in beef samples after an overnight enrichment step. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the RAA assay reactions completed within ∼20 min and were less dependent on expensive equipment, suggesting they can be easily adopted for in-field testing requiring only a fluorescent reader. HIGHLIGHTS As such, we have developed two rapid, sensitive, and specific assays that can be used for the routine monitoring of STEC contamination in food samples, particularly in the field or in poorly equipped labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Cao
- Ningbo University, Health Science Center, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Taisong Fang
- Zhejiang University, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Xihu District, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinling Shen
- Shanghai Customs, Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, 299 Mianbei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Dehua Guo
- Shanghai Customs, Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, 299 Mianbei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Lina Zhao
- Shanghai Customs, Technology Center for Animal Plant and Food Inspection and Quarantine, 299 Mianbei Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shuai Zhi
- Ningbo University, Health Science Center, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lin Zheng
- Ningbo University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, 59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaofei Lv
- China Jiliang University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 258 Xueyuan Street, Qiantang District, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Ningbo University, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 818 Fenghua Road, Jiangbei District, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Daniel Yu
- University of Alberta, School of Public Health, 116 Street and 85 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wang Z, Xu C, Yu C, Si Z, Huang D, Shen P, Fang M, Xu Z. Integration of a CRISPR Cas12a-assisted multicolor biosensor and a micropipette tip enables visible point-of-care testing of foodborne Vibrio vulnificus. Analyst 2023. [PMID: 37409577 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00714f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause numerous food safety problems, and as a virulent bacterium falling under this category, Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) poses a huge threat to public health. The conventional methods used for the detection of V. vulnificus, including culture-based and molecular detection methods, have a variety of drawbacks, including being time-consuming and labor-intensive, the requirement of large-scale equipment, and the lack of professional operators. This paper establishes a visible detection platform for V. vulnificus based on CRISPR/Cas12a, which is integrated with nucleic acid isothermal amplification and β-galactosidase-catalyzed visible color reaction. The specific vvhA gene and a conservative segment in the 16S rDNA gene of the Vibrio genus were selected as the detection targets. By using spectrum analysis, this CRISPR detection platform achieved sensitive detection of V. vulnificus (1 CFU per reaction) with high specificity. Through the color transformation system, as low as 1 CFU per reaction of V. vulnificus in both bacterial solution and artificially contaminated seafood could be visibly observed with the naked eye. Furthermore, the consistency between our assay and the qPCR assay in the detection of V. vulnificus spiked seafood was confirmed. In general, this visible detection platform is user-friendly, accurate, portable, and equipment-free, and is expected to provide a powerful supplement in point-of-care testing of V. vulnificus and also holds good promise for future application in foodborne pathogen detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Chutian Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Chengkai Yu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zhenjun Si
- Hangzhou FasTech Biotechnology Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Di Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Peijie Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Mengjun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
| | - Zhinan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China.
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Wu S, Yuan J, Xu A, Wang L, Li Y, Lin J, Yue X, Xi X. A Lab-on-a-Tube Biosensor Combining Recombinase-Aided Amplification and CRISPR-Cas12a with Rotated Magnetic Extraction for Salmonella Detection. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:830. [PMID: 37421063 DOI: 10.3390/mi14040830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foodborne pathogenic bacteria threaten worldwide public health, and simple bacterial detection methods are in urgent need. Here, we established a lab-on-a-tube biosensor for simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of foodborne bacteria. METHODS A rotatable Halbach cylinder magnet and an iron wire netting with magnetic silica beads (MSBs) were used for simple and effective extraction and purification of DNA from the target bacteria, and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) was combined with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated proteins12a(CRISPR-Cas12a) to amplify DNA and generate fluorescent signal. First, 15 mL of the bacterial sample was centrifuged, and the bacterial pellet was lysed by protease to release target DNA. Then, DNA-MSB complexes were formed as the tube was intermittently rotated and distributed uniformly onto the iron wire netting inside the Halbach cylinder magnet. Finally, the purified DNA was amplified using RAA and quantitatively detected by the CRISPR-Cas12a assay. RESULTS This biosensor could quantitatively detect Salmonella in spiked milk samples in 75 min, with a lower detection limit of 6 CFU/mL. The fluorescent signal of 102 CFU/mL Salmonella Typhimurium was over 2000 RFU, while 104 CFU/mL Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and E. coli O157:H7 were selected as non-target bacteria and had signals less than 500 RFU (same as the negative control). CONCLUSIONS This lab-on-a-tube biosensor integrates cell lysis, DNA extraction, and RAA amplification in one 15 mL tube to simplify the operation and avoid contamination, making it suitable for low-concentration Salmonella detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangyi Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanbin Li
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jianhan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinge Xi
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Cui H, Tu F, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhao K, Liu J, Dong S, Chen L, Liu J, Guo Z. Real-Time Reverse Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Rapid Amplification of the N Gene of SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315269. [PMID: 36499594 PMCID: PMC9736922 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 was officially declared a global pandemic disease on 11 March 2020, with severe implications for healthcare systems, economic activity, and human life worldwide. Fast and sensitive amplification of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acids is critical for controlling the spread of this disease. Here, a real-time reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay, targeting conserved positions in the nucleocapsid protein gene (N gene) of SARS-CoV-2, was successfully established for SARS-CoV-2. The assay was specific to SARS-CoV-2, and there was no cross-reaction with other important viruses. The sensitivity of the real-time RT-RAA assay was 142 copies per reaction at 95% probability. Furthermore, 100% concordance between the real-time RT-RAA and RT-qPCR assays was achieved after testing 72 clinical specimens. Further linear regression analysis indicated a significant correlation between the real-time RT-RAA and RT-qPCR assays with an R2 value of 0.8149 (p < 0.0001). In addition, the amplicons of the real-time RT-RAA assay could be directly visualized by a portable blue light instrument, making it suitable for the rapid amplification of SARS-CoV-2 in resource-limited settings. Therefore, the real-time RT-RAA method allows the specific, sensitive, simple, rapid, and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Cui
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Fei Tu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Chunmao Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- College of Animal Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Juxiang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Shishan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Ligong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +86-431-86985932 (J.L.); +86-431-86985975 (Z.G.)
| | - Zhendong Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130122, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (Z.G.); Tel.: +86-431-86985932 (J.L.); +86-431-86985975 (Z.G.)
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Development of CRISPR-Mediated Nucleic Acid Detection Technologies and Their Applications in the Livestock Industry. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13112007. [PMID: 36360244 PMCID: PMC9690124 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid rate of virus transmission and pathogen mutation and evolution highlight the necessity for innovative approaches to the diagnosis and prevention of infectious diseases. Traditional technologies for pathogen detection, mostly PCR-based, involve costly/advanced equipment and skilled personnel and are therefore not feasible in resource-limited areas. Over the years, many promising methods based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and the associated protein systems (CRISPR/Cas), i.e., orthologues of Cas9, Cas12, Cas13 and Cas14, have been reported for nucleic acid detection. CRISPR/Cas effectors can provide one-tube reaction systems, amplification-free strategies, simultaneous multiplex pathogen detection, visual colorimetric detection, and quantitative identification as alternatives to quantitative PCR (qPCR). This review summarizes the current development of CRISPR/Cas-mediated molecular diagnostics, as well as their design software and readout methods, highlighting technical improvements for integrating CRISPR/Cas technologies into on-site applications. It further highlights recent applications of CRISPR/Cas-based nucleic acid detection in livestock industry, including emerging infectious diseases, authenticity and composition of meat/milk products, as well as sex determination of early embryos.
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Zhang X, Shi Y, Chen G, Wu D, Wu Y, Li G. CRISPR/Cas Systems-Inspired Nano/Biosensors for Detecting Infectious Viruses and Pathogenic Bacteria. SMALL METHODS 2022; 6:e2200794. [PMID: 36114150 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202200794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious pathogens cause severe human illnesses and great deaths per year worldwide. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection of pathogens is of great importance for preventing infectious diseases caused by pathogens and optimizing medical healthcare systems. Inspired by a microbial defense system (i.e., CRISPR/ CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system, an adaptive immune system for protecting microorganisms from being attacked by invading species), a great many new biosensors have been successfully developed and widely applied in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, advanced nanotechnologies have also been integrated into these biosensors to improve their detection stability, sensitivity, and accuracy. In this review, the recent advance in CRISPR/Cas systems-based nano/biosensors and their applications in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria are comprehensively reviewed. First of all, the categories and working principles of CRISPR/Cas systems for establishing the nano/biosensors are simply introduced. Then, the design and construction of CRISPR/Cas systems-based nano/biosensors are comprehensively discussed. In the end, attentions are focused on the applications of CRISPR/Cas systems-based nano/biosensors in the detection of infectious viruses and pathogenic bacteria. Impressively, the remaining opportunities and challenges for the further design and development of CRISPR/Cas system-based nano/biosensors and their promising applications are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianlong Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yiheng Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT95DL, UK
| | - Yongning Wu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Research Unit (2019RU014) of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100021, P. R. China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, P. R. China
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