1
|
Iyer GR, Darpo B, Xue H, Lecot J, Zack J, Bebrevska L, Weis W, Jones I, Drollmann A. Concentration-QTcF Modeling of Icenticaftor from a Randomized, Placebo- and Positive-Controlled Thorough QT Study in Healthy Participants. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2024; 13:572-584. [PMID: 38284433 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Icenticaftor (QBW251) is a potentiator of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor. Based on its mechanism of action, icenticaftor is expected to provide benefits in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by restoring mucociliary clearance, which would eventually lead to a reduction of bacterial colonization and related inflammatory cascade. A placebo- and positive-controlled, 4-way crossover thorough QT study was conducted in 46 healthy participants with the objective to assess the effect of therapeutic (300 mg twice daily for 6 days) and supratherapeutic (750 mg twice daily for 6 days) oral doses of icenticaftor on electrocardiogram parameters, including concentration-corrected QT (QTc) analysis. Moxifloxacin (400 mg, oral) was used as a positive control. In the concentration-QTc analysis performed on pooled data from Day 1 and Day 6 (steady state), the estimated population slope was shallow and slightly negative: -0.0012 ms/ng/mL. The effect on the Fridericia corrected QT (QTcF) interval (∆ΔQTcF) was predicted to be -1.3 milliseconds at the icenticaftor 300-mg twice-daily peak concentration (geometric mean was 1094 ng/mL) and -5.5 milliseconds at the 750-mg twice-daily peak concentration (geometric mean Cmax was 4529 ng/mL) indicated a mild shortening effect of icenticaftor on QTcF interval length. The results of the by-time-point analysis indicated least squares placebo corrected mean ∆∆QTcF across time points ranged from -7.9 to 0.1 milliseconds at 1 and 24 hours after dosing both on Day 6 in the 750-mg dose group compared with -3.7 to 1.6 milliseconds at 1.5 and 24 hours after dosing on Day 1 in the 300-mg dose group. Assay sensitivity was demonstrated with moxifloxacin. The large accumulation of exposures, especially the 4.3-fold increase in peak plasma concentration observed at the icenticaftor 750-mg twice-daily dosage compared with Icenticaftor 300 mg twice daily (2.3-fold) on Day 6 provided a large concentration range (up to 9540 ng/mL) to evaluate the effect of icenticaftor on ΔΔQTcF. Based on the concentration-QTc analysis, an effect on ΔΔQTcF exceeding 10 milliseconds can be excluded within the full observed ranges of plasma concentrations on icenticaftor, up to approximately 9540 ng/mL. Icenticaftor at the studied doses demonstrated a mild shortening in QTcF, which is unlikely to be of clinical relevance in a therapeutic setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Iyer
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Jean Lecot
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Zack
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | | | - Wendy Weis
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA
| | - Ieuan Jones
- Biomedical Research, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tanjala AC, Jiang JX, Eckford PDW, Ramjeesingh M, Li C, Huan LJ, Langeveld G, Townsend C, Paone DV, Busch-Petersen J, Pekhletski R, Tang L, Raju V, Rowe SM, Bear CE. Comparison of a novel potentiator of CFTR channel activity to ivacaftor in ameliorating mucostasis caused by cigarette smoke in primary human bronchial airway epithelial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.01.582742. [PMID: 38496440 PMCID: PMC10942391 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.01.582742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Background Cystic Fibrosis causing mutations in the gene CFTR , reduce the activity of the CFTR channel protein, and leads to mucus aggregation, airway obstruction and poor lung function. A role for CFTR in the pathogenesis of other muco-obstructive airway diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) has been well established. The CFTR modulatory compound, Ivacaftor (VX-770), potentiates channel activity of CFTR and certain CF-causing mutations and has been shown to ameliorate mucus obstruction and improve lung function in people harbouring these CF-causing mutations. A pilot trial of Ivacaftor supported its potential efficacy for the treatment of mucus obstruction in COPD. These findings prompted the search for CFTR potentiators that are more effective in ameliorating cigarette-smoke (CS) induced mucostasis. Methods A novel small molecule potentiator (SK-POT1), previously identified in CFTR binding studies, was tested for its activity in augmenting CFTR channel activity using patch clamp electrophysiology in HEK-293 cells, a fluorescence-based assay of membrane potential in Calu-3 cells and in Ussing chamber studies of primary bronchial epithelial cultures. Addition of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) to the solutions bathing the apical surface of Calu-3 cells and primary bronchial airway cultures was used to model COPD. Confocal studies of the velocity of fluorescent microsphere movement on the apical surface of CSE exposed airway epithelial cultures, were used to assess the effect of potentiators on CFTR-mediated mucociliary movement. Results We showed that SK-POT1, like VX-770, was effective in augmenting the cyclic AMP-dependent channel activity of CFTR. SK-POT-1 enhanced CFTR channel activity in airway epithelial cells previously exposed to CSE and ameliorated mucostasis on the surface of primary airway cultures. Conclusion Together, this evidence supports the further development of SK-POT1 as an intervention in the treatment of COPD.
Collapse
|
3
|
Cao L, Wu Y, Gong Y, Zhou Q. Small molecule modulators of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR): Structure, classification, and mechanisms. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116120. [PMID: 38194776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The advent of small molecule modulators targeting the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has revolutionized the treatment of persons with cystic fibrosis (CF) (pwCF). Presently, these small molecule CFTR modulators have gained approval for usage in approximately 90 % of adult pwCF. Ongoing drug development endeavors are focused on optimizing the therapeutic benefits while mitigating potential adverse effects associated with this treatment approach. Based on their mode of interaction with CFTR, these drugs can be classified into two distinct categories: specific CFTR modulators and non-specific CFTR modulators. Specific CFTR modulators encompass potentiators and correctors, whereas non-specific CFTR modulators encompass activators, proteostasis modulators, stabilizers, reader-through agents, and amplifiers. Currently, four small molecule modulators, all classified as potentiators and correctors, have obtained marketing approval. Furthermore, numerous novel small molecule modulators, exhibiting diverse mechanisms of action, are currently undergoing development. This review aims to explore the classification, mechanisms of action, molecular structures, developmental processes, and interrelationships among small molecule CFTR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luyang Cao
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Huakang Road 136, Biotech and Pharmaceutical Valley, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 211800, PR China
| | - Yanchun Gong
- Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co., Ltd., Huakang Road 136, Biotech and Pharmaceutical Valley, Jiangbei New Area, Nanjing, 211800, PR China.
| | - Qingfa Zhou
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Acharya A, Yadav M, Nagpure M, Kumaresan S, Guchhait SK. Molecular medicinal insights into scaffold hopping-based drug discovery success. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103845. [PMID: 38013043 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
In both academia and the pharmaceutical industry, innovative hypotheses, methodologies and technologies that can shorten the drug research and development, leading to higher success rates, are vital. In this review, we demonstrate how innovative variations of the scaffold-hopping strategy have been used to create new druggable molecular spaces, drugs, clinical candidates, preclinical candidates, and bioactive agents. We also analyze molecular modulations that enabled improvements of the pharmacodynamic (PD), physiochemical, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties (P3 properties) of the drugs resulting from these scaffold-hopping strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Acharya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mukul Yadav
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sanathanalaxmi Kumaresan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Sankar K Guchhait
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Punjab 160062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bolger GB. Therapeutic Targets and Precision Medicine in COPD: Inflammation, Ion Channels, Both, or Neither? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17363. [PMID: 38139192 PMCID: PMC10744217 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of a wider range of therapeutic options is a key objective in drug discovery for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fundamental advances in lung biology have the potential to greatly expand the number of therapeutic targets in COPD. The recently reported successful Phase 3 clinical trial of the first biologic agent for COPD, the monoclonal antibody dupilumab, adds additional support to the importance of targeting inflammatory pathways in COPD. However, numerous other cellular mechanisms are important targets in COPD therapeutics, including airway remodeling, the CFTR ion channel, and mucociliary function. Some of these emerging targets can be exploited by the expanded use of existing COPD drugs, such as roflumilast, while targeting others will require the development of novel molecular entities. The identification of additional therapeutic targets and agents has the potential to greatly expand the value of using clinical and biomarker data to classify COPD into specific subsets, each of which can be predictive of an enhanced response to specific subset(s) of targeted therapies. The author reviews established and emerging drug targets in COPD and uses this as a framework to define a novel classification of COPD based on therapeutic targets. This novel classification has the potential to enhance precision medicine in COPD patient care and to accelerate clinical trials and pre-clinical drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Graeme B Bolger
- BZI Pharma LLC, 1500 1st Ave N., Unit 36, Birmingham, AL 35203-1872, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Oliver KE, Carlon MS, Pedemonte N, Lopes-Pacheco M. The revolution of personalized pharmacotherapies for cystic fibrosis: what does the future hold? Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1545-1565. [PMID: 37379072 PMCID: PMC10528905 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2230129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis (CF), a potentially fatal genetic disease, is caused by loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding for the CFTR chloride/bicarbonate channel. Modulator drugs rescuing mutant CFTR traffic and function are now in the clinic, providing unprecedented breakthrough therapies for people with CF (PwCF) carrying specific genotypes. However, several CFTR variants are unresponsive to these therapies. AREA COVERED We discussed several therapeutic approaches that are under development to tackle the fundamental cause of CF, including strategies targeting defective CFTR mRNA and/or protein expression and function. Alternatively, defective chloride secretion and dehydration in CF epithelia could be restored by exploiting pharmacological modulation of alternative targets, i.e., ion channels/transporters that concur with CFTR to maintain the airway surface liquid homeostasis (e.g., ENaC, TMEM16A, SLC26A4, SLC26A9, and ATP12A). Finally, we assessed progress and challenges in the development of gene-based therapies to replace or correct the mutant CFTR gene. EXPERT OPINION CFTR modulators are benefiting many PwCF responsive to these drugs, yielding substantial improvements in various clinical outcomes. Meanwhile, the CF therapy development pipeline continues to expand with the development of novel CFTR modulators and alternative therapeutic strategies with the ultimate goal of providing effective therapies for all PwCF in the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E. Oliver
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Marianne S. Carlon
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rennard SI. Icenticaftor, Novel Therapy for COPD: This Glass Is Half Full. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 208:346-348. [PMID: 37437299 PMCID: PMC10449066 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202307-1175ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Internal Medicine University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dang-Nguyen A, Legaspi KC, McCarty CT, Smith DK, Gustafson J. A Light-Promoted Innate Trifluoromethylation of Pyridones and Related N-Heteroarenes. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 37377204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
We report a practical, light-mediated perfluoroalkylation using Langlois' reagent (sodium trifluoromethylsulfinate) that proceeds in the absence of any photocatalyst or additives. This method has allowed for the facile functionalization of pyridones and related N-heteroarenes such as azaindole. This protocol is operationally simple, uses readily available materials, and is tolerable for electron-neutral and -rich functional pyridones. Cyclic voltammetry was utilized as a mechanistic probe, and preliminary data suggest the reaction may involve an electrophilic radical mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dang-Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Kristine C Legaspi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Connor T McCarty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Diane K Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| | - Jeffrey Gustafson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182-1030, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
An analysis of 156 published clinical candidates from the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry between 2018 and 2021 was conducted to identify lead generation strategies most frequently employed leading to drug candidates. As in a previous publication, the most frequent lead generation strategies resulting in clinical candidates were from known compounds (59%) followed by random screening approaches (21%). The remainder of the approaches included directed screening, fragment screening, DNA-encoded library screening (DEL), and virtual screening. An analysis of similarity was also conducted based on Tanimoto-MCS and revealed most clinical candidates were distant from their original hits; however, most shared a key pharmacophore that translated from hit-to-clinical candidate. An examination of frequency of oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, chlorine, and sulfur incorporation in clinical candidates was also conducted. The three most similar and least similar hit-to-clinical pairs from random screening were examined to provide perspective on changes that occur that lead to successful clinical candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Brown
- Jnana Therapeutics, One Design Center Pl Suite 19-400, Boston, Massachusetts 02210, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang XX, Chen ZM, He ZF, Guan WJ. Advances in pharmacotherapy for bronchiectasis in adults. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2023; 24:1075-1089. [PMID: 37161410 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2023.2210763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bronchiectasis has become a growing concern of chronic airway disease because of the enormous socioeconomic burden. Four cardinal interdependent components - impaired airway defense, recurrent airway infections, inflammatory response, and airway damage, in conjunction with the underlying etiology, have collectively played a role in modulating the vicious vortex of the pathogenesis and progression of bronchiectasis. Current pharmacotherapy aims to target at these aspects to break the vicious vortex. AREAS COVERED The authors retrieve and review, in MEDLINE, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov registry, the studies about pharmacotherapy for bronchiectasis from these aspects: antibiotics, mucoactive medications, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory drug, and etiological treatment. EXPERT OPINION Future drug development and clinical trials of bronchiectasis need to pay more attention to the different phenotypes or endotypes of bronchiectasis. There is a need for the development of novel inhaled antibiotics that could reduce bacterial loads, improve quality-of-life, and decrease exacerbation risks. More efforts are needed to explore the next-generation neutrophil-targeted therapeutic drugs that are expected to ameliorate respiratory symptom burden, reduce exacerbation risks, and hinder airway destruction in bronchiectasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xian Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Ming Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Feng He
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Respiratory Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ruan J, Liang D, Yan W, Zhong Y, Talley DC, Rai G, Tao D, LeClair CA, Simeonov A, Zhang Y, Chen F, Quinney NL, Boyles SE, Cholon DM, Gentzsch M, Henderson MJ, Xue F, Fang S. A small-molecule inhibitor and degrader of the RNF5 ubiquitin ligase. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar120. [PMID: 36074076 PMCID: PMC9634977 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-06-0233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNF5 E3 ubiquitin ligase has multiple biological roles and has been linked to the development of severe diseases such as cystic fibrosis, acute myeloid leukemia, and certain viral infections, emphasizing the importance of discovering small-molecule RNF5 modulators for research and drug development. The present study describes the synthesis of a new benzo[b]thiophene derivative, FX12, that acts as a selective small-molecule inhibitor and degrader of RNF5. We initially identified the previously reported STAT3 inhibitor, Stattic, as an inhibitor of dislocation of misfolded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen to the cytosol in ER-associated degradation. A concise structure-activity relationship campaign (SAR) around the Stattic chemotype led to the synthesis of FX12, which has diminished activity in inhibition of STAT3 activation and retains dislocation inhibitory activity. FX12 binds to RNF5 and inhibits its E3 activity in vitro as well as promoting proteasomal degradation of RNF5 in cells. RNF5 as a molecular target for FX12 was supported by the facts that FX12 requires RNF5 to inhibit dislocation and negatively regulates RNF5 function. Thus, this study developed a small-molecule inhibitor and degrader of the RNF5 ubiquitin ligase, providing a chemical biology tool for RNF5 research and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ruan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,First Affiliated Hospital and
| | - Dongdong Liang
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Wenjing Yan
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Yongwang Zhong
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Daniel C. Talley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Ganesha Rai
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Christopher A. LeClair
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yinghua Zhang
- Center for Innovative Biomedical Resources, Biosensor Core, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201
| | - Feihu Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | | | | | | | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, and,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850,*Address corespondence to: Shengyun Fang (lead contact) (); Mark J. Henderson (); Fengtian Xue ()
| | - Fengtian Xue
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD 21201,*Address corespondence to: Shengyun Fang (lead contact) (); Mark J. Henderson (); Fengtian Xue ()
| | - Shengyun Fang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201,*Address corespondence to: Shengyun Fang (lead contact) (); Mark J. Henderson (); Fengtian Xue ()
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yamada T, Hashimoto Y, Tanaka K, Morita N, Tamura O. Cationic palladium(ii)-catalyzed synthesis of substituted pyridines from α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers. RSC Adv 2022; 12:21548-21557. [PMID: 36043185 PMCID: PMC9351437 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra03875g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of multi-substituted pyridines from β-aryl-substituted α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers and alkenes via Pd-catalyzed C–H activation has been developed. The method, using Pd(OAc)2 and a sterically hindered pyridine ligand, provides access to various multi-substituted pyridines with complete regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies suggest that the pyridine products are formed by Pd-catalyzed electrophilic C–H alkenylation of α,β-unsaturated oxime followed by aza-6π-electrocyclization. The utility of this method is showcased by the synthesis of 4-aryl-substituted pyridine derivatives, which are difficult to synthesize efficiently using previously reported Rh-catalyzed strategies with alkenes. An efficient method for the synthesis of multi-substituted pyridines from α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers via cationic Pd(ii)-catalyzed C–H activation has been developed.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Yamada
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | | | - Kosaku Tanaka
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| | | | - Osamu Tamura
- Showa Pharmaceutical University Machida Tokyo 194-8543 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), the most common genetic disease among the Caucasian population, is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a chloride epithelial channel whose dysfunction results in severe airway obstruction and inflammation, eventually leading to respiratory failure. The discovery of the CFTR gene in 1989 provided new insights into the basic genetic defect of CF and allowed the study of potential therapies targeting the aberrant protein. In recent years, the approval of “CFTR modulators”, the first molecules designed to selectively target the underlying molecular defects caused by specific CF-causing mutations, marked the beginning of a new era in CF treatment. These drugs have been demonstrated to significantly improve lung function and ameliorate the quality of life of many patients, especially those bearing the most common CFTR mutatant F508del. However, a substantial portion of CF subjects, accounting for ~20% of the European CF population, carry rare CFTR mutations and are still not eligible for CFTR modulator therapy, partly due to our limited understanding of the molecular defects associated with these genetic alterations. Thus, the implementation of models to study the phenotype of these rare CFTR mutations and their response to currently approved drugs, as well as to compounds under research and clinical development, is of key importance. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the potential of CFTR modulators in rescuing the function of rare CF-causing CFTR variants, focusing on both investigational and clinically approved molecules.
Collapse
|
14
|
Infield DT, Strickland KM, Gaggar A, McCarty NA. The molecular evolution of function in the CFTR chloride channel. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212705. [PMID: 34647973 PMCID: PMC8640958 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily includes many proteins of clinical relevance, with genes expressed in all domains of life. Although most members use the energy of ATP binding and hydrolysis to accomplish the active import or export of various substrates across membranes, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is the only known animal ABC transporter that functions primarily as an ion channel. Defects in CFTR, which is closely related to ABCC subfamily members that bear function as bona fide transporters, underlie the lethal genetic disease cystic fibrosis. This article seeks to integrate structural, functional, and genomic data to begin to answer the critical question of how the function of CFTR evolved to exhibit regulated channel activity. We highlight several examples wherein preexisting features in ABCC transporters were functionally leveraged as is, or altered by molecular evolution, to ultimately support channel function. This includes features that may underlie (1) construction of an anionic channel pore from an anionic substrate transport pathway, (2) establishment and tuning of phosphoregulation, and (3) optimization of channel function by specialized ligand–channel interactions. We also discuss how divergence and conservation may help elucidate the pharmacology of important CFTR modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel T Infield
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | | | - Amit Gaggar
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Program in Protease and Matrix Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nael A McCarty
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.,Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Cystic Fibrosis and Airways Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Chloride transport across cell membranes is broadly involved in epithelial fluid transport, cell volume and pH regulation, muscle contraction, membrane excitability, and organellar acidification. The human genome encodes at least 53 chloride-transporting proteins with expression in cell plasma or intracellular membranes, which include chloride channels, exchangers, and cotransporters, some having broad anion specificity. Loss-of-function mutations in chloride transporters cause a wide variety of human diseases, including cystic fibrosis, secretory diarrhea, kidney stones, salt-wasting nephropathy, myotonia, osteopetrosis, hearing loss, and goiter. Although impactful advances have been made in the past decade in drug treatment of cystic fibrosis using small molecule modulators of the defective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel, other chloride channels and solute carrier proteins (SLCs) represent relatively underexplored target classes for drug discovery. New opportunities have emerged for the development of chloride transport modulators as potential therapeutics for secretory diarrheas, constipation, dry eye disorders, kidney stones, polycystic kidney disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis. Approaches to chloride transport-targeted drug discovery are reviewed herein, with focus on chloride channel and exchanger classes in which recent preclinical advances have been made in the identification of small molecule modulators and in proof of concept testing in experimental animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Verkman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California.,Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Luis J V Galietta
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Carrasco-Hernández L, Quintana-Gallego E, Calero C, Reinoso-Arija R, Ruiz-Duque B, López-Campos JL. Dysfunction in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a Potential Target for Personalised Medicine. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1437. [PMID: 34680554 PMCID: PMC8533244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous pathways were explored in the pathogenesis of COPD in the quest for new potential therapeutic targets for more personalised medical care. In this context, the study of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) began to gain importance, especially since the advent of the new CFTR modulators which had the potential to correct this protein's dysfunction in COPD. The CFTR is an ion transporter that regulates the hydration and viscosity of mucous secretions in the airway. Therefore, its abnormal function favours the accumulation of thicker and more viscous secretions, reduces the periciliary layer and mucociliary clearance, and produces inflammation in the airway, as a consequence of a bronchial infection by both bacteria and viruses. Identifying CFTR dysfunction in the context of COPD pathogenesis is key to fully understanding its role in the complex pathophysiology of COPD and the potential of the different therapeutic approaches proposed to overcome this dysfunction. In particular, the potential of the rehydration of mucus and the role of antioxidants and phosphodiesterase inhibitors should be discussed. Additionally, the modulatory drugs which enhance or restore decreased levels of the protein CFTR were recently described. In particular, two CFTR potentiators, ivacaftor and icenticaftor, were explored in COPD. The present review updated the pathophysiology of the complex role of CFTR in COPD and the therapeutic options which could be explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrasco-Hernández
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Quintana-Gallego
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Calero
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Reinoso-Arija
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - Borja Ruiz-Duque
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
| | - José Luis López-Campos
- Unidad Médico-Quirúrgica de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain; (L.C.-H.); (E.Q.-G.); (C.C.); (R.R.-A.); (B.R.-D.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ye ZP, Gao J, Duan XY, Guan JP, Liu F, Chen K, Xiao JA, Xiang HY, Yang H. Electrochemical heterodifunctionalization of α-CF 3 alkenes to access α-trifluoromethyl-β-sulfonyl tertiary alcohols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8969-8972. [PMID: 34486594 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc03288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
An unprecedented electrochemical heterodifunctionalization of α-CF3 alkenes with benzenesulfonyl hydrazides was accomplished in this work, wherein a β-sulfonyl and a α-hydroxyl group were simultaneously incorporated across the olefinic double bond in a single operation. Consequently, a series of potentially medicinally valuable and densely functionalized α-trifluoromethyl-β-sulfonyl tertiary alcohols were assembled under mild conditions. Electrochemically-driven oxidative 1,2-difunctionlization of electron-deficient alkenes well obviates the need for oxidizing reagents, thus rendering this protocol more eco-friendly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Ye
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Xin-Yu Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Jian-Ping Guan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| | - Jun-An Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, Guangxi, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yue Xiang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Hua Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|