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Yao Q, Zhang W, Wang Y, Shi L, Zhao Y, Liang J, Zhao Y, Kang J, Zheng X, Guo R, Yuan T, She Y, Liu Z. Lactobacillus plantarum and Galacto-Oligosaccharides Synbiotic Relieve Irritable Bowel Syndrome by Reshaping Gut Microbiota and Attenuating Mast Cell Hyperactivation. Nutrients 2025; 17:1670. [PMID: 40431410 PMCID: PMC12113827 DOI: 10.3390/nu17101670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2025] [Revised: 05/06/2025] [Accepted: 05/07/2025] [Indexed: 05/29/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) significantly impairs the lifestyle and quality of life of the global population. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain largely elusive. While conventional pharmacological approaches show limited therapeutic efficacy, emerging microbiota-targeted dietary interventions present promising alternatives. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which a synbiotic mitigates IBS and associated colonic dysfunctions in C57BL/6 mice. METHODS The mouse model was induced by a Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) infection combined with water avoidance stress (WAS). Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) were identified as the optimal carbon source for the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum ZYC501 (L. plantarum ZYC501), leading to the establishment of the synbiotic formulation. RESULTS The 32-day synbiotic intervention, consisting of L. plantarum ZYC501 (1 × 109 CFU/day) and GOS (10 g/L, w/w), significantly alleviated colonic transit dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity, and anxiety-like behaviors in IBS mice. The synbiotic treatment significantly inhibited the expression levels of histamine, mast cell tryptase, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (p < 0.05). The synbiotic also suppressed colonic inflammation by reducing the levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), TNF-α, and IL-6 (p < 0.05). Moreover, the synbiotic increased the expression of MUC2 and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), including acetate, propionate, and butyrate (p < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota modulation, the synbiotic reshaped the gut microbiota composition, increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Akkermansia while decreasing the levels of Helicobacter and Saccharibacteria. Correlation analysis further revealed a strong association among SCFAs, colonic inflammation, and the gut microbiota. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the synbiotic composed of L. plantarum ZYC501 and GOS effectively alleviates IBS and associated colonic dysfunctions by modulating the gut microbiota, reducing mast cell hyperactivity, and enhancing colonic barrier integrity. These findings provide a theoretical basis for developing gut microbiota-targeted dietary interventions for the management of IBS and improvement in gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Yuze Wang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Le Shi
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Yixiao Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Jiarui Liang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Yu Zhao
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Jiawei Kang
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Xudong Zheng
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Tian Yuan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Yongbo She
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Chemistry and Nutrition of Food, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China; (Q.Y.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (L.S.); (Y.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (J.K.); (X.Z.); (R.G.)
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Northwest A&F University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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