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Wang X, Liu J, Wang S, Xie Y, Liu Y, Fan J, Li Y, Lu Y, Huang L, Wang Z. Online LC-ESI-MS/MS comparative analysis of N/O-glycopatterns in human colostrum from different ethnic groups in Northwest China. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 327:121675. [PMID: 38171687 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides, including free oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates, exert a key role in neonatal health and development. Changes in free oligosaccharides of milk from different ethnic groups have been documented. In this study, human milk was collected from Han, Hui, and Tibetan populations in northwest China, and differences in N/O-glycome among these three ethnic groups were systematically compared using online high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Among the 63 detected N-glycans, 35 showed significant differences between the three ethnic groups (p < 0.05). Among the 70 detected O-glycans, four neutral O-glycans and six acidic O-glycans exhibited significant differences among the three ethnic groups (p < 0.05), with six acidic O-glycans reported for the first time. Overall, the extent of milk N/O-glycosylation was higher in the Han population than in the Hui or Tibetan groups. This trend was particularly pronounced for the main sialylated N/O-glycans. Except for sulfated O-glycans, which were higher in the milk from Tibetan mothers, the other types of N/O-glycans were present in similar proportions across all ethnic groups. Understanding the composition of N/O-glycans in human milk can help research on the structure-function relationship of glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Shukai Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yipei Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Yanping Li
- Lanzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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2
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Yamaguchi T, Fukudome H, Higuchi J, Takahashi T, Tsujimori Y, Ueno HM, Toba Y, Sakai F. Label-Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Quantitation of Relative N- and O-Glycan Concentrations in Human Milk in Japan. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1772. [PMID: 38339050 PMCID: PMC10855831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk is abundant in carbohydrates and includes human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and N/O-glycans conjugated to proteins. HMO compositions and concentrations vary in individuals according to the maternal secretor status based on the fucosyltransferase 2 genotype; however, the profile of N/O-glycans remains uninvestigated because of the analytical complexity. Herein, we applied a label-free chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) technique to elucidate the variation in the composition and concentration of N/O-glycans in human milk. We used label-free LC-MS to relatively quantify 16 N-glycans and 12 O-glycans in 200 samples of Japanese human milk (1-2 months postpartum) and applied high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection to absolutely quantify the concentrations of 11 representative HMOs. Cluster analysis of the quantitative data revealed that O-glycans and several HMOs were classified according to the presence or absence of fucose linked to galactose while N-glycans were classified into a different group from O-glycans and HMOs. O-glycans and HMOs with fucose linked to galactose were more abundant in human milk from secretor mothers than from nonsecretor mothers. Thus, secretor status influenced the composition and concentration of HMOs and O-glycans but not those of N-glycans in human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Yamaguchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.F.); (J.H.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Hirofumi Fukudome
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.F.); (J.H.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Junichi Higuchi
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.F.); (J.H.); (H.M.U.)
| | - Tomoki Takahashi
- Department of Research and Development, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yuta Tsujimori
- Department of Research and Development, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.F.); (J.H.); (H.M.U.)
- Department of Research and Development, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasuhiro Toba
- Department of Research and Development, Bean Stalk Snow Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.T.); (Y.T.)
| | - Fumihiko Sakai
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., 1-1-2 Minamidai, Kawagoe-shi 350-1165, Saitama, Japan; (T.Y.); (H.F.); (J.H.); (H.M.U.)
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3
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Guan B, Cao X, Yang M, Yue X, Liu D. Comparative Site-Specific O-Glycosylation Analysis of the Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome in Donkey Colostrum and Mature Milk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:1405-1417. [PMID: 38181196 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Donkey milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteins are a class of membrane-bound secreted proteins with broad-spectrum biofunctional activities; however, their site-specific O-glycosylation landscapes have not been systematically mapped. In this study, an in-depth MFGM O-glycoproteome profile of donkey milk during lactation was constructed based on an intact glycopeptide-centered, label-free glycoproteomics pipeline, with 2137 site-specific O-glycans from 1121 MFGM glycoproteins and 619 site-specific O-glycans from 217 MFGM glycoproteins identified in donkey colostrum and donkey mature milk, respectively. As lactation progressed, the number of site-specific O-glycans from three glycoproteins significantly increased, whereas that of 11 site-specific O-glycans from five glycoproteins significantly decreased. Furthermore, donkey MFGM O-glycoproteins with core-1 and core-2 core structures and Lewis and sialylated branch structures may be involved in regulating apoptosis. The findings of this study reveal the differences in the composition of donkey MFGM O-glycoproteins and their site-specific O-glycosylation modification dynamic change rules during lactation, providing a molecular basis for understanding the complexity and biological functions of donkey MFGM protein O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyuan Guan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China
| | - Mei Yang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China
| | - Xiqing Yue
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 11086, China
| | - Donghong Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, China
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4
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Zhong P, Yang Y, Han T, Huang W, Liu Y, Gong G, Huang L, Lu Y, Wang Z. Comparative Analysis of Free and Glycoconjugates Oligosaccharide Content in Milk from Different Species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:670-678. [PMID: 38135877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Human milk is important for infant growth, and oligosaccharides are one of its main functional nutrients. To enable a systematic comparison of free oligosaccharide and glycoconjugate content in milk from different species, the phenol-sulfuric acid and resorcinol assays were combined to determine the content. Using real samples, the method revealed that human milk contained the highest amount of total, neutral (9.84 ± 0.31 g/L), and sialylated (3.21 ± 0.11 g/L) free oligosaccharides, followed by goat milk, with neutral (0.135 ± 0.015 g/L) and sialylated (0.192 ± 0.016 g/L) free oligosaccharides and at a distance by bovine and yak milk. The highest total glycoconjugate content was detected in yak milk (0.798 ± 0.011 g/L), followed by human, bovine, and goat milk. These findings suggest that goat milk is the best source of free oligosaccharides in infant formula and functional dairy products and yak milk is the best source of glycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyun Zhong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuerong Yang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianjiao Han
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqi Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuxia Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Guiping Gong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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5
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Wang X, Liu Y, Rong J, Yuan J, Zhong P, Fan J, Huang L, Wang Q, Wang Z. Comparative Analysis of Human Milk Glycosphingolipids from Different Secretor Mothers Using HILIC-MS/MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18578-18586. [PMID: 37966061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids participate in brain development, intestinal tract maturation, and defense against gut pathogens. Here, we performed a qualitative and quantitative comparison of milk glycosphingolipids from secretors and nonsecretors. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was employed, along with an internal standard, to resolve the complications presented by the fact that glycosphingolipids are structurally diverse, varying in glycan composition and ceramide. In total, 101 glycosphingolipids were detected, of which 76 were reported for the first time, including fucose-modified neutral glycosphingolipids. Seventy-eight glycosphingolipids differed significantly between secretor and nonsecretor milk (p < 0.05), resulting in higher levels of certain neutral species (p < 0.001) but lower levels of fucose-modified monosialylated and disialylated species in secretor mothers (p < 0.01). In both milk types, the most abundant glycosphingolipids were of the monosialylated type, followed by disialylated, neutral, and trisialylated ones. Notably, fucose-modified monosialylated glycosphingolipids accounted for the highest proportion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yipei Liu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinqiao Rong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinhang Yuan
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Peiyun Zhong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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6
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Wang X, Pei J, Hao D, Zhang Y, Liao Y, Wang Q, Fan J, Huang L, Wang Z. Online PGC-LC-ESI-MS/MS comparative analysis of variations in human milk O-glycopatterns from different secretor status. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 315:121004. [PMID: 37230641 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
O-glycome is one of the important components of glycoconjugates in human milk which is speculated to provide protective features similar to those observed in free oligosaccharides. The effects of maternal secretor status on free oligosaccharides and N-glycome in milk have been well researched and documented. Currently, milk O-glycome of secretors (Se+) and nonsecretors (Se-) was investigated through reductive β-elimination combined with porous graphitized carbon-liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 70 presumptive O-glycan structures were identified, of which 25 O-glycans (including 14 sulfated O-glycans) were reported for the first time. Notably, 23 O-glycans exhibited significant differences between Se+ and Se- samples (p < 0.05). Compared to Se- group, the O-glycans of the Se+ group was two times more abundant in the total glycosylation, sialylation, fucosylation, and sulfation (p < 0.01). In conclusion, approximately one-third of the milk O-glycosylation was influenced by maternal FUT2-related secretor status. Our data will lay a foundation for the study of O-glycans structure-function relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiahuan Pei
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Daokuan Hao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yujie Liao
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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7
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Wang X, Li W, Li Z, Han T, Rong J, Fan J, Huang L, Lu Y, Wang Z. Human milk whey glycoprotein N-glycans varied greatly among different maternal secretor status. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 310:120728. [PMID: 36925253 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Human milk glycans are complex carbohydrates, which play a pivotal role in infant health and neonatal development. Maternal secretor status is known to affect free oligosaccharides in milk. Here, the milk N-glycome of secretor (Se+) and nonsecretor (Se-) individuals was qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. The total glycosylation, fucosylation, and sialylation of N-glycans was three times higher in the Se+ group compared to the Se- group (p < 0.001) per equal volume of milk. Importantly, 52 out of 63 N-glycans-including the eight most abundant ones-differed greatly between Se+ and Se- individuals (p < 0.05). Moreover, nine N-glycans (H5N3F1, H6N3, H3N5F1, H5N5F1, H5N5F1S1, H5N4F3S1, H6N4F2S1, H6N5F4S1, and H8N7S1) were >10 times more abundant in Se+ milk than in Se- milk. These findings lay a glycomics-basis for designing personalized nutrition supplements for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Tianjiao Han
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jinqiao Rong
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jiangbo Fan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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8
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Yuan H, Chen F, Zhang M, Ma S, Qu M, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Zhang S. Rapid identification and relative quantification of disaccharide isomers by three fragment ion pairs using ESI-MS/MS and its application in yellow rice wine. Food Chem 2023; 409:135340. [PMID: 36592600 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Small structural differences bring great difficulties on carbohydrates identification, especially in terms of their quantification. Herein, a novel ESI-MS/MS based strategy was established to discriminate and relatively quantified protonated PMP-disaccharides with different composition and glycosidic bond. Interestingly, protonated PMP labeled-disaccharides provided abundant fragment ions arising from cross-ring cleavage and glycosidic bond cleavage, which could afford diagnostic fragment patterns for isomers differentiation in combination of statistical analysis. It was worth to note that the relative intensity ratios (RIR) of three ion pairs could completely discriminate 16 disaccharides, and subsequently used to relatively quantified isomers in a binary mixture. Ultimately, this method was applied for the discrimination of yellow rice wine, and then the relative content of maltose and isomaltose were confirmed as well. In general, this method was easy to operation and effective for rapid differentiation and quantification of isomeric disaccharides in complex matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Fangya Chen
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Shanshan Ma
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Mengyuan Qu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Wuduo Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China; Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Henan 450001, China.
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9
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Lectin microarray profiling demonstrates equivalent global glycosylation for whey protein ingredients enriched with α-lactalbumin and milk fat globule membrane. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112416. [PMID: 36737995 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Human milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and whey proteins are nutritionally and functionally valuable, with many beneficial bioactivities associated with their glycosylation. However glycosylation of milk components other than free milk oligosaccharides are underinvestigated. Whey protein concentrate (WPC) ingredients with various enrichments or depletions are used in infant formula (IF) formulations to contribute to human milk equivalence and bioactivity benefits, but their overall or global glycosylation has not been compared. We compared the global glycosylation of commercial WPC ingredients for use in various IF formulations; two MFGM-enriched WPC ingredients (high fat HF1 and lower fat HF2), an α-lactalbumin-enriched WPC (WPC Lac) which has α-lactalbumin concentration closer to human milk and significantly less β-lactoglobulin which is not present in human milk, and two base WPC ingredients (WPC 80 and WPC 35) using lectin microarray profiling. WPC Lac and WPC HF1 glycosylation were highly similar to each other and both somewhat similar to WPC 35, while WPC HF2 was more similar to the base WPC 80 ingredient. N-linked glycosylation analysis demonstrated that WPC HF1 and WPC Lac were qualitatively most similar to one another, with WPC 80 and WPC 35 having similar structures, confirming lectin microarray profiling as a valuable method to compare global glycosylation. Thus WPC Lac may be a valuable ingredient for providing equivalent glycosylation to MFGM supplementation.
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10
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2019-2020. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022:e21806. [PMID: 36468275 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This review is the tenth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2020. Also included are papers that describe methods appropriate to analysis by MALDI, such as sample preparation techniques, even though the ionization method is not MALDI. The review is basically divided into three sections: (1) general aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, fragmentation, quantification and the use of arrays. (2) Applications to various structural types such as oligo- and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals, and (3) other areas such as medicine, industrial processes and glycan synthesis where MALDI is extensively used. Much of the material relating to applications is presented in tabular form. The reported work shows increasing use of incorporation of new techniques such as ion mobility and the enormous impact that MALDI imaging is having. MALDI, although invented nearly 40 years ago is still an ideal technique for carbohydrate analysis and advancements in the technique and range of applications show little sign of diminishing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
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11
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Wang H, Zhang X, Kang P, Cui X, Hao G, Wang Z, Han B, Lv X, Zhang J, Ge W. Variations in Oligosaccharides and N/ O-Glycans in Human Milk through the Eight-Month Lactation Period. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14272-14283. [PMID: 36315615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides and N/O-glycans are abundant in human milk and have numerous biological functions (for instance sialylated glycans provide sialic acid for the growth of infant brains), but their variation trends during lactation need further exploration. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of oligosaccharides and N/O-glycans in human milk at different lactation stages (from 7 days to 8 months) were performed using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Thirty-four oligosaccharides, twenty-three N-glycans, and six O-glycans were identified. Oligosaccharides showed the highest abundance in human colostrum and decreased with the progression of lactation, and the abundance of N/O-glycans fluctuated as lactation progressed, while a high abundance of sialylated oligosaccharides and sialylated N/O-glycans was observed in human colostrum. These findings provide evidence for breastfeeding support and contribute to the development of infant formula supplemented with human milk glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ximei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Peng Kang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiuxiu Cui
- Xi'an Baiyue Goat Dairy Group Co., Ltd, Yanliang 710089, China
| | - Guo Hao
- Shaanxi Goat Milk Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, Fuping 711700, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Bei Han
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Xin Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wupeng Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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12
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Wang X, Li Z, Li W, Li C, Liu J, Lu Y, Fan J, Ren H, Huang L, Wang Z. Gestational diabetes mellitus affects the fucosylation and sialylation levels of N/O-glycans in human milk glycoproteins. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120312. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Guan B, Zhang Z, Chai Y, Amantai X, Chen X, Cao X, Yue X. N-glycosylation of milk proteins: A review spanning 2010–2022. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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14
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The mechanism of probiotic action of human milk N-glycome towards B. infantis ATCC 15697 and identification of the principal functional components. Food Chem 2022; 384:132532. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Yang Y, Lu Y, Liu Y, Pan Y, Ma H, Huang L, Wang Z. Comparative analysis of yak milk and bovine milk glycoprotein N/O-glycome by online HILIC-UV-ESI-MS/MS. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118918. [PMID: 34973737 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Yak milk (YM) has higher protein content than other bovine milk (BM) varieties. The bioactivity of milk glycoproteins is related to N/O-glycans. We qualitatively and quantitatively compared the N/O-glycome of YM and BM glycoproteins using stable isotope labeling combined with hydrophilic interaction chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. We identified 79 and 78 N-glycans in YM and BM, respectively. Two N-glycans (H4N5F1A1; H5N4F1) were exclusive to YM. The content ratios of different types of N-glycans differed significantly between YM and BM, with sialylated N-glycans 2.33 times more abundant in YM. Five and seven O-glycans were detected in YM and BM, respectively. Two O-glycans (H1N2; H1N2A1) were exclusive to BM. The bi-sialylated O-glycan, H1N1A2, accounted for 56.1% of O-glycans in YM; it was 5.97 times more abundant in YM than in BM (equal volume basis). This study provides a theoretical basis for the future utilization of YM as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuerong Yang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yinchuan Liu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Pan
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Hongjuan Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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16
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Jia Y, Lu Y, Wang X, Yang Y, Zou M, Liu J, Jin W, Wang X, Pang G, Huang L, Wang Z. Mass spectrometry based quantitative and qualitative analyses reveal N-glycan changes of bovine lactoferrin at different stages of lactation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Schulze S, Oltmanns A, Fufezan C, Krägenbring J, Mormann M, Pohlschröder M, Hippler M. SugarPy facilitates the universal, discovery-driven analysis of intact glycopeptides. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:5330-5336. [PMID: 33325487 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Protein glycosylation is a complex post-translational modification with crucial cellular functions in all domains of life. Currently, large-scale glycoproteomics approaches rely on glycan database dependent algorithms and are thus unsuitable for discovery-driven analyses of glycoproteomes. RESULTS Therefore, we devised SugarPy, a glycan database independent Python module, and validated it on the glycoproteome of human breast milk. We further demonstrated its applicability by analyzing glycoproteomes with uncommon glycans stemming from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and the archaeon Haloferax volcanii. SugarPy also facilitated the novel characterization of glycoproteins from the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. AVAILABILITY The source code is freely available on GitHub (https://github.com/SugarPy/SugarPy), and its implementation in Python ensures support for all operating systems. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schulze
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, Leidy Laboratories, Philadelphia, USA.,University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anne Oltmanns
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Fufezan
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Muenster, Germany.,Heidelberg University, Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Krägenbring
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Muenster, Germany.,University of Muenster, Institute for Hygiene, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Mormann
- University of Muenster, Institute for Hygiene, Muenster, Germany
| | - Mechthild Pohlschröder
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Biology, Leidy Laboratories, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Michael Hippler
- University of Muenster, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Muenster, Germany.,Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
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18
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Alteration of the goat milk glycoproteins N/O-glycome at different lactation stages. Food Chem 2020; 342:128221. [PMID: 33092920 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Goat milk oligosaccharides represent an unexplored multi-functional ingredient for the dairy industry. Here, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the N/O-glycome at different lactation stages via online hydrophilic interaction chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Complex N-glycans and high mannose N-glycans constituted 82.1% and 17.9% of the glycan pool, respectively. N-glycans with isomers containing non-bisected antenna complex structures accounted for 30.8%. N-glycans modified with Neu5Ac, Neu5Gc and fucosylated were 3.7%, 5.3% and 35.3%. The triantennary trifucosylated complex N-glycan (H5N5F3) was reported for the first time. A comparison between colostrum and mature milk revealed a 1.20-fold decrease in total N-glycans and 1.66-fold decrease in fucosylation with ongoing lactation, echoing the trend in human milk. Similarly, Neu5Ac- and Neu5Gc-modified sialylation decreased by 1.69 and 3.62 times, respectively. In the O-glycome, 46.2% of structures were O-linked core 1, 23.1% were O-linked core 2, 7.7% were O-linked core 3 and core 4. As lactation progressed, overall O-glycans content decreased by 1.26-fold. Unlike human milk, Neu5Ac- and Neu5Gc-modified sialylation increased by 4.4 and 2 times, respectively. These findings will facilitate research on the structure-function relationship of goat milk oligosaccharides and the development of formula food targeting different age groups.
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19
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Jin W, Li C, Zou M, Lu Y, Wei M, Nan L, Jia Y, Wang C, Huang L, Wang Z. A preliminary study on isomer-specific quantification of sialylated N-glycans released from whey glycoproteins in human colostrum and mature milk using a glycoqueuing strategy. Food Chem 2020; 339:127866. [PMID: 32858386 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sialylated N-glycans are an integral component of whey proteins in human milk and play an irreplaceable role in infant growth and development. Currently, there are few studies on quantitative comparison of sialylated N-glycans in milk obtained at different lactation stages. Here, a preliminary isomer-specific quantification of whey sialylated N-glycans of human colostrum milk (CM) and mature milk (MM) was performed by using our recently developed glycoqueuing strategy. Such a preliminary comparison revealed that the whey sialylated N-glycan content was 86.4% lower in MM than in CM. Twenty-three α2,6-linked sialylated N-glycan isomers were detected with no α2,3-linked isomer observed. For the first time, three mono-sialylated and four bi-sialylated glycan isomers were reported. With the prolongation of lactation, the relative abundance of mono-sialylated glycans increased, whilst the relative abundance of bi-sialylated glycans decreased significantly. These findings contribute to the understanding of the structure-function relationship of sialylated N-glycans in the human whey fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanjun Jin
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Shannxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Meiyi Zou
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yu Lu
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ming Wei
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Lijing Nan
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yue Jia
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chengjian Wang
- Shannxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shannxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; Shannxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Utilization Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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20
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Elwakiel M, Bakx EJ, Szeto IM, Li Y, Hettinga KA, Schols HA. Serum Protein N-Glycans in Colostrum and Mature Milk of Chinese Mothers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:6873-6883. [PMID: 32496058 PMCID: PMC7317985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To study the Chinese human milk N-glycome over lactation, N-glycans were released and separated from serum proteins, purified by solid-phase extraction, and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). In total, 66 different putative N-glycans were found in the colostrum (week 1) and mature milk (week 4) of seven Chinese mothers. A clear difference was observed between milk of five secretor and two nonsecretor mothers, based on the type and relative amounts of the individual N-glycans. The relative levels of the total neutral nonfucosylated and the fucosylated N-glycans in milk of five secretor mothers increased and decreased over lactation, respectively. This pattern could not be observed for the milk from the two nonsecretor mothers. Overall, this was the first study that provided detailed information on individual N-glycans in milk among mothers and over time as well as that fucosylation of N-glycans in milk was associated with the mother's secretor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohèb Elwakiel
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Food
Quality and Design, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin J. Bakx
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ignatius M. Szeto
- Inner
Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Jinshan Road 8, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Yitong Li
- Inner
Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Jinshan Road 8, 010110 Hohhot, China
| | - Kasper A. Hettinga
- Food
Quality and Design, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University
& Research, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
- . Tel: +31 317 482239
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21
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Orczyk-Pawiłowicz M, Lis-Kuberka J. The Impact of Dietary Fucosylated Oligosaccharides and Glycoproteins of Human Milk on Infant Well-Being. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041105. [PMID: 32316160 PMCID: PMC7230487 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from optimal nutritional value, human milk is the feeding strategy to support the immature immunological system of developing newborns and infants. The most beneficial dietary carbohydrate components of breast milk are human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) and glycoproteins (HMGs), involved in both specific and nonspecific immunity. Fucosylated oligosaccharides represent the largest fraction of human milk oligosaccharides, with the simplest and the most abundant being 2'-fucosyllactose (2'FL). Fucosylated oligosaccharides, as well as glycans of glycoproteins, as beneficial dietary sugars, elicit anti-adhesive properties against fucose-dependent pathogens, and on the other hand are crucial for growth and metabolism of beneficial bacteria, and in this aspect participate in shaping a healthy microbiome. Well-documented secretor status related differences in the fucosylation profile of HMOs and HMGs may play a key but underestimated role in assessment of susceptibility to fucose-dependent pathogen infections, with a potential impact on applied clinical procedures. Nevertheless, due to genetic factors, about 20% of mothers do not provide their infants with beneficial dietary carbohydrates such as 2'-FL and other α1,2-fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycans of glycoproteins, despite breastfeeding them. The lack of such structures may have important implications for a wide range of aspects of infant well-being and healthcare. In light of the above, some artificial mixtures used in infant nutrition are supplemented with 2'-FL to more closely approximate the unique composition of maternal milk, including dietary-derived fucosylated oligosaccharides and glycoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jolanta Lis-Kuberka
- Correspondence: (M.O.-P.); (J.L.-K.); Tel.: +48-71-770-30-64 (M.O.-P.); +48-71-770-32-17 (J.L.-K.)
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22
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Lu Y, Jin W, Yang Y, Jia Y, Sun L, Liu J, Wang L, Zhang F, Ge W, Wang J, Huang L, Wang Z. Online LC-UV-ESI-MS/MS Comparative Analysis of Changes in Goat Colostrum N/ O-Glycopatterns at Different Parities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:2174-2182. [PMID: 31985220 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Goat milk oligosaccharides are complex carbohydrates with a variety of biological functions. Free oligosaccharides from goat milk show more similarity to human milk than cow milk. At present, changes in goat milk glycoconjugates at different parities remain poorly studied. Herein, we qualitatively and quantitatively compared the goat milk glycoprotein N/O-glycome at different parities using a stable isotope labeling followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and online hydrophilic interaction chromatography. N-Glycans were mainly fucosylated and nonfucosylated nonsialylated, and both fucosylation and sialylation gradually increased with parity, amounting (at the third parity) to 1.25 times and 3.3 times those of the first parity, respectively. O-Glycans were mostly nonfucosylated and nonsialylated, and sialylation increased with increasing parity, and Neu5Ac-sialylated was up to 9 times higher in the third parity than in the first parity, whereas Neu5Gc-sialylated was 5.5 times higher. This study provides a reference for exploring an alternative milk source closest to human milk and for the development of humanized formula milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lu
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Wanjun Jin
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Yuerong Yang
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Yue Jia
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Lujia Sun
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Jie Liu
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Langhong Wang
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Fuxing Zhang
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science , Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710119 , China
| | - Wupeng Ge
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , Yangling 712100 , China
| | - Jiansheng Wang
- Shaanxi Hongxing Meiling Dairy Co., Ltd. , Fuping 711700 , China
| | - Linjuan Huang
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- The College of Life Sciences , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
- Shaanxi Natural Carbohydrate Resource Engineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology , Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 , China
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