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Chen Y, Wang T, Liang H, Ma D, Zhan R, Yang J, Yang P. Functional Characterization and Catalytic Activity Improvement of Borneol Acetyltransferase from Wurfbainia longiligularis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38813660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
In plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis, acylation is a diverse physiological process, with BAHD acyltransferases playing an essential role. Borneol acetyltransferase (BAT) is an alcohol acetyltransferase, which catalyzes borneol and acetyl-CoA to synthesize bornyl acetate (BA). However, the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of BA have so far only been characterized in Wurfbainia villosa, the studies on the WvBATs have only been conducted in vitro, and the catalytic activity was relatively low. In this research, three genes (WlBAT1, WlBAT2, and WlBAT3) have been identified to encode BATs that are capable of acetylating borneol to synthesize BA in vitro. We also determined that WlBAT1 has the highest catalytic efficiency for borneol-type substrates, including (+)-borneol, (-)-borneol, and isoborneol. Furthermore, we found that BATs could catalyze a wide range of substrate types in vitro, but in vivo, they exclusively catalyzed borneol-type substrates. Through molecular simulations and site-directed mutagenesis, it was revealed that residues D32, N36, H168, N297, N355, and H384 are crucial for the catalytic activity of WlBAT1, while the R382I-D385R double mutant of WlBAT1 exhibited an increasing acylation efficiency for borneol-type substrates in vitro and in vivo. These findings offer key genetic elements for the metabolic engineering of plants and synthetic biology to produce BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Huilin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dongming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ruoting Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinfen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource from Lingnan (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Synthetic Biology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua 418000, China
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2
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Liu G, Chen Q, Gou M, Bi J. Formation of key aroma-active and off-flavor components in concentrated peach puree. Food Chem 2024; 439:138105. [PMID: 38043287 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-volatiles offer some insight into the formation of aroma-active components in peach puree (PP), but more depth investigation is still needed. Formation pathways of key aroma-active and off-flavor components in PP during thermal concentration (PP + C) and sterilization (PP + C + S) are unclear. Therefore, GC-O-MS combined with UPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the volatile and nonvolatile components and their formation pathways. Among the 36 aroma-active compounds, the contents of γ-decalactone, hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, hexanal, and 1-hexanol (odor activity value ≥ 1) decreased by 46 %, 100 %, 100 %, 92 %, and 100 % between PP and PP + C + S, causing the weakening of "green" and "fruity" attributes. Off-flavor components including 1-octen-3-one, isobutyric acid, isothiazole, and isovaleric acid were identified during thermal processing. 1-Octen-3-one content increased by 75 % from PP to PP + C + S through linolenic acid metabolism, which contributed to "cooked"; the formation of isobutyric and isovaleric acids, isothiazole, resulted in the enhancement of "sour/rancid" via serine and leucine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Min Gou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Xu K, Qin J, Wang D, Xu L, Wang C. Identification and biochemical characterization of a carboxylesterase gene associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in Dermanyssus gallinae. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103612. [PMID: 38492248 PMCID: PMC10959707 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dermanyssus gallinae is a major hematophagous ectoparasite in layer hens. Although the acaricide β-cypermethrin has been used to control mites worldwide, D. gallinae has developed resistance to this compound. Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are important detoxification enzymes that confer resistance to β-cypermethrin in arthropods. However, CarEs associated with β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae have not yet been functionally characterized. Here, we isolated a CarE gene (Deg-CarE) from D. gallinae and assayed its activity. The results revealed significantly higher expression of Deg-CarE in the β-cypermethrin-resistant strain (RS) than in the susceptible strain (SS) toward α-naphthyl acetate (α-NA) and β-naphthyl acetate (β-NA). These findings suggest that enhanced esterase activities might have contributed to β-cypermethrin resistance in D. gallinae. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that Deg-CarE expression levels were significantly higher in adults than in other life stages. Although Deg-CarE was upregulated in the RS, significant differences in gene copy numbers were not observed. Additionally, Deg-CarE expression was significantly induced by β-cypermethrin in both the SS and RS. Moreover, silencing Deg-CarE via RNA interference decreased the enzyme activity and increased the susceptibility of the RS to β-cypermethrin, confirming that Deg-CarE is crucial for β-cypermethrin detoxification. Finally, recombinant Deg-CarE (rDeg-CarE) expressed in Escherichia coli displayed high enzymatic activity toward α/β-NA. However, metabolic analysis indicated that rDeg-CarE did not directly metabolize β-cypermethrin. The collective findings indicate that D. gallinae resistance to β-cypermethrin is associated with elevated CarEs protein activity and increased Deg-CarE expression levels. These findings provide insights into the metabolic resistance of D. gallinae and offer scientific guidance for the management and control of D. gallinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Jianhua Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Dehe Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Lijun Xu
- Baoding Livestock Husbandry workstation, Baoding 071023, Hebei, China
| | - Chuanwen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
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4
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Qi L, Li X, Zang N, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Du Y, Sun J, Mostafa I, Yin Z, Wang A. Genome-wide identification of CXE and PuCXE15 functions in the catabolism of volatile ester in 'Nanguo' pear fruit. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 203:107996. [PMID: 37688900 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Volatile esters are the main aromatic components that affect consumer sensory preferences. Aroma is a crucial characteristic of the 'Nanguo' pear (Pyrus ussriensis Maxim). Carboxylesterases (CXEs) are positively correlated with the catabolism of volatile esters in peaches; however, the mechanism of action of CXE family members in 'Nanguo' pear is poorly understood. In this study, 40 PuCXEs were identified in the 'Nanguo' pear and assigned into seven groups. In addition, we found that most PuCXEs were relatively conserved and contained cytoplasmic proteins. This hypothesis was supported by phylogenetic analysis, investigation of conserved domains and gene structures, and prediction of subcellular localization. Based on the content of volatile esters and expression levels of PuCXEs analysis, four PuCXEs, including PuCXE7, PuCXE15, PuCXE20, and PuCXE25, had a significant negative correlation with volatile ester accumulation. Particularly, the correlation of PuCXE15 far exceeded that of the other PuCXEs. The results of the transient expression assay showed that PuCXE15 promoted the degradation of ester in vivo. Subcellular localization experiment revealed that PuCXE15 is located in the plasma membrane and nucleus. These results show that PuCXE15 functions in the catabolism of volatile ester in 'Nanguo' pear fruit, and provides a foundation for enhancing aroma quality by artificial control in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Nannan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yueming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuqi Du
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Jianan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Zepeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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5
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Wang D, Zhang J, Chen WY, Zhai H, Jiang Y. Cinnamon essential oil vapor alleviates the reduction of aroma-related volatiles in cold-stored "Feicheng" peach using HS-GC-IMS. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1122534. [PMID: 37476402 PMCID: PMC10354291 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1122534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
"Feicheng" peach is popular for its unique aroma, but its defect of being highly sensitive to chilling injury (CI) often leads to aroma loss and internal browning. Essential oils (EOs) are often used to enhance the antioxidant capacity of plants and fruits, as well as to trigger their defense against biotic/abiotic stresses. This study aimed to examine the effect of cinnamon essential oil (CEO) vapor treatment on the aroma quality of peach fruit during cold storage using HS-GC-IMS. The results showed that 50 μL/L CEO vapor reduced the severity of internal browning (IB) in peaches at the stage of 7 ~ 21 d during refrigeration (Significantly, the L* value was higher and the IB index was lower than that of control, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the evident reduction or loss of aroma content caused by CI was restored to a higher level than the control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CEO treatment promoted the release of aroma-related volatiles as evidenced by more propyl acetate, and the dimer of amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, butyl acetate detected than that on harvest day and no-treated group after 21 d of cold storage plus 2 d of shelf life. Genes of PpLOX1, PpLOX2, PpHPL1 and PpADH1 associated with aroma-related volatile biosynthesis revealed higher transcript abundance in peach fruits treated with CEO than the control (p < 0.05). Overall, our study demonstrated that CEO in vapor phase may be beneficial to alleviate the quality deterioration in aroma and flesh color of "Feicheng" peaches caused by CI, which lays a theoretical reference for maintaining postharvest quality of peach fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Wen-yu Chen
- Feicheng Peach Industry Development Center, Tai’an, China
| | - Hao Zhai
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
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6
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Li X, Wang J, Su M, Zhang M, Hu Y, Du J, Zhou H, Yang X, Zhang X, Jia H, Gao Z, Ye Z. Multiple-statistical genome-wide association analysis and genomic prediction of fruit aroma and agronomic traits in peaches. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad117. [PMID: 37577398 PMCID: PMC10419450 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
'Chinese Cling' is an important founder in peach breeding history due to the pleasant flavor. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) combined with genomic selection are promising tools in fruit tree breeding, as there is a considerable time lapse between crossing and release of a cultivar. In this study, 242 peaches from Shanghai germplasm were genotyped with 145 456 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The six agronomic traits of fruit flesh color, fruit shape, fruit hairiness, flower type, pollen sterility, and soluble solids content, along with 14 key volatile odor compounds (VOCs), were recorded for multiple-statistical GWAS. Except the reported candidate genes, six novel genes were identified as associated with these traits. Thirty-nine significant SNPs were associated with eight VOCs. The putative candidate genes were confirmed for VOCs by RNA-seq, including three genes in the biosynthesis pathway found to be associated with linalool, soluble solids content, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Multiple-trait genomic prediction enhanced the predictive ability for γ-decalactone to 0.7415 compared with the single-trait model value of 0.1017. One PTS1-SSR marker was designed to predict the linalool content, and the favorable genotype 187/187 was confirmed, mainly existing in the 'Shanghai Shuimi' landrace. Overall, our findings will be helpful in determining peach accessions with the ideal phenotype and show the potential of multiple-trait genomic prediction to improve accuracy for highly correlated genetic traits. The diagnostic marker will be valuable for the breeder to bridge the gap between quantitative trait loci and marker-assisted selection for developing strong-aroma cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongwei Li
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jiabo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest Minzu University, Ministry of Education), Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Mingshen Su
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jihong Du
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huijuan Zhou
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Peach Group of Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Institute, Shanghai 201415, China
| | - Xianan Zhang
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Huijuan Jia
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang Unihversity, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhongshan Gao
- Department of Horticulture, Key Laboratory for Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement of State Agriculture Ministry, Zhejiang Unihversity, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengwen Ye
- Peach Research Department of Forest & Fruit Tree Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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7
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Li Z, Chen M, Bai W, Zhang S, Meng L, Dou W, Wang J, Yuan G. Identification, expression profiles and involvement in insecticides tolerance and detoxification of carboxylesterase genes in Bactrocera dorsalis. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105443. [PMID: 37248012 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Carboxylesterases (CarEs) are a multifunctional superfamily of enzymes and play an important role in detoxification of various insecticides in insects. The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is one of the most destructive agricultural pests and has developed different degrees of resistance to organophosphates in field. However, the involvement of BdCarEs in tolerance or resistance to other alternative insecticides are still unclear. In the present study, 33 BdCarEs genes were identified based on the genome database of B. dorsalis. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that they were classified into nine clades, with abundance of α-esterases. Meanwhile, the sequence characterization and the chromosome distribution were also analyzed. The spatiotemporal expression analysis of BdCarEs genes suggested that the diversity of potential function in different physiological processes. With the exception of BdCarE21, all BdCarEs genes responded to at least one insecticide exposure, and BdCarE20 was found to be up-regulated after exposure to all five tested insecticides individually. Eight BdCarEs genes were overexpressed in MR strain when compared to that in SS strain. Subsequently, knockdown the expression of representative BdCarEs genes significantly increased the susceptibility of the oriental fruit fly to corresponding insecticides, which indicated that the tested BdCarEs genes contributed to one or multiple insecticide detoxification. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential role in respond to tolerance or resistance to insecticides with different mode of action, and will facilitate development of efficiency management strategy for B. dorsalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mengling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wenjie Bai
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Liwei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Dou
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jinjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Guorui Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Li D, Guo J, Ma H, Pei L, Liu X, Wang H, Chen R, Zhao Z, Gao H. Changes in the VOC of Fruits at Different Refrigeration Stages of 'Ruixue' and the Participation of Carboxylesterase MdCXE20 in the Catabolism of Volatile Esters. Foods 2023; 12:foods12101977. [PMID: 37238795 DOI: 10.3390/foods12101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is a crucial quality attribute of apple fruit, which significantly impacts its commercial value and consumer choice. Despite its importance the volatile aroma substances produced by the new variety 'Ruixue' after harvest remain unclear. In this study, we utilized headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) to investigate the changes in volatile substances, fruit hardness, crispness, and related aroma synthase activity of commercially mature 'Ruixue' apples during cold storage. Our findings revealed a gradual decline in fruit firmness and brittleness of 'Ruixue' apples during cold storage, with hexyl acetate, hexyl caproate, and hexyl thiocyanate being the main hexyl esters detected. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic pathway of esters, we identified 42 MdCXE gene members that are associated with ester degradation. Through RT-qPCR analysis, we discovered that carboxylesterase MdCXE20 exhibited higher expression levels compared to other MdCXE genes during cold storage. To confirm the role of MdCXE20, we conducted a transient injection of apple fruits and observed that overexpression of MdCXE20 led to the degradation of esters such as hexyl hexanoate, butyl hexanoate, butyl 2-methylbutyrate, hexyl butyrate, and hexyl 2-methylbutyrate. The results of the study showed that the virus-induced gene silencing of MdCXE20 found the opposite results. Additionally, the esters of OE-MdCXE20 callus showed a lower content of ester VOC than the control callus, according to the homologous stable transformation of 'Wanglin' callus. Overall, these findings suggest that the MdCXE20 gene plays a crucial role in the decrease of esters in 'Ruixue' apples, which ultimately affects their flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Jianhua Guo
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hai Ma
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Linna Pei
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Xiaojie Liu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Rongxin Chen
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Hua Gao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, China
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9
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Huang C, Sun P, Yu S, Fu G, Deng Q, Wang Z, Cheng S. Analysis of Volatile Aroma Components and Regulatory Genes in Different Kinds and Development Stages of Pepper Fruits Based on Non-Targeted Metabolome Combined with Transcriptome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097901. [PMID: 37175606 PMCID: PMC10178352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aroma is a crucial attribute affecting the quality of pepper and its processed products, which has significant commercial value. However, little is known about the composition of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) in pepper fruits and their potential molecular regulatory mechanisms. In this study, HS-SPME-GC-MS combined with transcriptome sequencing is used to analyze the composition and formation mechanism of VACs in different kinds and development stages of pepper fruits. The results showed that 149 VACs, such as esters, alcohols, aldehydes, and terpenoids, were identified from 4 varieties and 3 development stages, and there were significant quantitative differences among different samples. Volatile esters were the most important aroma components in pepper fruits. PCA analysis showed that pepper fruits of different developmental stages had significantly different marker aroma compounds, which may be an important provider of pepper's characteristic aroma. Transcriptome analysis showed that many differential genes (DEGs) were enriched in the metabolic pathways related to the synthesis of VACs, such as fatty acids, amino acids, MVA, and MEP in pepper fruits. In addition, we identified a large number of differential transcription factors (TFs) that may regulate the synthesis of VACs. Combined analysis of differential aroma metabolites and DEGs identified two co-expression network modules highly correlated with the relative content of VACs in pepper fruit. This study confirmed the basic information on the changes of VACs in the fruits of several Chinese spicy peppers at different stages of development, screened out the characteristic aroma components of different varieties, and revealed the molecular mechanism of aroma formation, providing a valuable reference for the quality breeding of pepper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Huang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Peixia Sun
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Genying Fu
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Qin Deng
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shanhan Cheng
- Sanya Nanfan Research Institute of Hainan University, Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
- Key Laboratory for Quality Regulation of Tropical Horticultural Crops of Hainan Province, School of Horticulture, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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10
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Ma YF, Gong LL, Zhang MQ, Liu XZ, Guo H, Hull JJ, Long GJ, Wang H, Dewer Y, Zhang F, He M, He P. Two Antenna-Enriched Carboxylesterases Mediate Olfactory Responses and Degradation of Ester Volatiles in the German Cockroach Blattella germanica. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4789-4801. [PMID: 36920281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insects have evolved an extremely sensitive olfactory system that is essential for a series of physiological and behavioral activities. Some carboxylesterases (CCEs) comprise a major subfamily of odorant-degrading enzymes (ODEs) playing a crucial role in odorant signal inactivation to maintain the odorant receptor sensitivity. In this study, 93 CCEs were annotated in the genome of the German cockroach Blattella germanica, a serious urban pest. Phylogenetic and digital tissue expression pattern analyses identified two antenna-enriched CCEs, BgerCCE021e3 and BgerCCE021d1, as candidate ODEs. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown of BgerCCE021e3 and BgerCCE021d1 resulted in partial anosmia with experimental insects exhibiting reduced attraction to ester volatile resources and slower olfactory responses than controls. Furthermore, enzymatic conversion of geranyl acetate by crude male antennal extracts from BgerCCE021e3 and BgerCCE021d1 RNAi insects was also significantly reduced. Our results provide evidence for CCE function in German cockroach olfaction and provide a basis for further exploring behavioral inhibitors that target olfactory-related CCEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Feng Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Lang-Lang Gong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Qi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Xuan-Zheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Huan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - J Joe Hull
- Pest Management and Biocontrol Research Unit, US Arid Land Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Services, Maricopa, Arizona 85138 United States
| | - Gui-Jun Long
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Hong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Youssef Dewer
- Phytotoxicity Research Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, 7 Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki 12618, Giza, Egypt
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Research, College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Peng He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
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11
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Zhang H, Zhu X, Xu R, Yuan Y, Abugu MN, Yan C, Tieman D, Li X. Postharvest chilling diminishes melon flavor via effects on volatile acetate ester biosynthesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1067680. [PMID: 36684781 PMCID: PMC9853462 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1067680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In postharvest handling systems, refrigeration can extend fruit shelf life and delay decay via slowing ripening progress; however, it selectively alters the biosynthesis of flavor-associated volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which results in reduced flavor quality. Volatile esters are major contributors to melon fruit flavor. The more esters, the more consumers enjoy the melon fruit. However, the effects of chilling on melon flavor and volatiles associated with consumer liking are yet to be fully understood. In the present study, consumer sensory evaluation showed that chilling changed the perception of melon fruit. Total ester content was lower after chilling, particularly volatile acetate esters (VAEs). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that transcript abundance of multiple flavor-associated genes in fatty acid and amino acid pathways was reduced after chilling. Additionally, expression levels of the transcription factors (TFs), such as NOR, MYB, and AP2/ERF, also were substantially downregulated, which likely altered the transcript levels of ester-associated pathway genes during cold storage. VAE content and expression of some key genes recover after transfer to room temperature. Therefore, chilling-induced changes of VAE profiles were consistent with expression patterns of some pathway genes that encode specific fatty acid- and amino acid-mobilizing enzymes as well as TFs involved in fruit ripening, metabolic regulation, and hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Zhang
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhu
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Runzhe Xu
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Yushu Yuan
- School of Life Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, China
| | - Modesta N. Abugu
- Horticultural Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Congsheng Yan
- Horticultural Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Denise Tieman
- Horticultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiang Li
- Horticultural Sciences, Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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12
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The Functional Characterization of Carboxylesterases Involved in the Degradation of Volatile Esters Produced in Strawberry Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010383. [PMID: 36613824 PMCID: PMC9820763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Volatile ester compounds are important contributors to the flavor of strawberry, which affect consumer preference. Here, the GC-MS results showed that volatile esters are the basic aroma components of strawberry, banana, apple, pear, and peach, and the volatile esters were significantly accumulated with the maturation of strawberry fruits. The main purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship between carboxylesterases (CXEs) and the accumulation of volatile ester components in strawberries. FaCXE2 and FaCXE3 were found to have the activity of hydrolyzing hexyl acetate, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, and E-2-hexenyl acetate to the corresponding alcohols. The enzyme kinetics results showed that FaCXE3 had the higher affinity for hexyl acetate, E-2-hexenyl acetate, and Z-3-hexenyl acetate compared with FaCXE2. The volatile esters were mainly accumulated at the maturity stages in strawberry fruits, less at the early stages, and the least during the following maturation stages. The expression of FaCXE2 gradually increased with fruit ripening and the expression level of FaCXE3 showed a decreasing trend, which suggested the complexity of the true function of CXEs. The transient expression of FaCXE2 and FaCXE3 genes in strawberry fruits resulted in a significantly decreased content of volatile esters, such as Z-3-hexenyl acetate, methyl hexanoate, methyl butyrate, and other volatile esters. Taken together, FaCXE2 and FaCXE3 are indeed involved in the regulation of the synthesis and degradation of strawberry volatile esters.
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13
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Li X, Qi L, Zang N, Zhao L, Sun Y, Huang X, Wang H, Yin Z, Wang A. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of the regulatory network of volatile ester formation during fruit ripening in pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 185:80-90. [PMID: 35661588 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
'Nanguo' pear (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) is a typical climacteric fruit with an attractive aroma after postharvest ripening. Esters are the key volatile compounds determining the typical aroma formation. However, the mechanism of aroma-related ester formation remains largely unknown. In this study, we performed transcriptome and metabolome analyses to reveal the changes of aroma-related compounds during pear ripening in the optimal taste period (OTP). During the pear ripening process, typical fatty acid-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are transformed from aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones to esters, where ethyl hexanoate, hexyl acetate, and ethyl butanoate are the dominant esters in the OTP. Rich aroma-related esters in the OTP are associated with the accumulation of important precursors of aroma volatiles, including linoleic acid, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and oleic acid. Genes encoding key biosynthetic enzymes are associated with the altered levels of aroma-related esters. The candidate genes associated with the high levels of aroma-related esters in 'Nanguo' pears are PuFAD2, PuLOX2, PuLOX5, and PuAAT. Additionally, transcription factor (TF) genes such as PuWRKY24, PuIAA29, and PuTINY may play crucial roles in aroma formation during fruit ripening. Hence, we summarized the TFs that regulate VOC metabolism in different fruit species. The results provided a foundation for further research on aroma-related esters in 'Nanguo' pears and could help to elucidate the mechanisms regulating fruit quality improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Liyong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Nannan Zang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yiqing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Xuanting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Zepeng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| | - Aide Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fruit Postharvest Biology, Shenyang, 110866, China; Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China; College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
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14
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Martínez-Rivas FJ, Blanco-Portales R, Moyano E, Alseekh S, Caballero JL, Schwab W, Fernie AR, Muñoz-Blanco J, Molina-Hidalgo FJ. Strawberry fruit FanCXE1 carboxylesterase is involved in the catabolism of volatile esters during the ripening process. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac095. [PMID: 35795396 PMCID: PMC9249579 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds produced during ripening of strawberry are key determinants of fruit quality and consumer preference. Strawberry volatiles are largely esters which are synthesized by alcohol acyltransferases (AATs) and degraded by carboxylesterases (CXEs). Although CXE activity can have a marked influence on volatile contents in ripe strawberry fruits, CXE function and regulation in them are poorly known. Here, we report the biochemical and functional characterization of the fruit receptacle-specific and ripening-related carboxylesterase FanCXE1. The expression of the corresponding gene was found to be antagonistically regulated by auxins and abscisic acid, key hormones that regulate fruit growth and ripening in strawberry. In vitro, FanCXE1 was able to hydrolyze artificial ester substrates similar to those produced by ripe strawberry fruits. Transient suppression of the FanCXE1 gene by RNAi resulted in an increase of important volatile esters such as methyl hexanoate, methyl butanoate and ethyl hexanoate as well as a decrease of the alcohols hexenol and linanool. The results of this work enhance our understanding of the molecular basis for volatile syntheses and facilitate production of better flavored strawberry fruits by introduction of the relevant alleles into common cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix Juan Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba. Spain
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rosario Blanco-Portales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba. Spain
| | - Enriqueta Moyano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba. Spain
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center for Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Jose Luis Caballero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba. Spain
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Edificio Severo Ochoa, Campus de Rabanales, E-14014 Córdoba. Spain
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15
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Rui C, Peng F, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Xu N, Zhang H, Wang J, Li S, Yang T, Malik WA, Lu X, Chen X, Wang D, Chen C, Gao W, Ye W. Genome-wide expression analysis of carboxylesterase (CXE) gene family implies GBCXE49 functional responding to alkaline stress in cotton. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:194. [PMID: 35413814 PMCID: PMC9004025 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carboxylesterase (CXE) is a type of hydrolase with α/β sheet hydrolase activity widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms, which plays an important role in plant growth, development and resistance to stress. RESULTS A total of 72, 74, 39, 38 CXE genes were identified in Gossypium barbadense, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium raimondii and Gossypium arboreum, respectively. The gene structure and expression pattern were analyzed. The GBCXE genes were divided into 6 subgroups, and the chromosome distribution of members of the family were mapped. Analysis of promoter cis-acting elements showed that most GBCXE genes contain cis-elements related to plant hormones (GA, IAA) or abiotic stress. These 6 genes we screened out were expressed in the root, stem and leaf tissues. Combined with the heat map, GBCXE49 gene was selected for subcellular locate and confirmed that the protein was expressed in the cytoplasm. CONCLUSIONS The collinearity analysis of the CXE genes of the four cotton species in this family indicated that tandem replication played an indispensable role in the evolution of the CXE gene family. The expression patterns of GBCXE gene under different stress treatments indicated that GBCXE gene may significantly participate in the response to salt and alkaline stress through different mechanisms. Through the virus-induced gene silencing technology (VIGS), it was speculated that GBCXE49 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress in G. barbadense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Rui
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Fanjia Peng
- Hunan Institute of Cotton Science, 3036 Shanjuan Road, Changde, 415101, China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Hunan Institute of Cotton Science, 3036 Shanjuan Road, Changde, 415101, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education / College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052, Urumqi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education / College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052, Urumqi, China
| | - Waqar Afzal Malik
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Delong Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China
| | - Wenwei Gao
- Engineering Research Centre of Cotton, Ministry of Education / College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, 311 Nongda East Road, 830052, Urumqi, China.
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Henan, 455000, Anyang, China.
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16
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Zhou W, Kong W, Yang C, Feng R, Xi W. Alcohol Acyltransferase Is Involved in the Biosynthesis of C6 Esters in Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) Fruit. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:763139. [PMID: 34868159 PMCID: PMC8636060 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.763139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Short-chain esters derived from fatty acid contribute to the characteristic flavor of apricot fruit, and the biosynthesis of these compounds in fruit is catalyzed by alcohol acyltransferase (AAT). In this work, we investigated the AAT gene family via genome-wide scanning, and three AAT loci were identified in different linkage groups (LGs), with PaAAT1 (PARG22907m01) in LG7, PaAAT2 (PARG15279m01) in LG4, and PaAAT3 (PARG22697m01) in LG6. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PaAAT1 belongs to clade 3, while PaAAT2 and PaAAT3 belong to clade 1 and clade 2, respectively. In contrast, the three AAT genes present different expression patterns. Only PaAAT1 exhibited distinct patterns of fruit-specific expression, and the expression of PaAAT1 sharply increased during fruit ripening, which is consistent with the abundance of C4-C6 esters such as (E)-2-hexenyl acetate and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate. The transient overexpression of PaAAT1 in Katy (KT) apricot fruit resulted in a remarkable decrease in hexenol, (E)-2-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenol levels while significantly increasing the corresponding acetate production (p < 0.01). A substrate assay revealed that the PaAAT1 protein enzyme can produce hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-hexenyl acetate, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate when C6 alcohols are used as substrates for the reaction. Taken together, these results indicate that PaAAT1 plays a crucial role in the production of C6 esters in apricot fruit during ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Zhou
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wenbin Kong
- China Chongqing Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Chongqing, China
| | - Can Yang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruizhang Feng
- Key Lab of Aromatic Plant Resources Exploitation and Utilization in Sichuan Higher Education, Yibin University, Yibin, China
| | - Wanpeng Xi
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Lin M, Chen J, Wu D, Chen K. Volatile Profile and Biosynthesis of Post-harvest Apples are Affected by the Mechanical Damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9716-9724. [PMID: 34375116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical damage to fruit causes flavor changes during post-harvest supply chains. It is important to identify the main volatiles and explore their biosynthesis mechanism. In this study, the volatile changes in apples caused by mechanical damage were analyzed by gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Hexanal and ethyl acetate were accumulated and identified as potential volatile biomarkers to detect damaged apples. The study on the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway and transcription factors (TFs) shows that mechanical damage up-regulated the expression of MdLOX-like, MdLOX3b, MdLOX7b, MdLOX7c, MdLOX2a, and MdAAT in the LOX pathway and that of one MYB TF (MdMYB-like), five ERF TFs (MdERF073, MdERF003, MdERF114, MdERF15, and MdERF2), and five WRKY TFs (MdWRKY23, MdWRKY17, MdWRKY46, MdWRKY48, and MdWRKY71). Notably, MdAAT was significantly correlated to MdMYB-like, MdWRKY23, MdWRKY71, MdERF15, and MdERF2. Thus, TFs may attribute to the accumulation of hexanal and ethyl acetate by regulating the expression of LOX pathway-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Lin
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Di Wu
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, P. R. China
| | - Kunsong Chen
- College of Agriculture & Biotechnology/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology/The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
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Population-scale peach genome analyses unravel selection patterns and biochemical basis underlying fruit flavor. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3604. [PMID: 34127667 PMCID: PMC8203738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A narrow genetic basis in modern cultivars and strong linkage disequilibrium in peach (Prunus persica) has restricted resolution power for association studies in this model fruit species, thereby limiting our understanding of economically important quality traits including fruit flavor. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly for a Chinese landrace, Longhua Shui Mi (LHSM), a representative of the Chinese Cling peaches that have been central in global peach genetic improvement. We also map the resequencing data for 564 peach accessions to this LHSM assembly at an average depth of 26.34× per accession. Population genomic analyses reveal a fascinating history of convergent selection for sweetness yet divergent selection for acidity in eastern vs. western modern cultivars. Molecular-genetics and biochemical analyses establish that PpALMT1 (aluminum-activated malate transporter 1) contributes to their difference of malate content and that increases fructose content accounts for the increased sweetness of modern peach fruits, as regulated by PpERDL16 (early response to dehydration 6-like 16). Our study illustrates the strong utility of the genomics resources for both basic and applied efforts to understand and exploit the genetic basis of fruit quality in peach.
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Xu Y, Tie W, Yan Y, Xu B, Liu J, Li M, Yang J, Zeng J, Hu W, Jin Z. Identification and expression of the BAHD family during development, ripening, and stress response in banana. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1127-1138. [PMID: 33492573 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The BAHD family is involved in different biological roles in plants, including secondary metabolite synthesis, improving abiotic/biotic stress resistance, and influencing fruit quality. However, the knowledge about BAHD in banana, an important fruit crop, is limited. In this study, 46 banana BAHD genes (MaBAHDs) were identified and divided into four groups according to phylogenetic analysis. Most of the MaBAHD genes in the same group presented similar conserved motifs and genetic structures. MaBAHD genes have similar expression patterns in two banana varieties, and more genes showed high expressions in the roots. The comprehensive MaBAHD gene expression patterns obtained from two varieties of banana showed valuable information regarding their participation in fruit development, ripening, and response to abiotic/biotic stresses, suggesting that they play key roles in these processes. The systematic analysis of MaBAHD genes offered basic insight for further gene functional assays and potential applications in genetically improving banana cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Weiwei Tie
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Biyu Xu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Juhua Liu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Meiying Li
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jinghao Yang
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, China.
| | - Wei Hu
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Jin
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Biosafety Monitoring and Molecular Breeding in Off-Season Reproduction Regions, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, China.
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Nilo-Poyanco R, Moraga C, Benedetto G, Orellana A, Almeida AM. Shotgun proteomics of peach fruit reveals major metabolic pathways associated to ripening. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:17. [PMID: 33413072 PMCID: PMC7788829 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit ripening in Prunus persica melting varieties involves several physiological changes that have a direct impact on the fruit organoleptic quality and storage potential. By studying the proteomic differences between the mesocarp of mature and ripe fruit, it would be possible to highlight critical molecular processes involved in the fruit ripening. RESULTS To accomplish this goal, the proteome from mature and ripe fruit was assessed from the variety O'Henry through shotgun proteomics using 1D-gel (PAGE-SDS) as fractionation method followed by LC/MS-MS analysis. Data from the 131,435 spectra could be matched to 2740 proteins, using the peach genome reference v1. After data pre-treatment, 1663 proteins could be used for comparison with datasets assessed using transcriptomic approaches and for quantitative protein accumulation analysis. Close to 26% of the genes that code for the proteins assessed displayed higher expression at ripe fruit compared to other fruit developmental stages, based on published transcriptomic data. Differential accumulation analysis between mature and ripe fruit revealed that 15% of the proteins identified were modulated by the ripening process, with glycogen and isocitrate metabolism, and protein localization overrepresented in mature fruit, as well as cell wall modification in ripe fruit. Potential biomarkers for the ripening process, due to their differential accumulation and gene expression pattern, included a pectin methylesterase inhibitor, a gibbellerin 2-beta-dioxygenase, an omega-6 fatty acid desaturase, a homeobox-leucine zipper protein and an ACC oxidase. Transcription factors enriched in NAC and Myb protein domains would target preferentially the genes encoding proteins more abundant in mature and ripe fruit, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Shotgun proteomics is an unbiased approach to get deeper into the proteome allowing to detect differences in protein abundance between samples. This technique provided a resolution so that individual gene products could be identified. Many proteins likely involved in cell wall and sugar metabolism, aroma and color, change their abundance during the transition from mature to ripe fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nilo-Poyanco
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile
| | - Carol Moraga
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
- Inria Grenoble Rhône-Alpes, 38334, Montbonnot, France
| | - Gianfranco Benedetto
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ariel Orellana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 330, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Genome Regulation, Blanco Encalada, 2085, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Miyasaka Almeida
- Centro de Genómica y Bioinformática, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
- Escuela de Agronomía, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide, 5750, Huechuraba, Chile.
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21
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Freitas TP, Taver IB, Spricigo PC, do Amaral LB, Purgatto E, Jacomino AP. Volatile Compounds and Physicochemical Quality of Four Jabuticabas ( Plinia sp.). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194543. [PMID: 33023070 PMCID: PMC7582703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The jabuticaba is a native Brazilian fruit that has aroused worldwide interest in terms of its nutritional composition and biological activity. However, research on the profile of volatile compounds (VOCs) emitted by these fruits is rare. This study presents the first identification of VOCs from four jabuticaba species. The aim of the study was to characterize the aromatic profile of the following species: ‘Sabará’ (Plinia jaboticaba), ‘Escarlate’ (Plinia phitrantha × Plinia cauliflora), ‘Otto Andersen’ (Plinia cauliflora), and ‘Esalq’ (Plinia phitrantha). The analysis was performed by headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS). Multivariate analysis techniques applying the partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and heatmap were used to compare the results. Fruit quality parameters were determined in terms of fresh mass (g), skin color, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. A total of 117 VOCs was identified including terpenoids, esters, alcohols, aldehydes, alkanes, ketones, and carboxylic acids, with 36 VOCs common to all four species. Terpenes were the majority for all jabuticabas with smaller contributions from other volatile classes, especially β-cubebene, β-elemene, and D-limonene for the ‘Otto Andersen’ jabuticaba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais Pádua Freitas
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Isabela Barroso Taver
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Poliana Cristina Spricigo
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
| | - Lucas Bueno do Amaral
- Department of Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.d.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food Science, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (L.B.d.A.); (E.P.)
| | - Angelo Pedro Jacomino
- Department of Crop Science, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba 13418-900, Brazil; (T.P.F.); (I.B.T.); (P.C.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-19-3447-6708
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Li Z, Wang Z, Wang K, Liu Y, Hong Y, Chen C, Guan X, Chen Q. Co-expression network analysis uncovers key candidate genes related to the regulation of volatile esters accumulation in Woodland strawberry. PLANTA 2020; 252:55. [PMID: 32949302 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03462-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
FveERF (FvH4_5g04470.1), FveAP2 (FvH4_1g16370.1) and FveWRKY (FvH4_6g42870.1) might be involved in fruit maturation of strawberry. Overexpression of FveERF could activate the expression of AAT gene and ester accumulation. Volatile esters play an important role in the aroma of strawberry fruits, whose flavor is the result of a complex mixture of various esters. The accumulation of these volatiles is closely tied to changes in metabolism during fruit ripening. Acyltransferase (AAT) is recognized as having a significant effect in ester formation. However, there is little knowledge about the regulation network of AAT. Here, we collected the data of RNA-seq and headspace GC-MS at five time points during fruit maturation of Hawaii4 and Ruegen strawberry varieties. A total of 106 volatile compounds were identified in the fruit of woodland strawberries, including 58 esters, which occupied 41.09% (Hawaii4) or 33.40% (Ruegen) of total volatile concentration. Transcriptome analysis revealed eight transcription factors highly associated with AAT genes. Through the changes in esters and the weight co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), a detailed gene network was established. This demonstrated that ERF gene (FvH4_5g04470.1), AP2 gene (FvH4_1g16370.1) and one WRKY gene (FvH4_6g42870.1) might be involved in expression of AAT genes, especially ERF genes. Overexpression of FveERF (FvH4_5g04470.1) does activate expression of AAT genes and ester accumulation in fruits of strawberry. Our findings provide valuable clues to gain better insight into the ester formation process of numerous fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun Li
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhennan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kejing Wang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhong Hong
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changmei Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiayu Guan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qingxi Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
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Liu C, Qiao X, Li Q, Zeng W, Wei S, Wang X, Chen Y, Wu X, Wu J, Yin H, Zhang S. Genome-wide comparative analysis of the BAHD superfamily in seven Rosaceae species and expression analysis in pear (Pyrus bretschneideri). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:14. [PMID: 31914928 PMCID: PMC6950883 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The BAHD acyltransferase superfamily exhibits various biological roles in plants, including regulating fruit quality, catalytic synthesizing of terpene, phenolics and esters, and improving stress resistance. However, the copy numbers, expression characteristics and associations with fruit aroma formation of the BAHD genes remain unclear. RESULTS In total, 717 BAHD genes were obtained from the genomes of seven Rosaceae, (Pyrus bretschneideri, Malus domestica, Prunus avium, Prunus persica, Fragaria vesca, Pyrus communis and Rubus occidentalis). Based on the detailed phylogenetic analysis and classifications in model plants, we divided the BAHD family genes into seven groups, I-a, I-b, II-a, II-b, III-a, IV and V. An inter-species synteny analysis revealed the ancient origin of BAHD superfamily with 78 syntenic gene pairs were detected among the seven Rosaceae species. Different types of gene duplication events jointly drive the expansion of BAHD superfamily, and purifying selection dominates the evolution of BAHD genes supported by the small Ka/Ks ratios. Based on the correlation analysis between the ester content and expression levels of BAHD genes at different developmental stages, four candidate genes were selected for verification as assessed by qRT-PCR. The result implied that Pbr020016.1, Pbr019034.1, Pbr014028.1 and Pbr029551.1 are important candidate genes involved in aroma formation during pear fruit development. CONCLUSION We have thoroughly identified the BAHD superfamily genes and performed a comprehensive comparative analysis of their phylogenetic relationships, expansion patterns, and expression characteristics in seven Rosaceae species, and we also obtained four candidate genes involved in aroma synthesis in pear fruit. These results provide a theoretical basis for future studies of the specific biological functions of BAHD superfamily members and the improvement of pear fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxin Liu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuwei Wei
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yangyang Chen
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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