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Hashigami A, Tamura R, Takezaki C, Asano T, Yoshinaka T, Hirano K, Takemura A, Yamashita H, Nose A, Kozaki D. Multifunctional-separation-mode ion chromatography method for determining major metabolites during multiple parallel fermentation of rice wine. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38804516 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00591k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Facile and effective analysis methods are desirable for elucidating the behaviours of metabolites during fermentation reactions. Herein, a multifunctional-separation-mode ion chromatography (MFS-IC) method was developed for the simultaneous monitoring of major metabolites during multiple parallel fermentation, including those related to central carbon metabolism (saccharification, glycolysis, alcoholic fermentation, and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle). The use of two types of sulfo-modified size-exclusion columns and phthalic acid as the eluent allowed the separation of oligosaccharides (disaccharides, trisaccharides, and tetrasaccharides), glucose, pyruvate, and major organic acids during the TCA cycle (cis-aconitate, citrate, iso-citrate, malate, fumarate, and succinate but not α-ketoglutarate) from other non-target analytes. The MFS-IC method was successfully applied to monitoring the major metabolites in the rice wine brewing process. This approach can contribute to an improved understanding of metabolite behaviour during fermentation without requiring the use of expensive advanced instrumentation methods such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hashigami
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Ryousei Tamura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Takezaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
| | - Tohru Asano
- Department of Brewing, Tsukasa Botan Brewing Company, Limited, 1299 Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi 789-1201, Japan
| | - Taichi Yoshinaka
- Department of Brewing, Tsukasa Botan Brewing Company, Limited, 1299 Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi 789-1201, Japan
| | - Kentarou Hirano
- Department of Brewing, Tsukasa Botan Brewing Company, Limited, 1299 Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi 789-1201, Japan
| | - Akihiko Takemura
- Department of Brewing, Tsukasa Botan Brewing Company, Limited, 1299 Ko, Sakawa-cho, Takaoka-gun, Kochi 789-1201, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamashita
- Higuchi Matsunosuke Shoten Company, Limited, 1-14-2, Harimacho, Abeno-ku, Osaka-shi, Osaka-fu 545-0022, Japan
| | - Akira Nose
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Human Ecology, Yasuda Women's University, 6-13-1, Yasuhigashi, Hiroshima Asaminami-ku, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono-cho, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520, Japan.
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Pan Y, Han X, Xu H, Wu W, Liu X, Li Y, Xue C. Elevated atmospheric CO 2 delays the key timing for split N applications to improve wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) protein composition. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1186890. [PMID: 37409303 PMCID: PMC10318929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1186890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Late stage nitrogen (N) applications following basic fertilization are commonly used to ensure grain yield and increase grain protein content in wheat. Split N applications at the late growth stage of wheat are an effective measure to improve N absorption and transport and thus increase grain protein content. However, whether split N applications can alleviate the decrease in grain protein content induced by elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) remains unclear. In the present study, a free-air CO2 enrichment system was used to investigate the effects of split N applications (at booting or anthesis) on grain yield, N utilization, protein content, and the composition of wheat under atmospheric (ACO2; 400 ± 15 ppm) and elevated CO2 concentrations (ECO2; 600 ± 15 ppm). The results showed that wheat grain yield and grain N uptake increased by 5.0% (being grains per ear by 3.0%, 1000-grain weight by 2.0%, and harvest index by 1.6%) and 4.3%, respectively, whereas grain protein content decreased by 2.3% under ECO2 conditions. Although the negative effect of e[CO2] on grain protein content was not alleviated by split N applications, gluten protein content was enhanced due to the alteration of N distribution in different protein fractions (albumins, globulins, gliadins, and glutenins). Compared to that without split N applications, the gluten content of wheat grains increased by 4.2% and 4.5% when late stage N was applied at the booting stage under ACO2 and anthesis under ECO2 conditions, respectively. The results indicate that rational handling of N fertilizers may be a promising approach to coordinating grain yield and quality under the effects of future climate change. However, compared to ACO2 conditions, the key timing for improving grain quality by split N applications should be postponed from the booting stage to anthesis under e[CO2] conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xue Han
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huasen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Climate Change of Agriculture Ministry, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Key Laboratory for Farmland Eco-Environment of Hebei/College of Resources and Environmental Science, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Zhong Y, Chen Y, Pan M, Wang H, Sun J, Chen Y, Cai J, Zhou Q, Wang X, Jiang D. Insights into the Functional Components in Wheat Grain: Spatial Pattern, Underlying Mechanism and Cultivation Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112192. [PMID: 37299171 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is a staple crop; its production must achieve both high yield and good quality due to worldwide demands for food security and better quality of life. It has been found that the grain qualities vary greatly within the different layers of wheat kernels. In this paper, the spatial distributions of protein and its components, starch, dietary fiber, and microelements are summarized in detail. The underlying mechanisms regarding the formation of protein and starch, as well as spatial distribution, are discussed from the views of substrate supply and the protein and starch synthesis capacity. The regulating effects of cultivation practices on gradients in composition are identified. Finally, breakthrough solutions for exploring the underlying mechanisms of the spatial gradients of functional components are presented. This paper will provide research perspectives for producing wheat that is both high in yield and of good quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Zhong
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mingsheng Pan
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengtong Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yang Chen
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Cai
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Liu A, Kim E, Cui J, Li J, Lee Y, Zhang G. Laminaria Japonica Polysaccharide Improved the Productivities and Systemic Health of Ducks by Mediating the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7382-7395. [PMID: 37150978 PMCID: PMC10197123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the beneficial effects of a Laminaria japonica polysaccharide (LJPS) on the systemic health of ducks by modulating the gut microbiome and metabolome. Our findings demonstrated that the LJPS supplementation enhanced the overall growth performance and physiological immune and antioxidant index of ducks. In addition, the LJPS-fed group significantly increased abundances of intestinal Bacteroides and Prevotellaceae with decreased α-diversity than that in the control group. Among the total of 1840 intestinal metabolites, 186 metabolites were identified to be differentially regulated by LJPS feeding (upregulated 143 metabolites and downregulated 43 metabolites), which is closely associated with some of the growth-related metabolic pathways. Lastly, the correlation analysis recapitulates that the beneficial effects of LJPS underlie the alterations in intestinal microbiota and metabolites. Taken together, LJPS supplementation improved the physiological parameters and richness of some beneficial microbes and upregulated certain metabolic pathways, which facilitated better productivities and systemic health of ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anxin Liu
- Department
of Nutrition, China−Korea Joint R&D Center on Plant-Derived
Functional Polysaccharide, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization
of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea−China Joint R&D
Center on Plant-Derived Functional Polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Jiamei Cui
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea−China Joint R&D
Center on Plant-Derived Functional Polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Jing Li
- Department
of Nutrition, China−Korea Joint R&D Center on Plant-Derived
Functional Polysaccharide, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization
of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
| | - Yunkyoung Lee
- Department
of Food Science and Nutrition, and Korea−China Joint R&D
Center on Plant-Derived Functional Polysaccharide, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
- Interdisciplinary
Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology & Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, South Korea
| | - Guiguo Zhang
- Department
of Nutrition, China−Korea Joint R&D Center on Plant-Derived
Functional Polysaccharide, Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization
of Non-Grain Feed Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Taian 271018, China
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