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Sarangi PK, Srivastava RK, Vivekanand V, Goksen G, Sahoo UK, Thakur TK, Debeaufort F, Uysal-Unalan I, Pugazhendhi A. Recovery of green phenolic compounds from lignin-based source: Role of ferulic acid esterase towards waste valorization and bioeconomic perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 256:119218. [PMID: 38782335 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The production of chemicals/products so far relies on fossil-based resources with the creation of several environmental problems at the global level. In this situation, a sustainable and circular economy model is necessitated to mitigate global environmental issues. Production of biowaste from various processing industries also creates environmental issues which would be valorized for the production of industrially important reactive and bioactive compounds. Lignin acts as a vital part in biowaste composition which can be converted into a wide range of phenolic compounds. The phenolic compounds have attracted much attention, owing to their influence on diverse not only organoleptic parameters, such as taste or color, but also active agents for active packaging systems. Crop residues of varied groups, which are an affluent source of lignocellulosic biomass could serve as a renewable resource for the biosynthesis of ferulic acid (FA). FA is obtained by the FA esterase enzyme action, and it can be further converted into various tail end phenolic flavor green compounds like vanillin, vanillic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid. Lignin being renewable in nature, processing and management of biowastes towards sustainability is the need as far as the global industrial point is concerned. This review explores all the approaches for conversion of lignin into value-added phenolic compounds that could be included to packaging applications. These valorized products can exhibit the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, and due to these features can emerge to incorporate them into production of functional foods and be utilization of them at active food packaging application. These approaches would be an important step for utilization of the recovered bioactive compounds at the nutraceutical and food industrial sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajesh Kumar Srivastava
- Department of Biotechnology, GST, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), Visakhapatnam, 530045, A.P., India
| | - Vivekanand Vivekanand
- Center for Energy and Environment, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, 302 017, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | | | - Frederic Debeaufort
- Department of BioEngineering, Institute of Technology Dijon Auxerre, University of Burgundy, 7 Blvd Docteur Petitjean, 20178 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Ilke Uysal-Unalan
- Department of Food Science, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark; CiFOOD - Center for Innovative Food Research, Aarhus University, Agro Food Park 48, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Mailänder LK, Nosrati Gazafroudi K, Greiß M, Lorenz P, Nicolay S, Gründemann C, Stintzing FC, Daniels R, Kammerer DR. Impact of Fermentation on the Phytochemical Profile and Bioactivity Characteristics of Aqueous Matricaria recutita L. Root Extracts. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400159. [PMID: 38563619 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While the flowers of Matricaria recutita L., German chamomile, are widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes, little is known about its roots, which are used in complementary medicine for the preparation of aqueous fermented extracts for the treatment of cramps and anxiety. To broaden the understanding of the active principles involved, a model fermentation approach was developed and fermentates were compared to commercially manufactured tinctures. Coumarins and hydroxycinnamates were among the major secondary metabolites characterized using HPLC-MSn. After six months of fermentation and storage, low-molecular organic acids were detected by GC-MS. Fermentation contributed to the stabilization of antioxidant and radical scavenging activities, which were in a range of about 8-10 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight and 20-24 mg trolox equivalents/g dry weight, determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH assays, respectively. In addition, antibacterial activities of the extracts against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria increased during the first week of fermentation. Fermentates were neither cytotoxic nor pro- or anti-inflammatory. Thus, fermentation of chamomile roots is a suitable method for the safe production of biofunctional aqueous chamomile root extracts that remain stable without the addition of synthetic preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilo K Mailänder
- Department of Analytical, Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, DE-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, DE-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Khadijeh Nosrati Gazafroudi
- Department of Analytical, Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, DE-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, DE-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marit Greiß
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstr. 28, DE-70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Lorenz
- Department of Analytical, Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, DE-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Sven Nicolay
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Mattenstraße 22, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Mattenstraße 22, CH-4058, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Florian C Stintzing
- Department of Analytical, Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, DE-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, DE-72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar R Kammerer
- Department of Analytical, Development and Research, Section Phytochemical Research, WALA Heilmittel GmbH, Dorfstraße 1, DE-73087, Bad Boll/Eckwälden, Germany
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Yamaki Y, Seo H, Hatano A, Suzuki M, Niikura K. Structure-dependent detection of polyphenols using crown ether-immobilized gold nanoparticles. RSC Adv 2024; 14:16870-16875. [PMID: 38799214 PMCID: PMC11123615 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02182g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles functionalized with 18-crown 6-ether (18C6-AuNPs) can be used for detection of tannic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate by color change in the μg mL-1 range. 18C6-AuNPs were insensitive to l-ascorbic acid and l-tyrosine unlike conventional detection methods, such as Folin & Ciocalteu assay, whose principle is based on the redox reaction of polyphenols. Although 18C6-AuNPs did not respond to some polyphenols, such as gallic acid and epicatechin, if the polyphenols of interest are responsive to this approach, these are expected to be effective nanomaterial for simple sensing of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology Japan
| | - Hiroki Seo
- Graduate School of Environmental Symbiotic System Major, Nippon Institute of Technology Minamisaitama-Gun Saitama 345-8501 Japan
| | - Akihiko Hatano
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama-City Saitama 337-8570 Japan
| | - Manabu Suzuki
- Research & Development Center for Advanced Materials and Technology, Nippon Institute of Technology Japan
| | - Kenichi Niikura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Fundamental Engineering, Nippon Institute of Technology Japan
- Graduate School of Environmental Symbiotic System Major, Nippon Institute of Technology Minamisaitama-Gun Saitama 345-8501 Japan
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4
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Niziołek K, Słota D, Sadlik J, Kosińska E, Korzeń K, Jampilek J, Sobczak-Kupiec A. Sideritis raeseri-Modified Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V as a Carrier for Controlled Delivery Systems of Active Substances. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2250. [PMID: 38793317 PMCID: PMC11122947 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The search for the ideal metallic material for an implant is still a difficult challenge for scientists due to the phenomenon of corrosion and the consequent disruption of the implant structure. Prevention is the application of coatings that protect the implant, activate the tissues for faster regeneration, and also prevent inflammation through antibacterial and antiviral effects. The present study focuses on the selection of components for a Ti-6Al-4V alloy coating. These days, researchers are taking an intense interest in extracts of natural origin. It was decided to take a look at Sideritis raeseri, which contains vitamins and valuable elements and is rich in polyphenols, as well as antioxidants. The composition of coatings based on a PEG polymer reinforced with brushite and the S. raeseri extract with the proteins L-carnosine, fibroin, or sericin was developed. The samples were subjected to detailed physiochemical analysis, including potentiometry and electrical conductivity analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and UV-VIS spectroscopy. The study demonstrated that polyphenols were successfully released from the coatings during incubation in vitro. The osteointegration process can be supported by a number of factors, such as the release of polyphenols from implant coatings to prevent bacterial, viral, and fungal infections. Subjecting the samples to 14 days of incubation demonstrated their interactions with the incubation fluids, an ion exchange between the medium and the materials. An analysis of the surface morphology exhibited the presence of brushite crystals and their increased number after incubation, indicating the bioactivity of the formed coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Niziołek
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Słota
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Sadlik
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Edyta Kosińska
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Klaudia Korzeń
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
| | - Josef Jampilek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, Slechtitelu 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Agnieszka Sobczak-Kupiec
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Physics, Cracow University of Technology, 37 Jana Pawła II Av., 31-864 Krakow, Poland
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Huang Y, Li C, Zheng S, Fu X, Huang Q, Liu G, Chen Q. Influence of Three Modification Methods on the Structure, Physicochemical, and Functional Properties of Insoluble Dietary Fiber from Rosa roxburghii Tratt Pomace. Molecules 2024; 29:2111. [PMID: 38731600 PMCID: PMC11085671 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace is rich in insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). This study aimed to investigate the influence of three modification methods on Rosa roxburghii Tratt pomace insoluble dietary fiber (RIDF). The three modified RIDFs, named U-RIDF, C-RIDF, and UC-RIDF, were prepared using ultrasound, cellulase, and a combination of ultrasound and cellulase methods, respectively. The structure, physicochemical characteristics, and functional properties of the raw RIDF and modified RIDF were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that all three modification methods, especially the ultrasound-cellulase combination treatment, increased the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content of RIDF, while also causing a transition in surface morphology from smooth and dense to wrinkled and loose structures. Compared with the raw RIDF, the modified RIDF, particularly UC-RIDF, displayed significantly improved water-holding capacity (WHC), oil-binding capacity (OHC), and swelling capacity (SC), with increases of 12.0%, 84.7%, and 91.3%, respectively. Additionally, UC-RIDF demonstrated the highest nitrite ion adsorption capacity (NIAC), cholesterol adsorption capacity (CAC), and bile salt adsorption capacity (BSAC). In summary, the combination of ultrasound and cellulase treatment proved to be an efficient approach for modifying IDF from RRTP, with the potential for developing a functional food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
| | - Chao Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
| | - Siyuan Zheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
| | - Guang Liu
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China;
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.H.)
- School of Food and Health, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou 510405, China
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6
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Ćwieląg-Piasecka I, Łyczko J, Jamroz E, Kocowicz A, Kawałko D. Antioxidant capacity sources of soils under different land uses. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8394. [PMID: 38600181 PMCID: PMC11006951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58994-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants (AOX) in soils originate mainly from secondary plant metabolites and are pivotal in many redox processes in environment, maintaining soil quality. Still, little is known about the influence of land uses on their accumulation in soil. The aim of the paper was to determine the content of these redox-active compounds in the extracts of A horizons of abandoned fallows, arable and woodland soils. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of soils under various uses and vegetation was evaluated in different soil extracts using Folin-Ciocâlteu method. The contribution of humic acids to TAC was determined and antioxidant profiles estimated using the chromatographic GC-MS method. Forest soils exhibited the highest TAC (15.5 mg g-1) and AOX contents (4.34 mg g-1), which were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content. It was estimated that humic acids contribute to over 50% of TAC in soils. The main phenolics in woodland A horizons were isovanillic and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (p-HA), while esculetin and p-HA predominated in the abandoned fallows due to the prevalence of herbaceous vegetation. Cultivated soils were the most abundant in p-HA (56.42%). In the studied topsoils, there were considerable amounts of aliphatic organic matter, which role in redox processes should be further evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 53-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Jamroz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kocowicz
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kawałko
- Institute of Soil Science, Plant Nutrition and Environmental Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53 St., 50-357, Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Yener E, Saroglu O, Sagdic O, Karadag A. The Effects of Different Drying Methods on the In Vitro Bioaccessibility of Phenolics, Antioxidant Capacity, and Morphology of European Plums ( Prunes domestica L.). ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12711-12724. [PMID: 38524419 PMCID: PMC10955707 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Four different drying methods, hot-air-drying (HAD), vacuum-drying (VD), ultrasound-assisted vacuum-drying (US-VD), and freeze-drying (FD), were used to obtain dried plums (Prunes domesticaL.). These prunes were evaluated for their physical properties (such as color, rehydration ratio, and microstructural properties), phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities before and after being subjected to in vitro digestion. TPC (total phenolic content) of plums ranged from 196.84 to 919.58 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalent)/100 g of dw, and neochlorogenic acid was the most abundant phenolic compound. FD prunes had the highest levels of phenolics, whereas US-VD caused the most significant loss. During in vitro digestion, the phenolics were present at higher levels at the gastric medium but failed to maintain their stability at the small intestinal stage. Among the samples, FD along with HAD prunes exhibited a higher bioaccessibility index for most of the phenolic compounds. The ratios of TPC, TFC (total flavonoid content), and individual phenolics determined in the digested residues to the initial values of the undigested samples ranged from 0.23 to 31.03%. It could be concluded that the majority of the phenolics were extracted during digestion. Our findings showed that the different drying methods would alter the microstructure, which would affect the extractability and release of phenolics in the simulated digestion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Yener
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
- Food
Institute, TUBITAK Marmara Research Center, Gebze 41470, Turkey
| | - Oznur Saroglu
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Sagdic
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Karadag
- Department
of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
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Carreira ARF, Nogueira AFM, Rocha ILD, Sosa F, da Costa Lopes AM, Passos H, Schaeffer N, Coutinho JAP. Repurposing Kraft black Liquor as Reductant for Enhanced Lithium-Ion Battery Leaching. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301801. [PMID: 38323919 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The economic advantages of H2 SO4 make it the acid of choice for the hydrometallurgical treatment of waste lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, to facilitate the full dissolution of the higher valency metal oxides present in the cathode black mass, a suitable reducing agent is required. Herein, the application of industrial black liquor (BL) obtained from the Kraft pulping for papermaking is investigated as a renewable reducing agent for the enhanced leaching of transition metals from LIB powder with H2 SO4 . The addition of acidified BL to H2 SO4 significantly improved the leaching efficiency for a range of LIB cathode chemistries, with the strongest effect observed for manganese-rich active material. Focusing on NMC111 (LiMnx Coy Niz O2 ) material, a linear correlation between the BL concentration and the leaching yield of Mn was obtained, with the best overall leaching efficiencies being achieved for 2.0 mol L-1 H2 SO4 and 50 vol % of BL at 353 K. A quasi-total degradation of oxygenated and aromatic groups from the BL during NMC111 dissolution was observed after leaching, suggesting that these chemical groups are essential for LIB reduction. Finally, the leached transition metals could be easily recovered by pH adjustment and oxalic acid addition, closing the resource loop and fostering resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R F Carreira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André F M Nogueira
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês L D Rocha
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipe Sosa
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - André M da Costa Lopes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- CECOLAB - Collaborative Laboratory Towards Circular Economy, R. Nossa Senhora da Conceição, 3405-155, Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal
| | - Helena Passos
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nicolas Schaeffer
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - João A P Coutinho
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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9
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Ali A, Asgher Z, Cottrell JJ, Dunshea FR. Screening and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Selected Unripe Fruits and Their Antioxidant Potential. Molecules 2023; 29:167. [PMID: 38202750 PMCID: PMC10779760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The food sector's interest in sustainability and the demand for novel bioactive compounds are increasing. Many fruits are wasted every year before ripening due to various climatic conditions and harsh weather. Unripe mangoes, grapes, and black lemons could be rich sources of phenolic compounds that need to be fully elucidated. Using fruit waste as a source of bioactive chemicals has grown increasingly appealing as it may have significant economic benefits. Polyphenols are beneficial for human health to inhibit or minimize oxidative stress and can be used to develop functional and nutraceutical food products. In this context, this study aimed to characterize and screen unripe mangoes, grapes, and black lemons for phenolic compounds using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS and their antioxidant activities. Unripe mangoes were quantified with higher total phenolic content (TPC, 58.01 ± 6.37 mg GAE/g) compared to black lemon (23.08 ± 2.28 mg GAE/g) and unripe grapes (19.42 ± 1.16 mg GAE/g). Furthermore, unripe mangoes were also measured with higher antioxidant potential than unripe grapes and black lemons. A total of 85 phenolic compounds (70 in black lemons, 49 in unripe grapes, and 68 in unripe mango) were identified, and 23 phenolic compounds were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Procyanidin B2, gallic acid, epicatechin, caffeic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid were measured with higher concentration in these selected unripe fruits. A positive correlation was found between phenolic contents and the antioxidant activities of unripe fruits. Furthermore, chemometric analysis was conducted to validate the results. This study will explore the utilization of these unripe fruits to develop functional and therapeutic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Ali
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Z.A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Zeshan Asgher
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Z.A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Jeremy J. Cottrell
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Z.A.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Frank R. Dunshea
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (A.A.); (Z.A.); (J.J.C.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, The University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
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