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Liu G, Chen Q, Gou M, Bi J. Formation of key aroma-active and off-flavor components in concentrated peach puree. Food Chem 2024; 439:138105. [PMID: 38043287 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Non-volatiles offer some insight into the formation of aroma-active components in peach puree (PP), but more depth investigation is still needed. Formation pathways of key aroma-active and off-flavor components in PP during thermal concentration (PP + C) and sterilization (PP + C + S) are unclear. Therefore, GC-O-MS combined with UPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the volatile and nonvolatile components and their formation pathways. Among the 36 aroma-active compounds, the contents of γ-decalactone, hexyl acetate, leaf acetate, hexanal, and 1-hexanol (odor activity value ≥ 1) decreased by 46 %, 100 %, 100 %, 92 %, and 100 % between PP and PP + C + S, causing the weakening of "green" and "fruity" attributes. Off-flavor components including 1-octen-3-one, isobutyric acid, isothiazole, and isovaleric acid were identified during thermal processing. 1-Octen-3-one content increased by 75 % from PP to PP + C + S through linolenic acid metabolism, which contributed to "cooked"; the formation of isobutyric and isovaleric acids, isothiazole, resulted in the enhancement of "sour/rancid" via serine and leucine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gege Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Qinqin Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.
| | - Min Gou
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)/ Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.
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Zhou Y, Aweya JJ, Huang Z, Chen Y, Tang Z, Shi Z, Zheng Z, Zhang Y. The ELOVL6 homolog in Penaeus vannamei plays a dual role in fatty acid metabolism and immune response. Mol Immunol 2023; 164:7-16. [PMID: 37875037 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, elongation of very long chain fatty acid protein 6 (ELOVL6), a key enzyme in long chain fatty acids elongation, has been reported to regulate other metabolism processes and immunity, including inflammation in vertebrates. However, little is currently known about the ELOVL6 homolog in invertebrates, especially its role in immune response. In this study, the ELOVL6 ortholog in Penaeus vannamei (designated PvELOVL6) was cloned and found to have an open reading frame (ORF) of 435 bp and encode a putative protein of 144 amino acids. Transcripts of PvELOVL6 are constitutively expressed in all shrimp tissues tested and induced in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes by Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Streptococcus iniae. Besides, PvELOVL6 knockdown followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge revealed that PvELOVL6 regulates the expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism and immunity, including PvLGBP, PvLectin, PvMnSOD, PvProPO, PvFABP, PvLipase, PvCOX and PvGPDH. Moreover, transcript levels of PvELOVL6, fatty acids metabolism-related genes (i.e., PvGPDH, PvFABP, PvPERO and PvSPLA2), and immune-related genes (i.e., PvProPO, PvLectin, PvLGBP, PvLysozyme and PvCatalase) increased after silencing of the sterol regulatory element binding protein (PvSREBP). Thus, PvELOVL6 is involved in immune response and regulated by PvSREBP through an unknown mechanism in penaeid shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhou
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021 Fujian, China
| | - Zishu Huang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Ziqiang Tang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zihao Shi
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Lin H, Fu L, Li P, Zhu J, Xu Q, Wang Y, Mumin MA, Zhou X, Chen Y, Shu G, Yao G, Chen M, Lu J, Zhang L, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Bao J, Chen W, Luo J, Li X, Chen Z, Cao J. Fatty acids metabolism affects the therapeutic effect of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 in tumor immune microenvironment in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Transl Med 2023; 21:343. [PMID: 37221577 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04161-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is a highly invasive and metastatic subtype of kidney malignancy and is correlated with metabolic reprogramming for adaptation to the tumor microenvironment comprising infiltrated immune cells and immunomodulatory molecules. The role of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their association with abnormal fatty acids metabolism in ccRCC remains poorly understood. METHOD RNA-seq and clinical data of KIRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and E-MTAB-1980 from the ArrayExpress dataset. The Nivolumab group and Everolimus group of the CheckMate 025 study, the Atezolizumab arm of IMmotion150 and the Atezolizumab plus Bevacizumab group of IMmotion151 cohort were obtained for subsequent analysis. After differential expression genes identification, the signature was constructed through univariate Cox proportional hazard regression and simultaneously the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) analysis and the predictive performance of our signature was assessed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC), Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis, nomogram, drug sensitivity analysis, immunotherapeutic effect analysis and enrichment analysis. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), qPCR and western blot were performed to measure related mRNA or protein expression. Biological features were evaluated by wound healing, cell migration and invasion assays and colony formation test and analyzed using coculture assay and flow cytometry. RESULTS Twenty fatty acids metabolism-related mRNA signatures were constructed in TCGA and possessed a strong predictive performance demonstrated through time-dependent ROC and KM survival analysis. Notably, the high-risk group exhibited an impaired response to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 (Programmed death-1 receptor/Programmed death-1 receptor-ligand) therapy compared to the low-risk group. The overall levels of the immune score were higher in the high-risk group. Additionally, drug sensitivity analysis observed that the model could effectively predict efficacy and sensitivity to chemotherapy. Enrichment analysis revealed that the IL6-JAK-STAT3 signaling pathway was a major pathway. IL4I1 could promote ccRCC cells' malignant features through JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway and M2-like macrophage polarization. CONCLUSION The study elucidates that targeting fatty acids metabolism can affect the therapeutic effect of PD-1/PD-L1 in TME and related signal pathways. The model can effectively predict the response to several treatment options, underscoring its potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Lin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangmin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengju Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangquan Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanhui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mukhtar Adan Mumin
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guannan Shu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaosheng Yao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Minyu Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - YuJun Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Zhao
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Bao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhang Luo
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
- Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiazheng Cao
- Department of Urology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Haibang Street 23, Pengjiang District, Jiangmen, 529030, Guangdong, China.
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Hsu CY, Chen YH, Huang WR, Huang JW, Chen IC, Chang YK, Wang CY, Chang CD, Liao TL, Nielsen BL, Liu HJ. Oncolytic avian reovirus σA-modulated fatty acid metabolism through the PSMB6/Akt/SREBP1/acetyl-CoA carboxylase pathway to increase energy production for virus replication. Vet Microbiol 2022; 273:109545. [PMID: 35998542 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We have demonstrated previously that the σA protein of avian reovirus (ARV) functions as an activator of cellular energy, which upregulates glycolysis and the TCA cycle for virus replication. To date, there is no report with respect to σA-modulated regulation of cellular fatty acid metabolism. This study reveals that the σA protein of ARV inhibits fatty acids synthesis and enhance fatty acid oxidation by upregulating PSMB6, which suppresses Akt, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), acetyl-coA carboxylase α (ACC1), and acetyl-coA carboxylase β (ACC2). SREBP1 is a transcription factor involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Overexpression of SREBP1 reversed σA-modulated suppression of ACC1 and ACC2. In this work, a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based genetically encoded indicator, Ateams, was used to study σA-modulated inhibition of fatty acids synthesis which enhances cellular ATP levels in Vero cells and human cancer cell lines (A549 and HeLa). By using Ateams, we demonstrated that σA-modulated inhibition of Akt, SREBP1, ACC1, and ACC2 leads to increased levels of ATP in mammalian and human cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of PSMB6 or overexpression of SREBP1 reversed σA-modulated increased levels of ATP in cells, indicating that PSMB6 and SREBP1 play important roles in ARV σA-modulated cellular fatty acid metabolism. Furthermore, we found that σA R155/273A mutant protein loses its ability to enter the nucleolus, which impairs its ability to regulate fatty acid metabolism and does not increase ATP formation, suggesting that nucleolus entry of σA is critical for regulating cellular fatty acid metabolism to generate more energy for virus replication. Collectively, this study provides novel insights into σA-modulated inhibition of fatty acid synthesis and enhancement of fatty acid oxidation to produce more energy for virus replication through the PSMB6/Akt/SREBP1/ACC pathway.
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Xu R, Xiao X, Zhang S, Pan J, Tang Y, Zhou W, Ji G, Dang Y. The methyltransferase METTL3-mediated fatty acid metabolism revealed the mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on alleviating steatosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113367. [PMID: 35780619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a primarily N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase, methyltransferase 3 (METTL3) plays a crucial role in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, its regulatory mechanism in steatosis remains unknown. METHODS Alpha mouse liver 12 (AML12) cells were induced by free fatty acids (FFA). Triglycerides, lipid droplet assay, and Oil Red O staining were performed to evaluate steatosis. The expression of METTL3 and cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily f polypeptide 40 (CYP4F40) was measured using Western blotting, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and dual-luciferase reporter assay. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, almandine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase were assayed after cinnamaldehyde treatment. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to determine how METTL3 and cinnamaldehyde regulate steatosis. RESULTS METTL3 protein level was reduced in FFA-induced steatosis in AML12 cells, and METTL3 knockdown aggravated the steatosis. Cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis by increasing METTL3 expression. A combined transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis revealed that METTL3 knockdown reduced CYP4F40 expression and reduced the level of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Cinnamaldehyde promoted CYP4F40 expression by increasing METTL3 and increased the levels of capric acid, gamma-linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid. Finally, the beneficial effects of cinnamaldehyde on steatosis were reversed after METTL3 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS METTL3 knockdown aggravated steatosis in AML12 cells through CYP4F40-mediated fatty acid metabolism, and cinnamaldehyde alleviated steatosis via the METTL3-CYP4F40 pathway.
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Azab SM, de Souza RJ, Lamri A, Shanmuganathan M, Kroezen Z, Schulze KM, Desai D, Williams NC, Morrison KM, Atkinson SA, Teo KK, Britz-McKibbin P, Anand SS. Metabolite profiles and the risk of metabolic syndrome in early childhood: a case-control study. BMC Med 2021; 19:292. [PMID: 34823524 PMCID: PMC8616718 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-021-02162-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Defining the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children remains challenging. Furthermore, a dichotomous MetS diagnosis can limit the power to study associations. We sought to characterize the serum metabolite signature of the MetS in early childhood using high-throughput metabolomic technologies that allow comprehensive profiling of metabolic status from a biospecimen. METHODS In the Family Atherosclerosis Monitoring In earLY life (FAMILY) prospective birth cohort study, we selected 228 cases of MetS and 228 matched controls among children age 5 years. In addition, a continuous MetS risk score was calculated for all 456 participants. Comprehensive metabolite profiling was performed on fasting serum samples using multisegment injection-capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry. Multivariable regression models were applied to test metabolite associations with MetS adjusting for covariates of screen time, diet quality, physical activity, night sleep, socioeconomic status, age, and sex. RESULTS Compared to controls, thirteen serum metabolites were identified in MetS cases when using multivariable regression models, and using the quantitative MetS score, an additional eight metabolites were identified. These included metabolites associated with gluconeogenesis (glucose (odds ratio (OR) 1.55 [95% CI 1.25-1.93]) and glutamine/glutamate ratio (OR 0.82 [95% CI 0.67-1.00])) and the alanine-glucose cycle (alanine (OR 1.41 [95% CI 1.16-1.73])), amino acids metabolism (tyrosine (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.10-1.63]), threonine (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02-1.51]), monomethylarginine (OR 1.33 [95% CI 1.09-1.64]) and lysine (OR 1.23 [95% CI 1.01-1.50])), tryptophan metabolism (tryptophan (OR 0.78 [95% CI 0.64-0.95])), and fatty acids metabolism (carnitine (OR 1.24 [95% CI 1.02-1.51])). The quantitative MetS risk score was more powerful than the dichotomous outcome in consistently detecting this metabolite signature. CONCLUSIONS A distinct metabolite signature of pediatric MetS is detectable in children as young as 5 years old and may improve risk assessment at early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi M Azab
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Meera Shanmuganathan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zachary Kroezen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dipika Desai
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Koon K Teo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Britz-McKibbin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia S Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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Jing XP, Wang WJ, Degen AA, Guo YM, Kang JP, Liu PP, Ding LM, Shang ZH, Zhou JW, Long RJ. Energy substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle and liver when consuming diets of different energy levels: comparison between Tibetan and Small-tailed Han sheep. Animal 2021; 15:100162. [PMID: 33485829 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The energy intake of Tibetan sheep on the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) varies greatly with seasonal forage fluctuations and is often below maintenance requirements, especially during the long, cold winter. The liver plays a crucial role in gluconeogenesis and skeletal muscle is the primary tissue of energy expenditure in mammals. Both play important roles in energy substrate metabolism and regulating energy metabolism homeostasis of the body. This study aimed to gain insight into how skeletal muscle and liver of Tibetan sheep regulate energy substrate metabolism to cope with low energy intake under the harsh environment of the QTP. Tibetan sheep (n = 24; 48.5 ± 1.89 kg BW) were compared with Small-tailed Han sheep (n = 24; 49.2 ± 2.21 kg BW), which were allocated randomly into one of four groups that differed in dietary digestible energy densities: 8.21, 9.33, 10.45 and 11.57 MJ /kg DM. The sheep were slaughtered after a 49-d feeding period, skeletal muscle and liver tissues were collected and measurements were made of the activities of the key enzymes of energy substrate metabolism and the expressions of genes related to energy homeostasis regulation. Compared with Small-tailed Han sheep, Tibetan sheep exhibited higher capacities of propionate to glucose conversion and fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis in the liver, higher glucose utilization efficiency in both skeletal muscle and liver, but lower activities of fatty acid oxidation and protein mobilization in skeletal muscle, especially when in negative energy balance. However, the Small-tailed Han sheep exhibited higher capacities to convert amino acids and lactate to glucose and higher levels of glycolysis and lipogenesis in the liver than Tibetan sheep. These differences in gluconeogenesis and energy substrate metabolism conferred the Tibetan sheep an advantage over Small-tailed Han sheep to cope with low energy intake and regulate whole-body energy homeostasis under the harsh environment of the QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- X P Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China; International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Laboratory for Animal Nutrition and Animal Product Quality, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - W J Wang
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - A A Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Beer Sheva 8410500, Israel
| | - Y M Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - J P Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - P P Liu
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - L M Ding
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z H Shang
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J W Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China.
| | - R J Long
- International Centre for Tibetan Plateau Ecosystem Management, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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8
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Wen Z, Li Y, Bian C, Shi Q, Li Y. Characterization of two kcnk3 genes in rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus): Molecular cloning, distribution patterns and their potential roles in fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 296:113546. [PMID: 32653428 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
KCNK3 is a two-pore-domain (K2P) potassium channel involved in maintaining ion homeostasis, mediating thermogenesis, controlling breath and modulating electrical membrane potential. Although the functions of this channel have been widely described in mammals, its roles in fishes are still rarely known. Here, we identified two kcnk3 genes from the euryhaline rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus), and their roles related to fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation were investigated. The open reading frames of kcnk3a and kcnk3b were 1203 and 1176 bp in length, encoding 400 and 391 amino acids respectively. Multiple sequences alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two isotypes of kcnk3 were extensively presented in fishes. Quantitative real-time PCRs indicated that both genes were widely distributed in examined tissues but showed different patterns. kcnk3a primary distributed in adipose, eye, heart, and spleen tissues, while kcnk3b was mainly detectable in heart, kidney, muscle and spleen tissues. In vivo experiments showed that fish fed diets with fish oil as dietary lipid (rich in long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, LC-PUFA) induced higher mRNA expression levels of kcnk3 genes in comparison with fish fed with plant oil diet at two different salinity environments (32 and 15‰). Meanwhile, the expression levels of kcnk3 genes were higher in seawater (32‰) than that in brackish water (15‰) when fishes were fed with both types of feeds. In vitro experiments with rabbitfish hepatocytes showed that LC-PUFA significantly improved hepatic kcnk3a expression level compared with treatment of linolenic acid. These results suggest that two kcnk3 genes are widely existed and they might be functionally related to fatty acids metabolism and osmoregulation in the rabbitfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyong Wen
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Yang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chao Bian
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- BGI Education Center University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518083, China; Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences BGI Marine BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China.
| | - Yuanyou Li
- College of Marine Sciences of South, China Agricultural University & Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Zhou B, Fu Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Jin G, Xu J, Liu Q, Liu J. Functional characterization of acyl-CoA binding protein in Neospora caninum. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:85. [PMID: 32070415 PMCID: PMC7029560 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipid metabolism is pivotal for the growth of apicomplexan parasites. Lipid synthesis requires bulk carbon skeleton acyl-CoAs, the transport of which depends on the acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP). In Neospora caninum, the causative agent of neosporosis, the FASII pathway is required for growth and pathogenicity. However, little is known about the fatty acid transport mechanism in N. caninum. Methods We have identified a cytosolic acyl-CoA binding protein, with highly conserved amino acid residues and a typical acyl-CoA binding domain in N. caninum. The recombinant NcACBP protein was expressed to verify the binding activities of NcACBP in vitro, and the heterologous expression of NcACBP in Δacbp yeast in vivo. Lipid extraction from ΔNcACBP or the wild-type of N. caninum was analyzed by GC-MS or TLC. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis was performed to compare the gene expression in different strains. Results The NcACBP recombinant protein was able to specifically bind acyl-CoA esters in vitro. A yeast complementation assay showed that heterologous expression of NcACBP rescued the phenotypic defects in Δacbp yeast, indicating of the binding activity of NcACBP in vivo. The disruption of NcACBP did not perturb the parasite’s growth but enhanced its pathogenicity in mice. The lipidomic analysis showed that disruption of NcACBP caused no obvious changes in the overall abundance and turnover of fatty acids while knockout resulted in the accumulation of triacylglycerol. Transcriptional analysis of ACBP-deficient parasites revealed differentially expressed genes involved in a wide range of biological processes such as lipid metabolism, posttranslational modification, and membrane biogenesis. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that genetic ablation of NcACBP did not impair the survival and growth phenotype of N. caninum but enhanced its pathogenicity in mice. This deletion did not affect the overall fatty acid composition but modified the abundance of TAG. The loss of NcACBP resulted in global changes in the expression of multiple genes. This study provides a foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanism of lipid metabolism in N. caninum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxin Zhou
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Fu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Zhang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmei Wang
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaowei Jin
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhai Xu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- National Animal Protozoa Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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