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Chrabąszcz K, Błauż A, Gruchała M, Wachulec M, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Synthesis and Biological Activity of Ferrocenyl and Ruthenocenyl Analogues of Etoposide: Discovery of a Novel Dual Inhibitor of Topoisomerase II Activity and Tubulin Polymerization. Chemistry 2021; 27:6254-6262. [PMID: 33465263 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Two series of the ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl analogues of etoposide bearing 1,2,3-triazolyl or aminoalkyl linker were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic properties, influence on the cell cycle, ability to induce tubulin polymerization, and inhibition of topoisomerase II activity. We found that the replacement of the etoposide carbohydrate moiety with a metallocenyl group led to organometallic conjugates exhibiting differentiated antiproliferative activity. Biological studies demonstrated that two ferrocenylalkylamino conjugates were notably more active than etoposide, with submicromolar or low-micromolar IC50 values towards SW620, etoposide-resistant SW620E, and methotrexate-resistant SW620M cancer cell lines. Moreover, the simplest ferrocenylmethylamino conjugate exerted dual inhibitory action against tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase II activity while other studied compounds affected only topoisomerase II activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Chrabąszcz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91403, Łódź, Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Martyna Gruchała
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Marcin Wachulec
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, 90236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, ul. Tamka 12, 91403, Łódź, Poland
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Merinero AD, Collado A, Casarrubios L, Gómez-Gallego M, Ramírez de Arellano C, Caballero A, Zapata F, Sierra MA. Triazole-Containing [FeFe] Hydrogenase Mimics: Synthesis and Electrocatalytic Behavior. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:16267-16278. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alba D. Merinero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Collado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Casarrubios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Gómez-Gallego
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Ramírez de Arellano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad de Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Caballero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Fabiola Zapata
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Sierra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Química, and Center for Innovation in Advanced Chemistry (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Atwal M, Swan RL, Rowe C, Lee KC, Lee DC, Armstrong L, Cowell IG, Austin CA. Intercalating TOP2 Poisons Attenuate Topoisomerase Action at Higher Concentrations. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:475-484. [PMID: 31399497 PMCID: PMC6744389 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerase II (TOP2) poisons are effective cytotoxic anticancer agents that stabilize the normally transient TOP2-DNA covalent complexes formed during the enzyme reaction cycle. These drugs include etoposide, mitoxantrone, and the anthracyclines doxorubicin and epirubicin. Anthracyclines also exert cell-killing activity via TOP2-independent mechanisms, including DNA adduct formation, redox activity, and lipid peroxidation. Here, we show that anthracyclines and another intercalating TOP2 poison, mitoxantrone, stabilize TOP2-DNA covalent complexes less efficiently than etoposide, and at higher concentrations they suppress the formation of TOP2-DNA covalent complexes, thus behaving as TOP2 poisons at low concentration and inhibitors at high concentration. We used induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human cardiomyocytes as a model to study anthracycline-induced damage in cardiac cells. Using immunofluorescence, our study is the first to demonstrate the presence of topoisomerase IIβ (TOP2B) as the only TOP2 isoform in iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. In these cells, etoposide robustly induced TOP2B covalent complexes, but we could not detect doxorubicin-induced TOP2-DNA complexes, and doxorubicin suppressed etoposide-induced TOP2-DNA complexes. In vitro, etoposide-stabilized DNA cleavage was attenuated by doxorubicin, epirubicin, or mitoxantrone. Clinical use of anthracyclines is associated with cardiotoxicity. The observations in this study have potentially important clinical consequences regarding the effectiveness of anticancer treatment regimens when TOP2-targeting drugs are used in combination. These observations suggest that inhibition of TOP2B activity, rather than DNA damage resulting from TOP2 poisoning, may play a role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We show that anthracyclines and mitoxantrone act as topoisomerase II (TOP2) poisons at low concentration but attenuate TOP2 activity at higher concentration, both in cells and in in vitro cleavage experiments. Inhibition of type II topoisomerases suppresses the action of other drugs that poison TOP2. Thus, combinations containing anthracyclines or mitoxantrone and etoposide may reduce the activity of etoposide as a TOP2 poison and thus reduce the efficacy of drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Atwal
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Rebecca L Swan
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Chloe Rowe
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Ka C Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - David C Lee
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Ian G Cowell
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
| | - Caroline A Austin
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (M.A., R.L.S., C.R., K.C.L., I.G.C., C.A.A.) and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom (D.C.L., L.A.)
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Kuriappan JA, Osheroff N, De Vivo M. Smoothed Potential MD Simulations for Dissociation Kinetics of Etoposide To Unravel Isoform Specificity in Targeting Human Topoisomerase II. J Chem Inf Model 2019; 59:4007-4017. [PMID: 31449404 PMCID: PMC6800198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.9b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Human
type II topoisomerases (TopoII) are essential for controlling
DNA topology within the cell. For this reason, there are a number
of TopoII-targeted anticancer drugs that act by inducing DNA cleavage
mediated by both TopoII isoforms (TopoIIα and TopoIIβ)
in cells. However, recent studies suggest that specific poisoning
of TopoIIα may be a safer strategy for treating cancer. This
is because poisoning of TopoIIβ appears to be linked to the
generation of secondary leukemia in patients. We recently reported
that enzyme-mediated DNA cleavage complexes (in which TopoII is covalently
linked to the cleaved DNA during catalysis) formed in the presence
of the anticancer drug etoposide persisted approximately 3-fold longer
with TopoIIα than TopoIIβ. Notably, enhanced drug-target
residence time may reduce the adverse effects of specific TopoIIα
poisons. However, it is still not clear how to design drugs that are
specific for the α isoform. In this study, we report the results
of classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to comparatively
analyze the molecular interactions formed within the TopoII/DNA/etoposide
complex with both isoforms. We also used smoothed potential MD to
estimate etoposide dissociation kinetics from the two isoform complexes.
These extensive classical and enhanced sampling simulations revealed
stabilizing interactions of etoposide with two serine residues (Ser763
and Ser800) in TopoIIα. These interactions are missing in TopoIIβ,
where both amino acids are alanine residues. This may explain the
greater persistence of etoposide-stabilized cleavage complexes formed
with Topo TopoIIα. These findings could be useful for the rational
design of specific TopoIIα poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jissy A Kuriappan
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
| | - Neil Osheroff
- Department of Biochemistry , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-0146 , United States.,Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology) , Vanderbilt University School of Medicine , Nashville , Tennessee 37232-6307 , United States.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System , Nashville , Tennessee 37212 , United States
| | - Marco De Vivo
- Laboratory of Molecular Modeling and Drug Discovery , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Morego 30 , 16163 Genova , Italy
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5
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Hao SY, Feng SL, Wang XR, Wang Z, Chen SW, Hui L. Novel conjugates of podophyllotoxin and coumarin: Synthesis, cytotoxicities, cell cycle arrest, binding CT DNA and inhibition of Topo IIβ. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2129-2135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Nerella S, Kankala S, Gavaji B. Synthesis of podophyllotoxin-glycosyl triazoles via click protocol mediated by silver (I)- N-heterocyclic carbenes and their anticancer evaluation as topoisomerase-II inhibitors. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:9-16. [PMID: 31210060 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1610958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the regioselective synthesis of podophyllotoxin-Glycosyl triazole hybrids catalysed by Ag(I)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Ag(I)-NHC) in a short reaction time (∼30 min) at ambient conditions. In principle, it is the first report of Click alkyne-azide cycloaddition catalysed by Ag(I)-NHC catalyst and moreover, this new methodology yielded good results when compared with traditional CuAAC in terms of reaction time and selectivity. The synthesised compounds were further explored for in vitro anticancer activity against four human cancer cell lines Du145, HeLa, A-549, and MCF-7 and found that these synthesised compounds possess significant anticancer activity. Further, the compounds 5a and 5e were identified as promising leads due to their better activity across all cell lines than that of the standard drug etoposide. Molecular docking studies of 5a & 5e with DNA Topoisomerase-II were revealed that the free energy calculations of active compounds were in good agreement with observed IC50 values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Nerella
- Department of Chemistry, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India.,Department of Chemistry, Pingle Government College for Women, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
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Marinello J, Delcuratolo M, Capranico G. Anthracyclines as Topoisomerase II Poisons: From Early Studies to New Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113480. [PMID: 30404148 PMCID: PMC6275052 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian DNA topoisomerases II are targets of anticancer anthracyclines that act by stabilizing enzyme-DNA complexes wherein DNA strands are cut and covalently linked to the protein. This molecular mechanism is the molecular basis of anthracycline anticancer activity as well as the toxic effects such as cardiomyopathy and induction of secondary cancers. Even though anthracyclines have been used in the clinic for more than 50 years for solid and blood cancers, the search of breakthrough analogs has substantially failed. The recent developments of personalized medicine, availability of individual genomic information, and immune therapy are expected to change significantly human cancer therapy. Here, we discuss the knowledge of anthracyclines as Topoisomerase II poisons, their molecular and cellular effects and toxicity along with current efforts to improve the therapeutic index. Then, we discuss the contribution of the immune system in the anticancer activity of anthracyclines, and the need to increase our knowledge of molecular mechanisms connecting the drug targets to the immune stimulatory pathways in cancer cells. We propose that the complete definition of the molecular interaction of anthracyclines with the immune system may open up more effective and safer ways to treat patients with these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Marinello
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Delcuratolo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Capranico
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
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Increasing the distance between two monomers of topoisomerase IIβ under the action of antitumor agent 4β-sulfur-(benzimidazole) 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14949. [PMID: 30297860 PMCID: PMC6175940 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33366-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases II (Top2s) are a group of essential enzymes involved in replication, transcription, chromosome condensation, and segregation via altering DNA topology. The mechanism of the Top2s poisons such as etoposide (VP-16) was reported as stabilizing the Top2-DNA complex and engendering permanent DNA breakage. As the structurally similar compound of VP-16, a novel 4β-sulfur-substituted 4′-demethylepipodophyllotoxin (DMEP) derivative (compound C-Bi) with superior antitumor activity was developed in our previous study. To understand the structural basis of the compound action, the crystal structure (2.54 Å) of human Top2 β-isoform (hTop2β) cleavage complexes stabilized by compound C-Bi was determined. However, compound C-Bi was not visible in the crystal structure. Through the comparison of the structures of hTop2β-DNA-etoposide ternary complex and hTop2β-DNA binary complex, it could be observed that the distance between drug-binding sites Arg503 of the two monomers was 26.62 Å in hTop2β-DNA-etoposide ternary complex and 34.54 Å in hTop2β-DNA binary complex, respectively. Significant twist were observed in the DNA chains of binary complex. It suggested that compound C-Bi played antitumor roles through increasing spacing of hTop2β monomers. The changes in hTop2β structure further caused double changes in the torsional direction and migration distance of the DNA chains, resulting in impeding religation of DNA.
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Hu W, Huang XS, Wu JF, Yang L, Zheng YT, Shen YM, Li ZY, Li X. Discovery of Novel Topoisomerase II Inhibitors by Medicinal Chemistry Approaches. J Med Chem 2018; 61:8947-8980. [PMID: 29870668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, School of Life Science, Shandong University, 27 South Shanda Road, 250100 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Sheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Ji-Feng Wu
- Institute of Criminal Science and Technology, Ji’nan Public Security Bureau, 21 South QiliShan Road, 250000 Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Tang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Science and Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yue-Mao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Xun Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Ji’nan, Shandong, P. R. China
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Meisner QJ, Accardo JV, Hu G, Clark RJ, Jiang DE, Zhu L. Fluorescence of Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted "Click" Triazoles. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:2956-2973. [PMID: 29489363 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The structural and optical properties of hydroxyphenyl-substituted-1,2,3-triazole molecules ("click" triazoles) are described. "Click" triazoles are prepared from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions. The alkyne-derived C4 substituent of a "click" triazole engages in electronic conjugation more effectively with the triazolyl core than the azide-derived N1 substituent. Furthermore, triazolyl group exerts a stronger electron-withdrawing effect on the N1 than the C4 substituent. Therefore, the placement of an electron-donating group at either C4 or N1 position and the presence or the absence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond (HB) have profound influences on the optical properties of these compounds. The reported "click" triazoles have fluorescence quantum yields in the range of 0.1-0.3 and large apparent Stokes shifts (8000-13 000 cm-1) in all tested solvents. Deprotonation of "click" triazoles with a C4 hydroxyphenyl group increases their Stokes shifts; while the opposite (or quenching) occurs to the triazoles with an N1 hydroxyphenyl substituent. For the triazoles that contain intramolecular HBs, neither experimental nor computational results support a model of excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT). Rather, the excited state internal (or intramolecular) charge transfer (ICT) mechanism is more suitable to explain the fluorescence properties of the hydroxyphenyl-substituted "click" triazoles; specifically, the large Stokes shifts of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinton J Meisner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Joseph V Accardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Ronald J Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
| | - De-En Jiang
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Riverside , California 92521 , United States
| | - Lei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Florida State University , 95 Chieftan Way , Tallahassee , Florida 32306-4390 , United States
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11
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Reddy VG, Bonam SR, Reddy TS, Akunuri R, Naidu V, Nayak VL, Bhargava SK, Kumar HS, Srihari P, Kamal A. 4 β -amidotriazole linked podophyllotoxin congeners: DNA topoisomerase-IIα inhibition and potential anticancer agents for prostate cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 144:595-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Zdraljevic S, Strand C, Seidel HS, Cook DE, Doench JG, Andersen EC. Natural variation in a single amino acid substitution underlies physiological responses to topoisomerase II poisons. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006891. [PMID: 28700616 PMCID: PMC5529024 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chemotherapeutic drugs are differentially effective from one patient to the next. Understanding the causes of this variability is a critical step towards the development of personalized treatments and improvements to existing medications. Here, we investigate sensitivity to a group of anti-neoplastic drugs that target topoisomerase II using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that wild strains of C. elegans vary in their sensitivity to these drugs, and we use an unbiased genetic approach to demonstrate that this natural variation is explained by a methionine-to-glutamine substitution in topoisomerase II (TOP-2). The presence of a non-polar methionine at this residue increases hydrophobic interactions between TOP-2 and its poison etoposide, as compared to a polar glutamine. We hypothesize that this stabilizing interaction results in increased genomic instability in strains that contain a methionine residue. The residue affected by this substitution is conserved from yeast to humans and is one of the few differences between the two human topoisomerase II isoforms (methionine in hTOPIIα and glutamine in hTOPIIβ). We go on to show that this amino acid difference between the two human topoisomerase isoforms influences cytotoxicity of topoisomerase II poisons in human cell lines. These results explain why hTOPIIα and hTOPIIβ are differentially affected by various poisons and demonstrate the utility of C. elegans in understanding the genetics of drug responses. The severe cytotoxic effects associated with anti-neoplastic treatment regimens make it difficult to assess the contributions of genetic variation on treatment responses in clinical settings. Therefore, we leveraged genetic diversity present in the metazoan model nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to identify genetic variants that contribute to differential susceptibility to a broadly administered class of anti-neoplastic compounds that poison the activity of topoisomerase II enzymes. We show that wild C. elegans isolates contain either glutamine or methionine at a highly conserved residue of the topoisomerase II (TOP-2) protein and that this substitution is predictive of animal responses to the topoisomerase II poisons etoposide, teniposide, dactinomycin, and XK469. Interestingly, the two human versions of this protein, hTOPIIα and hTOPIIβ, contain a methionine or glutamine at the corresponding residue, respectively. We show that this difference between the two human topoisomerase II isoforms contributes to the differential cytotoxicity induced by these drugs. Taken together, our results highlight the power of studying the effects of natural genetic variation on drug responses in a model organism and propose methods to develop new drugs that have increased affinity for the desired hTOPIIα isoform expressed in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zdraljevic
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Christine Strand
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hannah S. Seidel
- Biology Department, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Cook
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - John G. Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erik C. Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences Program, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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13
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Wieczorek A, Błauż A, Makal A, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Synthesis and evaluation of biological properties of ferrocenyl–podophyllotoxin conjugates. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:10847-10858. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt02107k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ferrocenyl–podophyllotoxin conjugates have been synthesised and their antiproliferative activity, influence on cell cycle, and interactions with tubulin were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wieczorek
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab
- Department of Molecular Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Łódź
- 90-236 Łódź
| | - Anna Makal
- University of Warsaw
- Biological and Chemical
- Research Centre
- 02-096 Warsaw
- Poland
| | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab
- Department of Molecular Biophysics
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection
- University of Łódź
- 90-236 Łódź
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Łódź
- 91-403 Łódź
- Poland
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Advances in the Chemistry of Natural and Semisynthetic Topoisomerase I/II Inhibitors. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63929-5.00002-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Chen C, Li P, Li Y, Yao G, Xu JH. Antitumor effects and mechanisms of Ganoderma extracts and spores oil. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:3571-3578. [PMID: 27900038 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum is a popular herbal medicine used in China to promote health. Modern studies have disclosed that the active ingredients of Ganoderma can exhibit several effects, including antitumor effects and immunomodulation. The present study evaluated the antitumor effects of self-prepared Ganoderma extracts and spores oil, and investigated the possible underlying mechanisms by observing the effects of the extracts and oil on topoisomerases and the cell cycle. The results showed that Ganoderma extracts and spores oil presented dose-dependent inhibitory effects on tumor cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of Ganoderma extracts on HL60, K562 and SGC-7901 cells for 24 h were 0.44, 0.39 and 0.90 mg/ml, respectively; for Ganoderma spores oil, the IC50 values were 1.13, 2.27 and 6.29 mg/ml, respectively. In the in vivo study, the inhibitory rates of Ganoderma extracts (4 g/kg/d, intragastrically) on S180 and H22 cells were 39.1 and 44.6%, respectively, and for Ganoderma spores oil (1.2 g/kg/d, intragastrically) the inhibitory rates were 30.9 and 44.9%, respectively. Ganoderma extracts and spores oil inhibited the activities of topoisomerase I and II. Ganoderma spores oil was shown block the cell cycle at the transition between the G1 and S phases and induce a marked decrease in cyclin D1 levels in K562 cells, with no significant change in cyclin E level. These results suggest that the Ganoderma extracts and spores oil possessed antitumor effects in the in vitro and in vivo studies. The antitumor mechanisms of the extracts and spores oil were associated with inhibitory effects on topoisomerase I and II activities, and for Ganoderma spores oil, the antitumor effects may also be associated with decreased cyclin D1 levels, thus inducing G1 arrest in the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
| | - Ye Li
- Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, P.R. China
| | - Guan Yao
- Systems Biology Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P.R. China
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Hasinoff BB, Wu X, Patel D, Kanagasabai R, Karmahapatra S, Yalowich JC. Mechanisms of Action and Reduced Cardiotoxicity of Pixantrone; a Topoisomerase II Targeting Agent with Cellular Selectivity for the Topoisomerase IIα Isoform. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:397-409. [PMID: 26660439 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pixantrone is a new noncardiotoxic aza-anthracenedione anticancer drug structurally related to anthracyclines and anthracenediones, such as doxorubicin and mitoxantrone. Pixantrone is approved in the European Union for the treatment of relapsed or refractory aggressive B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. This study was undertaken to investigate both the mechanism(s) of its anticancer activity and its relative lack of cardiotoxicity. Pixantrone targeted DNA topoisomerase IIα as evidenced by its ability to inhibit kinetoplast DNA decatenation; to produce linear double-strand DNA in a pBR322 DNA cleavage assay; to produce DNA double-strand breaks in a cellular phospho-histone γH2AX assay; to form covalent topoisomerase II-DNA complexes in a cellular immunodetection of complex of enzyme-to-DNA assay; and to display cross-resistance in etoposide-resistant K562 cells. Pixantrone produced semiquinone free radicals in an enzymatic reducing system, although not in a cellular system, most likely due to low cellular uptake. Pixantrone was 10- to 12-fold less damaging to neonatal rat myocytes than doxorubicin or mitoxantrone, as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release. Three factors potentially contribute to the reduced cardiotoxicity of pixantrone. First, its lack of binding to iron(III) makes it unable to induce iron-based oxidative stress. Second, its low cellular uptake may limit its ability to produce semiquinone free radicals and redox cycle. Finally, because the β isoform of topoisomerase II predominates in postmitotic cardiomyocytes, and pixantrone is demonstrated in this study to be selective for topoisomerase IIα in stabilizing enzyme-DNA covalent complexes, the attenuated cardiotoxicity of this agent may also be due to its selectivity for targeting topoisomerase IIα over topoisomerase IIβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian B Hasinoff
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
| | - Xing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
| | - Daywin Patel
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
| | - Ragu Kanagasabai
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
| | - Soumendrakrishna Karmahapatra
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
| | - Jack C Yalowich
- College of Pharmacy, Apotex Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada (B.B.H., X.W., D.P.); and Division of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (R.K., S.K., J.C.Y.)
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Paidakula S, Kankala S, Kankala RK, Juluru B, Jonnalagadda SB, Lee CH, Vadde R, Vasam CS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin hybrids as DNA topoisomerase-II targeting anticancer agents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15366b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of new 4β-benzoxazolepodophyllotoxin compounds (9a–j) were prepared and screened for molecular modelling and cytotoxicity against various human tumour cell lines. Cell apoptosis evaluation was performed using Hoechst staining.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shravankumar Kankala
- Department of Chemistry
- Kakatiya University
- Warangal
- India
- School of Physics and Chemistry
| | - Ranjith kumar Kankala
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chia-Hung Lee
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology
- National Dong Hwa University
- Hualien
- Taiwan
| | | | - Chandra Sekhar Vasam
- Department of Chemistry
- Satavahana University
- India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Telangana University
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