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Dichiara M, Cosentino G, Giordano G, Pasquinucci L, Marrazzo A, Costanzo G, Amata E. Designing drugs optimized for both blood-brain barrier permeation and intra-cerebral partition. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:317-329. [PMID: 38145409 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2023.2294118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing incidence and prevalence of neurological disorders globally, there is a paramount need for new pharmacotherapies. BBB effectively protects the brain but raises a profound challenge to drug permeation, with less than 2% of most drugs reaching the CNS. AREAS COVERED This article reviews aspects of the most recent design strategies, providing insights into ideas and concepts in CNS drug discovery. An overview of the products available on the market is given and why clinical trials are continuously failing is discussed. EXPERT OPINION Among the available CNS drugs, small molecules account for most successful CNS therapeutics due to their ability to penetrate the BBB through passive or carrier-mediated mechanisms. The development of new CNS drugs is very difficult. To date, there is a lack of effective drugs for alleviating or even reversing the progression of brain diseases. Particularly, the use of artificial intelligence strategies, together with more appropriate animal models, may enable the design of molecules with appropriate permeation, to elicit a biological response from the neurotherapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dichiara
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cosentino
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgia Giordano
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lorella Pasquinucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Agostino Marrazzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuliana Costanzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Emanuele Amata
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Sun S, Li Z, Huang C, Liu J, Yu Q, Jiang X, Yue K, Zhao J, Xu T, Liu Y, Li X, Qin C, Jiang Y. Discovery of Novel 2,3-Dihydro-1 H-indene-5-sulfonamide NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitors Targeting Colon as a Potential Therapy for Colitis. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16141-16167. [PMID: 38029358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of multiple inflammation-related diseases. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of novel 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-5-sulfonamide analogues as NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, and then identified compound 15z as a potent and specific inhibitor (IC50: 0.13 μM) with low toxicity. Mechanistic studies indicate that 15z binds directly to NLRP3 protein (KD: 102.7 nM), blocking the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and effectively inhibiting cell pyroptosis. Given the notable distribution of 15z in the colon, the DSS-induced colitis model was employed to evaluate its in vivo effectiveness. 15z significantly impacted NLRP3 inflammasome activation and relieved inflammatory bowel disease symptoms in this model. Acute and subacute toxicity studies suggested that 15z has a favorable safety profile. Our results indicate that 15z has great potential to be further developed as a candidate for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Zhuoyue Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qixin Yu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
| | - Kairui Yue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jianchun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tongqiang Xu
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yankai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Chong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Center for Targeted Protein Degradation and Drug Discovery, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, China
- Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P.R. China
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3
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Chitolina R, Gallas-Lopes M, Reis CG, Benvenutti R, Stahlhofer-Buss T, Calcagnotto ME, Herrmann AP, Piato A. Chemically-induced epileptic seizures in zebrafish: A systematic review. Epilepsy Res 2023; 197:107236. [PMID: 37801749 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2023.107236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of zebrafish as a model organism is gaining evidence in the field of epilepsy as it may help to understand the mechanisms underlying epileptic seizures. As zebrafish assays became popular, the heterogeneity between protocols increased, making it hard to choose a standard protocol to conduct research while also impairing the comparison of results between studies. We conducted a systematic review to comprehensively profile the chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish. Literature searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, followed by a two-step screening process based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Qualitative data were extracted, and a sample of 100 studies was randomly selected for risk of bias assessment. Out of the 1058 studies identified after removing duplicates, 201 met the inclusion criteria. We found that the most common chemoconvulsants used in the reviewed studies were pentylenetetrazole (n = 180), kainic acid (n = 11), and pilocarpine (n = 10), which increase seizure severity in a dose-dependent manner. The main outcomes assessed were seizure scores and locomotion. Significant variability between the protocols was observed for administration route, duration of exposure, and dose/concentration. Of the studies subjected to risk of bias assessment, most were rated as low risk of bias for selective reporting (94%), baseline characteristics of the animals (67%), and blinded outcome assessment (54%). Randomization procedures and incomplete data were rated unclear in 81% and 68% of the studies, respectively. None of the studies reported the sample size calculation. Overall, these findings underscore the need for improved methodological and reporting practices to enhance the reproducibility and reliability of zebrafish models for studying epilepsy. Our study offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of chemically-induced seizure models in zebrafish, highlighting the common chemoconvulsants used and the variability in protocol parameters. This may be particularly valuable to researchers interested in understanding the underlying mechanisms of epileptic seizures and screening potential drug candidates in zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chitolina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Gallas-Lopes
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos G Reis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Radharani Benvenutti
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Thailana Stahlhofer-Buss
- Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Neuroquímica da Excitabilidade Neuronal e Plasticidade Sináptica (NNNESP Lab), Departamento de bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana P Herrmann
- Brazilian Reproducibility Initiative in Preclinical Systematic Review and meta-Analysis (BRISA) Collaboration, Brazil; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Psicofarmacologia Experimental (PsychoLab), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Angelo Piato
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Psicofarmacologia e Comportamento (LAPCOM), Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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4
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Jha RK, Batabyal M, Kumar S. Blue Light Irradiated Metal-, Oxidant-, and Base-Free Cross-Dehydrogenative Coupling of C( sp2)-H and N-H Bonds: Amination of Naphthoquinones with Amines. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37171187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a blue-light-driven amination of C(sp2)-H bond of naphthoquinones and quinones with the N-H bond of primary and secondary amines for the synthesis of 2-amino-naphthoquinones and 2-amino-quinones. The coupling of naphthoquinones with a wide array of aliphatic, aromatic, chiral, primary, and secondary amines having electron donating (-CH3, -OCH3, -SCH3), withdrawing (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), and CO2H, -OH, -NH2 groups with acidic protons selectively occurred to afford C-N coupled 2-amino-naphthoquinones in 60-99% yields and hydrogen gas as a byproduct in methanol solvent without using any additional reagents, additives, and oxidant under the blue light irradiation. Mechanistic insight by DFT computation, controlled experiments, kinetic isotopic effect, and substitution effect of the substrates suggest that the reaction proceeds by radical pathway in which naphthoquinone forms a highly oxidizing naphthoquinonyl biradical upon irradiation of blue light (457 nm). Consequently, electron transfer from electron-rich amine to an oxidizing naphthoquinonyl biradical leads to a naphthoquinonyl radical anion and aminyl radical cation, followed by proton transfer and delocalization leading to a carbon-centered naphthoquinonyl radical. The cross-coupling of naphthoquinonyl carbon-centered and aminyl nitrogen radicals forms a C-N bond, with subsequent elimination of hydrogen gas (which was also confirmed by GC-TCD), affording 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone under metal-, reagent-, base-, and oxidant-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushan Kumar Jha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Monojit Batabyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
| | - Sangit Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, Bhopal By-pass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462066, India
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5
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Yang MT, Chou IC, Wang HS. Role of vitamins in epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav 2023; 139:109062. [PMID: 36577336 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that presents as recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Pharmacotherapy is the main treatment for epilepsy, but at least 30% of patients with epilepsy have pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Therefore, non-pharmacological treatments are still required. In addition to electrophysiological aberrations contributing to epileptogenesis and pathophysiology in epilepsy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangement have been investigated as drug targets in the treatment of epilepsy. Vitamins have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects, which can be beneficial for the treatment of epilepsy. Herein, we comprehensively review the role of vitamins in epilepsy. Certain epilepsies are vitamin-dependent or vitamin-responsive. Most studies on vitamins in epilepsy are of low evidence level or limited to animal studies. Nevertheless, vitamin supplementation should be considered in epilepsy therapy. Additionally, certain anti-seizure medications may alter the serum levels of certain vitamins. Monitoring the serum levels of vitamins and supplementing vitamins when needed are suggested during the follow-up of patients with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Tao Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - I-Ching Chou
- Division of Pediatrics Neurology, China Medical University Children's Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Shyong Wang
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Chang Gung Children's Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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6
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Promising Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents Based on Thiolated Vitamin K3 Analogs: Synthesis, Bioevaluation, Molecular Docking. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050586. [PMID: 35631412 PMCID: PMC9146127 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we designed and synthesized thiolated VK3 analogs (VK3a–g) along with an extensive antimicrobial study. After the evaluation of the antibacterial and antifungal activity against various bacterial and fungal strains, we presented an initial structure–activity relationship study on these VK3 analogs. In particular, four thiolated VK3 analogs exhibited superior biological potency against some Gram-positive bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC® 29213) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC® 29212). Next, all thiolated VK3 analogs were evaluated for their potential of cell growth inhibition on the NCI-60 cancer cell lines panel. This screening underlined that the thiolated VK3 analogs have no visible cytotoxicity on different cancer cell lines. The selected two thiolated VK3 analogs (VK3a and VK3b), having minimal hemolytic activity, which also have the lowest MIC values on S. aureus and E. faecalis, were further evaluated for their inhibition capacities on biofilm formation after evaluating their potential in vitro antimicrobial activity against each of the 20 clinically obtained resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. VK3b showed excellent antimicrobial activity against clinically resistant S. aureus isolates. Furthermore, the tested molecules showed nearly two log10 reduction in the viable cell count at six hours according to the time kill curve studies. Although these molecules decreased biofilm attachment about 50%, when sub-MIC concentrations were used these molecules increased the percentage of biofilm formation. The molecular docking of VK3a and VK3b in S. aureus thymidylate kinase was conducted in order to predict their molecular interactions. VK3a and VK3b exhibited excellent lead-likeness properties and pharmacokinetic profiles that qualify them for further optimization and development. In conclusion, since investigating efficient novel antimicrobial molecules is quite difficult, these studies are of high importance, especially in the present era of antimicrobial resistance.
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Onyenwoke RU, Leung T, Huang X, Parker D, Shipman JG, Alhadyan SK, Sivaraman V. An assessment of vaping-induced inflammation and toxicity: A feasibility study using a 2-stage zebrafish and mouse platform. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 163:112923. [PMID: 35318090 PMCID: PMC9018621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.112923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is currently understood that tobacco smoking is a major cause of pulmonary disease due to pulmonary/lung inflammation. However, due to a highly dynamic market place and an abundance of diverse products, less is known about the effects of e-cigarette (E-cig) use on the lung. In addition, varieties of E-cig liquids (e-liquids), which deliver nicotine and numerous flavor chemicals into the lungs, now number in the 1000s. Thus, a critical need exists for safety evaluations of these E-cig products. Herein, we employed a "2-stage in vivo screening platform" (zebrafish to mouse) to assess the safety profiles of e-liquids. Using the zebrafish, we collected embryo survival data after e-liquid exposure as well as neutrophil migration data, a key hallmark for a pro-inflammatory response. Our data indicate that certain e-liquids induce an inflammatory response in our zebrafish model and that e-liquid exposure alone results in pro-inflammatory lung responses in our C57BL/6J model, data collected from lung staining and ELISA analysis, respectively, in the mouse. Thus, our platform can be used as an initial assessment to ascertain the safety profiles of e-liquid using acute inflammatory responses (zebrafish, Stage 1) as our initial metric followed by chronic studies (C57BL/6J, Stage 2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob U Onyenwoke
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise (BRITE), North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA; Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- The Julius L. Chambers Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - De'Jana Parker
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Shipman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Shatha K Alhadyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Vijay Sivaraman
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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de Souza AS, Ribeiro RCB, Costa DCS, Pauli FP, Pinho DR, de Moraes MG, da Silva FDC, Forezi LDSM, Ferreira VF. Menadione: a platform and a target to valuable compounds synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:381-419. [PMID: 35529893 PMCID: PMC9039524 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Naphthoquinones are important natural or synthetic compounds belonging to the general class of quinones. Many compounds in this class have become drugs that are on the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of various diseases. A special naphthoquinone derivative is menadione, a synthetic naphthoquinone belonging to the vitamin K group. This compound can be synthesized by different methods and it has a broad range of biological and synthetic applications, which will be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Acácio S de Souza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Ruan Carlos B Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
| | - Dora C S Costa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernanda P Pauli
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - David R Pinho
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Matheus G de Moraes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de C da Silva
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana da S M Forezi
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Química, Departamento de Química Orgânica, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, R. Dr. Mario Vianna, 523, Santa Rosa, CEP 24241-002, Niterói-RJ, Brazil
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9
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Deng ZS, Luo P, Pan WG. Crystal structure of 2-chloro-3-(isopentylamino)naphthalene-1,4-dione, C
15
H
16
ClNO
2
. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2021-0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C15H16ClNO2, triclinic, P
1
‾
$‾{1}$
(no. 2), a = 7.4339(12) Å, b = 8.2564(14) Å, c = 12.184(2) Å, α = 108.804(6)∘, β = 93.672(5)∘, γ = 94.373(6)∘, V = 702.8(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0650, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1974, T = 273 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Shuai Deng
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning 530001 , China
| | - Peng Luo
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning 530001 , China
| | - Wei-Gao Pan
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine , Nanning 530001 , China
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10
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Abstract
Danio rerio (zebrafish) are a powerful experimental model for genetic and developmental studies. Adaptation of zebrafish to study seizures was initially established using the common convulsant agent pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Larval PTZ-exposed zebrafish exhibit clear behavioral convulsions and abnormal electrographic activity, reminiscent of interictal and ictal epileptiform discharge. By using this model, our laboratory developed simple locomotion-based and electrophysiological assays to monitor and quantify seizures in larval zebrafish. Zebrafish also offer multiple advantages for rapid genetic manipulation and high-throughput phenotype-based drug screening. Combining these seizure assays with genetically modified zebrafish that represent Dravet syndrome, a rare genetic epilepsy, ultimately contributed to a phenotype-based screen of over 3500 drugs. Several drugs identified in these zebrafish screens are currently in clinical or compassionate-use trials. The emergence of this 'aquarium-to-bedside' approach suggests that broader efforts to adapt and improve upon this zebrafish-centric strategy can drive a variety of exciting new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Baraban
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco,CA 94143-0350, USA
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11
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Zhang L, Zhang G, Xu S, Song Y. Recent advances of quinones as a privileged structure in drug discovery. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113632. [PMID: 34153576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Privileged structures are conductive to discover novel bioactive substances because they can bind to multiple targets with high affinity. Quinones are considered to be a privileged structure and useful template for the design of new compounds with potential pharmacological activity. This article presents the recent developments (2014-2021 update) of quinones in the fields of antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) and antimalarial, mainly focusing on biological activities, structural modification and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, 250001, 148 Jingyi Road, Jinan, PR China
| | - Guiying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Rizhao People's Hospital, 276800, 126 Tai'an Road, Rizhao, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, PR China
| | - Yuning Song
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012, Jinan, PR China.
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