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Li L, Chen J, Zheng Y, Lane J, Hu R, Zhu J, Fu X, Huang Q, Liu F, Zhang B. Gastro-Intestinal Digested Bovine Milk Osteopontin Modulates Gut Barrier Biomarkers In Vitro. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2200777. [PMID: 38193251 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein naturally present in mammals' milk, associated with immune homeostasis and intestinal maturation. This study aims to investigate the protein digestion pattern and the cellular bioactivity of bovine milk OPN digesta in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS A modified INFOGEST static in vitro infant digestion protocol and a Caco-2/HT-29 co-culture cell model are employed to evaluate the digestion properties and the anti-inflammatory effects of OPN. OPN is resistant to gastric hydrolysis but degraded into large peptides during intestinal digestion. Its 10 kDa digesta permeate with predicted extensive bioactivities protects the co-culture cell model from the inflammation-induced dysfunction by dose-dependently recovering the expression of occludin, claudin-3, and ZO-1. Low dosage of OPN significantly decreases the production of IL-8 and IL-6, and downregulates the mRNA and protein expression of MyD88, NF-κB p65, and IκB-α, whereas a high dose evokes a mild pro-inflammatory response. Interestingly, anti-inflammatory effect of OPN digesta is stronger than lactoferrin and whey protein concentrate counterparts. CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that the bioactive peptides released from in vitro infant gastrointestinal digestion of bovine milk OPN alleviates intestinal epithelial cell inflammation by inhibiting NF-κB pathway activation and potentiates the barrier function of the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Juchun Chen
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Yuxing Zheng
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jonathan Lane
- H&H Group, H&H Research, Global Research and Technology Centre, P61 K202 Co, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruibiao Hu
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Feitong Liu
- H&H Group, H&H Research, China Research and Innovation Center, Guangzhou, 510700, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation of Food Nutrition and Human Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- Sino-Singapore International Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510555, China
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Li C, Lu Y, Wang J, Liu B, Szeto IMY, Zhang W, Bi R, Duan S, Quan R, Wang X, Li Y, Xiong W, Sun J, Sun Y. Immunoregulation of bovine lactoferrin together with osteopontin promotes immune system development and maturation. Food Funct 2024; 15:866-880. [PMID: 38165790 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The immune system of infants is partly weak and immature, and supplementation of infant formula can be of vital importance to boost the development of the immune system. Lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN) are essential proteins in human milk with immunoregulation function. An increasing number of studies indicate that proteins have interactions with each other in milk, and our previous study found that a ratio of LF : OPN at 1 : 5 (w/w, denoted as LOP) had a synergistic effect on intestinal barrier protection. It remains unknown whether LOP can also exert a stronger effect on immunoregulation. Hence, we used an in vitro model of LPS-induced macrophage inflammation and in vivo models of LPS-induced intestinal inflammation and early life development. We showed that LOP increased the secretion of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (132%), stem cell factor (167%) and interleukin-3 (176%) in bone marrow cells, as well as thymosin (155%) and interleukin-10 (161%) in the thymus, more than LF or OPN alone during development, and inhibited changes in immune cells and cytokines during the LPS challenge. In addition, analysis of the components of digested proteins in vitro revealed that differentially expressed peptides may provide immunoregulation. Lastly, LOP increased the abundance of Rikenellaceae, Muribaculum, Faecalibaculum, and Elisenbergiella in the cecum content. These results imply that LOP is a potential immunomodifier for infants and offers a new theoretical basis for infant formula innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuangang Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yao Lu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Biao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Co-Constructed by Ministry of Education and Beijing Municipality, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
| | - Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy, Hohhot, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Ran Bi
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Sufang Duan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Xuemin Wang
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd, Yili Maternal and Infant Nutrition Institute (YMINI), Beijing, China
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd, Hohhot, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
- Food Laboratory of Zhongyuan, Luohe 462000, China
| | - Jiazeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
| | - Yanan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. @
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3
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Sørensen ES, Christensen B. Milk Osteopontin and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112423. [PMID: 37299387 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein found in all vertebrates. OPN is expressed in many different cell types, and is consequently found in most tissues and physiological secretions. OPN is involved in a multitude of biological processes, such as activation and regulation of the immune system; biomineralization; tissue-transformative processes, including growth and development of the gut and brain; interaction with bacteria; and many more. OPN is found in the highest concentrations in milk, where it is believed to initiate and regulate developmental, immunological and physiological processes in infants who consume milk. Processes for the isolation of bovine OPN for use in infant formula have been developed, and in recent years, many studies have investigated the effects of the intake of milk OPN. The purpose of this article is to review and compare existing knowledge about the structure and function of milk OPN, with a particular focus on the effects of milk OPN on human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Brian Christensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Conesa C, Bellés A, Grasa L, Sánchez L. The Role of Lactoferrin in Intestinal Health. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1569. [PMID: 37376017 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestine represents one of the first barriers where microorganisms and environmental antigens come into tight contact with the host immune system. A healthy intestine is essential for the well-being of humans and animals. The period after birth is a very important phase of development, as the infant moves from a protected environment in the uterus to one with many of unknown antigens and pathogens. In that period, mother's milk plays an important role, as it contains an abundance of biologically active components. Among these components, the iron-binding glycoprotein, lactoferrin (LF), has demonstrated a variety of important benefits in infants and adults, including the promotion of intestinal health. This review article aims to provide a compilation of all the information related to LF and intestinal health, in infants and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Conesa
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Andrea Bellés
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón IA2 (UNIZAR-CITA), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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Levy E, Marcil V, Tagharist Ép Baumel S, Dahan N, Delvin E, Spahis S. Lactoferrin, Osteopontin and Lactoferrin–Osteopontin Complex: A Critical Look on Their Role in Perinatal Period and Cardiometabolic Disorders. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061394. [PMID: 36986124 PMCID: PMC10052990 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-derived bioactive proteins have increasingly gained attention and consideration throughout the world due to their high-quality amino acids and multiple health-promoting attributes. Apparently, being at the forefront of functional foods, these bioactive proteins are also suggested as potential alternatives for the management of various complex diseases. In this review, we will focus on lactoferrin (LF) and osteopontin (OPN), two multifunctional dairy proteins, as well as to their naturally occurring bioactive LF–OPN complex. While describing their wide variety of physiological, biochemical, and nutritional functionalities, we will emphasize their specific roles in the perinatal period. Afterwards, we will evaluate their ability to control oxidative stress, inflammation, gut mucosal barrier, and intestinal microbiota in link with cardiometabolic disorders (CMD) (obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension) and associated complications (diabetes and atherosclerosis). This review will not only attempt to highlight the mechanisms of action, but it will critically discuss the potential therapeutic applications of the underlined bioactive proteins in CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emile Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Sarah Tagharist Ép Baumel
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Noam Dahan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
| | - Schohraya Spahis
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Sainte-Catherine Road, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Biochemistry &Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, C. P. 6205, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3T5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(514)-345-4832
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6
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Einerhand AWC, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Weiss GA, Wang C, Ba G, Fan Q, He B, Smit G. Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245274. [PMID: 36558432 PMCID: PMC9782828 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding mass vaccination against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is still a demand for complementary nutritional intervention strategies to fight COVID-19. The bovine milk protein lactoferrin (LF) has attracted interest of nutraceutical, food and dairy industries for its numerous properties-ranging from anti-viral and anti-microbial to immunological-making it a potential functional ingredient in a wide variety of food applications to maintain health. Importantly, bovine LF was found to exert anti-viral activities against several types of viruses, including certain SARS-CoV-2 variants. LF's potential effect on COVID-19 patients has seen a rapid increase of in vitro and in vivo studies published, resulting in a model on how LF might play a role during different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim of this narrative review is two-fold: (1) to highlight the most relevant findings concerning LF's anti-viral, anti-microbial, iron-binding, immunomodulatory, microbiota-modulatory and intestinal barrier properties that support health of the two most affected organs in COVID-19 patients (lungs and gut), and (2) to explore the possible underlying mechanisms governing its mode of action. Thanks to its potential effects on health, bovine LF can be considered a good candidate for nutritional interventions counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and related COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caiyun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Genna Ba
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Qicheng Fan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Baoping He
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Gerrit Smit
- Yili Innovation Center Europe, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Impact of casein-to-whey protein ratio on gastric emptying, proteolysis, and peptidome profile of fermented milk during in vitro dynamic gastrointestinal digestion in preschool children. Food Chem 2022; 405:134840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ceniti C, Costanzo N, Morittu VM, Tilocca B, Roncada P, Britti D. Review: Colostrum as an Emerging food: Nutraceutical Properties and Food Supplement. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2034165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Ceniti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Costanzo
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valeria Maria Morittu
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario “S. Venuta”, Catanzaro, Italy
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Jiang H, Gallier S, Feng L, Han J, Liu W. Development of the digestive system in early infancy and nutritional management of digestive problems in breastfed and formula-fed infants. Food Funct 2022; 13:1062-1077. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03223b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Food digestion and absorption in infants are closely related to early growth and long-term health. Human milk and infant formula are the main food sources for 0-6 month-old infants. Due...
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Wang Y, Ze X, Rui B, Li X, Zeng N, Yuan J, Li W, Yan J, Li M. Studies and Application of Sialylated Milk Components on Regulating Neonatal Gut Microbiota and Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:766606. [PMID: 34859034 PMCID: PMC8631720 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.766606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast milk is rich in sialic acids (SA), which are commonly combined with milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. As a functional nutrient component, SA-containing milk components have received increasing attention in recent years. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been demonstrated to promote the growth and metabolism of beneficial gut microbiota in infants, bringing positive outcomes to intestinal health and immune function. They also exhibit antiviral and bacteriostatic activities in the intestinal mucosa of new-borns, thereby inhibiting the adhesion of pathogens to host cells. These properties play a pivotal role in regulating the intestinal microbial ecosystem and preventing the occurrence of neonatal inflammatory diseases. In addition, some recent studies also support the promoting effects of sialylated HMOs on neonatal bone and brain development. In addition to HMOs, sialylated glycoproteins and glycolipids are abundant in milk, and are also critical to neonatal health. This article reviews the current research progress in the regulation of sialylated milk oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates on neonatal gut microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushuang Wang
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Binqi Rui
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinke Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nina Zeng
- Science and Technology Centre, By-Health Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Yuan
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China
| | - Ming Li
- College of Basic Medical Science, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Ma Y, Hou Y, Xie K, Zhang L, Zhou P. Digestive differences in immunoglobulin G and lactoferrin among human, bovine, and caprine milk following in vitro digestion. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.105081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Jia Q, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yu H, Tong X. A literature review on lactopontin and its roles in early life. Transl Pediatr 2021; 10:1924-1931. [PMID: 34430441 PMCID: PMC8349962 DOI: 10.21037/tp-21-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study aims to review the functions and possible mechanisms of lactopontin (LPN) in early life. BACKGROUND Human milk proteins provide a variety of protection and health benefits in early life. One of these multifunctional proteins is LPN, which is osteopontin (OPN) derived from milk. METHODS Information used to write this paper was collected from Uniprot, PubMed, and Google Scholar, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. CONCLUSIONS LPN is a highly phosphorylated, O-glycosylated acidic protein and a unique type of OPN, as it presents at the highest concentration and a higher degree of posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in human milk than other tissues and excretions. LPN is present in milk and the intestinal tracts of infants after consumption as a mixture of intact protein and peptides, which can bind diverse integrin and receptors in the target cell and drive downstream signaling pathways. LPN is found to play important roles in developing the immune, intestinal and nervous systems in early life. Moreover, LPN has also shown to support preterm infants' health when they are especially vulnerable after delivery via animal studies. Additionally, LPN can form protein complex with another milk bioactive protein, lactoferrin (LF), to withstand proteolysis and perform more efficient biological activity. Therefore, LPN showed great potential for early life while more clinical trials and evidence are still emergying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Nutritional and Functional Assessment, Beijing Institute of Nutritional Resources, Beijing, China
| | - Huanling Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomei Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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