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Tamas C, Tamas F, Kovecsi A, Cehan A, Balasa A. Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5482. [PMID: 38791520 PMCID: PMC11122426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of glucose and lipids plays a crucial role in the normal homeostasis of the body. Although glucose is the main energy substrate, in its absence, lipid metabolism becomes the primary source of energy. The main means of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix through β-oxidation. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor (45.6%), with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000. The metabolic changes found in GBM cells and in the surrounding microenvironment are associated with proliferation, migration, and resistance to treatment. Tumor cells show a remodeling of metabolism with the use of glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known as the Warburg effect. Specialized fatty acids (FAs) transporters such as FAT, FABP, or FATP from the tumor microenvironment are overexpressed in GBM and contribute to the absorption and storage of an increased amount of lipids that will provide sufficient energy used for tumor growth and invasion. This review provides an overview of the key enzymes, transporters, and main regulatory pathways of FAs and ketone bodies (KBs) in normal versus GBM cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Kovecsi
- Department of Morphopathology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Morphopathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Cehan
- Department of Plastic, Esthetics and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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2
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Coffey NJ, Simon MC. Metabolic alterations in hereditary and sporadic renal cell carcinoma. Nat Rev Nephrol 2024; 20:233-250. [PMID: 38253811 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00800-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer in the world, and its incidence is on the rise. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common form and is a heterogeneous disease comprising three major subtypes that vary in their histology, clinical course and driver mutations. These subtypes include clear cell RCC, papillary RCC and chromophobe RCC. Molecular analyses of hereditary and sporadic forms of RCC have revealed that this complex and deadly disease is characterized by metabolic pathway alterations in cancer cells that lead to deregulated oxygen and nutrient sensing, as well as impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. These metabolic changes facilitate tumour growth and survival. Specifically, studies of the metabolic features of RCC have led to the discovery of oncometabolites - fumarate and succinate - that can promote tumorigenesis, moonlighting functions of enzymes, and substrate auxotrophy owing to the disruption of pathways that enable the production of arginine and cholesterol. These metabolic alterations within RCC can be exploited to identify new therapeutic targets and interventions, in combination with novel approaches that minimize the systemic toxicity of metabolic inhibitors and reduce the risk of drug resistance owing to metabolic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Coffey
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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3
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Liao S, Wu G, Xie Z, Lei X, Yang X, Huang S, Deng X, Wang Z, Tang G. pH regulators and their inhibitors in tumor microenvironment. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116170. [PMID: 38308950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
As an important characteristic of tumor, acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) is closely related to immune escape, invasion, migration and drug resistance of tumor. The acidity of the TME mainly comes from the acidic products produced by the high level of tumor metabolism, such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide. pH regulators such as monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX), and Na+/H+ exchange 1 (NHE1) expel protons directly or indirectly from the tumor to maintain the pH balance of tumor cells and create an acidic TME. We review the functions of several pH regulators involved in the construction of acidic TME, the structure and structure-activity relationship of pH regulator inhibitors, and provide strategies for the development of small-molecule antitumor inhibitors based on these targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senyi Liao
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Guang Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Zhizhong Xie
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Jiuzhitang Co., Ltd, Changsha, Hunan, 410007, China
| | - Xiangping Deng
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Guotao Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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4
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Alhendi A, Naser SA. The dual role of interleukin-6 in Crohn's disease pathophysiology. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1295230. [PMID: 38106420 PMCID: PMC10722226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key mediator cytokine of the immune response as well as a regulator of many physiological and pathological processes. In Crohn's disease (CD), cytokine imbalance rules the intestinal microenvironment and leads to chronic inflammation of the gut. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are generally upregulated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including TNFα and IL-6. Consequently, drugs that target these cytokines have been long sought and approved. Despite the short-term success in treating CD patients with anti-TNFα, many patients stopped responding to treatment, which made IL-6 an alternative target to alleviate inflammation in these patients. IL-6 has long been approached as part of the therapeutic strategies to treat CD and other inflammatory disorders. Clinical trials of CD patients have targeted IL-6 signaling in different mechanisms: blocking IL-6, neutralizing IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), or trapping the soluble IL-6/IL-6R complex. These trials have faced challenges and side effects in patients with gastrointestinal perforations and ulcers, for example, all of which highlight the dual role of IL-6 during intestinal inflammation and the need for this cytokine for intestinal tissue integrity. IL-6 is involved in a complex of upstream regulators and downstream signaling cascades and maintaining a physiological level of IL-6 in the blood and in the intestine is key for achieving health and homeostasis. In this review, we describe IL-6 biology and signaling and its involvement in intestinal health and inflammation. We also discuss the current strategies for targeting IL-6 pathways in CD patients, as well as molecular regulators representing potential therapeutic targets for IL-6 attenuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala' Alhendi
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Saleh A Naser
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
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Aizaz M, Khan A, Khan F, Khan M, Musad Saleh EA, Nisar M, Baran N. The cross-talk between macrophages and tumor cells as a target for cancer treatment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1259034. [PMID: 38033495 PMCID: PMC10682792 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1259034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages represent an important component of the innate immune system. Under physiological conditions, macrophages, which are essential phagocytes, maintain a proinflammatory response and repair damaged tissue. However, these processes are often impaired upon tumorigenesis, in which tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) protect and support the growth, proliferation, and invasion of tumor cells and promote suppression of antitumor immunity. TAM abundance is closely associated with poor outcome of cancer, with impediment of chemotherapy effectiveness and ultimately a dismal therapy response and inferior overall survival. Thus, cross-talk between cancer cells and TAMs is an important target for immune checkpoint therapies and metabolic interventions, spurring interest in it as a therapeutic vulnerability for both hematological cancers and solid tumors. Furthermore, targeting of this cross-talk has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment with the antibody against CD47 protein, a critical macrophage checkpoint recognized as the "don't eat me" signal, as well as other metabolism-focused strategies. Therapies targeting CD47 constitute an important milestone in the advancement of anticancer research and have had promising effects on not only phagocytosis activation but also innate and adaptive immune system activation, effectively counteracting tumor cells' evasion of therapy as shown in the context of myeloid cancers. Targeting of CD47 signaling is only one of several possibilities to reverse the immunosuppressive and tumor-protective tumor environment with the aim of enhancing the antitumor response. Several preclinical studies identified signaling pathways that regulate the recruitment, polarization, or metabolism of TAMs. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of macrophages in cancer progression and the mechanisms by which they communicate with tumor cells. Additionally, we dissect various therapeutic strategies developed to target macrophage-tumor cell cross-talk, including modulation of macrophage polarization, blockade of signaling pathways, and disruption of physical interactions between leukemia cells and macrophages. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with tumor hypoxia and acidosis as barriers to effective cancer therapy and discuss opportunities for future research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aizaz
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Aakif Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Khan
- Center of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ebraheem Abdu Musad Saleh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts & Science, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryum Nisar
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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6
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Babl N, Decking SM, Voll F, Althammer M, Sala-Hojman A, Ferretti R, Korf C, Schmidl C, Schmidleithner L, Nerb B, Matos C, Koehl GE, Siska P, Bruss C, Kellermeier F, Dettmer K, Oefner PJ, Wichland M, Ugele I, Bohr C, Herr W, Ramaswamy S, Heinrich T, Herhaus C, Kreutz M, Renner K. MCT4 blockade increases the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e007349. [PMID: 37880183 PMCID: PMC10603342 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intratumoral lactate accumulation and acidosis impair T-cell function and antitumor immunity. Interestingly, expression of the lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 4, but not MCT1, turned out to be prognostic for the survival of patients with rectal cancer, indicating that single MCT4 blockade might be a promising strategy to overcome glycolysis-related therapy resistance. METHODS To determine whether blockade of MCT4 alone is sufficient to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, we examined the effects of the selective MCT1 inhibitor AZD3965 and a novel MCT4 inhibitor in a colorectal carcinoma (CRC) tumor spheroid model co-cultured with blood leukocytes in vitro and the MC38 murine CRC model in vivo in combination with an antibody against programmed cell death ligand-1(PD-L1). RESULTS Inhibition of MCT4 was sufficient to reduce lactate efflux in three-dimensional (3D) CRC spheroids but not in two-dimensional cell-cultures. Co-administration of the MCT4 inhibitor and ICB augmented immune cell infiltration, T-cell function and decreased CRC spheroid viability in a 3D co-culture model of human CRC spheroids with blood leukocytes. Accordingly, combination of MCT4 and ICB increased intratumoral pH, improved leukocyte infiltration and T-cell activation, delayed tumor growth, and prolonged survival in vivo. MCT1 inhibition exerted no further beneficial impact. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that single MCT4 inhibition represents a novel therapeutic approach to reverse lactic-acid driven immunosuppression and might be suitable to improve ICB efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Babl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sonja-Maria Decking
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Voll
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Althammer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Roberta Ferretti
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA
| | - Clarissa Korf
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Benedikt Nerb
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carina Matos
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gudrun E Koehl
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Siska
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christina Bruss
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Kellermeier
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Dettmer
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter J Oefner
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Wichland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ines Ugele
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Bohr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Shivapriya Ramaswamy
- EMD Serono Research and Development Institute, Inc, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA, an affiliate of Merck KGaA
| | | | | | - Marina Kreutz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Renner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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7
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Dvorak V, Casiraghi A, Colas C, Koren A, Tomek T, Offensperger F, Rukavina A, Tin G, Hahn E, Dobner S, Frommelt F, Boeszoermenyi A, Bernada V, Hannich JT, Ecker GF, Winter GE, Kubicek S, Superti-Furga G. Paralog-dependent isogenic cell assay cascade generates highly selective SLC16A3 inhibitors. Cell Chem Biol 2023; 30:953-964.e9. [PMID: 37516113 PMCID: PMC10437005 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite being considered druggable and attractive therapeutic targets, most of the solute carrier (SLC) membrane transporters remain pharmacologically underexploited. One of the reasons for this is a lack of reliable chemical screening assays, made difficult by functional redundancies among SLCs. In this study we leveraged synthetic lethality between the lactate transporters SLC16A1 and SLC16A3 in a screening strategy that we call paralog-dependent isogenic cell assay (PARADISO). The system involves five isogenic cell lines, each dependent on various paralog genes for survival/fitness, arranged in a screening cascade tuned for the identification of SLC16A3 inhibitors. We screened a diversity-oriented library of ∼90,000 compounds and further developed our hits into slCeMM1, a paralog-selective and potent SLC16A3 inhibitor. By implementing chemoproteomics, we showed that slCeMM1 is selective also at the proteome-wide level, thus fulfilling an important criterion for chemical probes. This study represents a framework for the development of specific cell-based drug discovery assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Dvorak
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Casiraghi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Claire Colas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Koren
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Tomek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Offensperger
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Rukavina
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gary Tin
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisa Hahn
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Dobner
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fabian Frommelt
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras Boeszoermenyi
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Viktoriia Bernada
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Thomas Hannich
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg E Winter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kubicek
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giulio Superti-Furga
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Li Y, Feng M, Guo T, Wang Z, Zhao Y. Tailored Beta-Lapachone Nanomedicines for Cancer-Specific Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300349. [PMID: 36970948 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology shows the power to improve efficacy and reduce the adverse effects of anticancer agents. As a quinone-containing compound, beta-lapachone (LAP) is widely employed for targeted anticancer therapy under hypoxia. The principal mechanism of LAP-mediated cytotoxicity is believed due to the continuous generation of reactive oxygen species with the aid of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). The cancer selectivity of LAP relies on the difference between NQO1 expression in tumors and that in healthy organs. Despite this, the clinical translation of LAP faces the problem of narrow therapeutic window that is challenging for dose regimen design. Herein, the multifaceted anticancer mechanism of LAP is briefly introduced, the advance of nanocarriers for LAP delivery is reviewed, and the combinational delivery approaches to enhance LAP potency in recent years are summarized. The mechanisms by which nanosystems boost LAP efficacy, including tumor targeting, cellular uptake enhancement, controlled cargo release, enhanced Fenton or Fenton-like reaction, and multidrug synergism, are also presented. The problems of LAP anticancer nanomedicines and the prospective solutions are discussed. The current review may help to unlock the potential of cancer-specific LAP therapy and speed up its clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Meiyu Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High Efficiency, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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9
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Benjamin D. An acid test for metformin †. J Pathol 2023. [PMID: 37325933 DOI: 10.1002/path.6142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lactic acid export from highly glycolytic cancer cells is critical to maintain cellular homeostasis. The identification of syrosingopine as an inhibitor of the lactate transporters monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 1 and the tumor-induced isoform MCT4 suggests a potential therapeutic intervention. In a recent issue of this journal, Van der Vreken, Oudaert I and colleagues showed that syrosingopine, together with another drug metformin, had a synergistic effect in killing cultured multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines, primary MM blasts from patients, and in a mouse MM model. The antidiabetic drug metformin is currently also being investigated for anticancer efficacy. The synthetic lethality of these two drugs, which have good safety records and are approved for noncancer indications, raises the possibility of their combination for clinical anticancer therapy. © 2023 The Author. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don Benjamin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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