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Ahmed S, Chowdhury S, Gomez J, Hung DT, Parish T. Benzene Amide Ether Scaffold is Active against Non-replicating and Intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis. ACS Infect Dis 2023; 9:1981-1992. [PMID: 37708378 PMCID: PMC10580325 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
New drugs to treat tuberculosis which target intractable bacterial populations are required to develop shorter and more effective treatment regimens. The benzene amide ether scaffold has activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but low activity against extracellular, actively replicating M. tuberculosis. We determined that these molecules have bactericidal activity against non-replicating M. tuberculosis but not actively replicating bacteria. Exposure to compounds depleted ATP levels in non-replicating bacteria and increased the oxygen consumption rate; a subset of molecules led to the accumulation of intrabacterial reactive oxygen species. A comprehensive screen of M. tuberculosis strains identified a number of under-expressing strains as more sensitive to compounds under replicating conditions including QcrA and QcrB hypomorphs. We determined the global gene expression profile after compound treatment for both replicating and nutrient-starved M. tuberculosis. We saw compound-dependent changes in the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism under both conditions. Taken together, our data suggest that the scaffold targets respiration in M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ahmed
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Center
for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Sultan Chowdhury
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Center
for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - James Gomez
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Deborah T. Hung
- Broad
Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB
Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research
Institute, Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
- Center
for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
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2
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Dasmahapatra U, Chanda K. Synthetic approaches to potent heterocyclic inhibitors of tuberculosis: A decade review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1021216. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1021216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant global health concern with about 1.5 million deaths annually. Despite efforts to develop more efficient vaccines, reliable diagnostics, and chemotherapeutics, tuberculosis has become a concern to world health due to HIV, the rapid growth of bacteria that are resistant to treatment, and the recently introduced COVID-19 pandemic. As is well known, advances in synthetic organic chemistry have historically enabled the production of important life-saving medications that have had a tremendous impact on patients’ lives and health all over the world. Small-molecule research as a novel chemical entity for a specific disease target offers in-depth knowledge and potential therapeutic targets. In this viewpoint, we concentrated on the synthesis of a number of heterocycles reported in the previous decade and the screening of their inhibitory action against diverse strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These findings offer specific details on the structure-based activity of several heterocyclic scaffolds backed by their in vitro tests as a promising class of antitubercular medicines, which will be further useful to build effective treatments to prevent this terrible illness.
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3
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Fu J, Yue Y, Liu K, Wang S, Zhang Y, Su Q, Gu Q, Lin F, Zhang Y. PTSA-catalyzed selective synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Mol Divers 2022; 27:873-887. [PMID: 35718840 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we developed a convenient and efficient method via protonation of p-toluenesulfonic acid promoted cyclocondensation of o-phenylenediamine and aldehydes for selectively synthesizing 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. This method displayed broad substrate adaptability and afforded the desired products in moderate to excellent yield in short reaction time. The effect of different substituents on the yield was investigated by extending optimum reaction conditions, which was further confirmed by theoretical calculations. It suggested that the surface electrostatic potential of oxygen atom and nitrogen atom on the substrates played important role in the synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted benzimidazoles. Besides, the crystal structure of compound 2t in the orthorhombic space group P2(1)/c was presented. Also, the anti-mycolicibacterium smegmatis (MC2155) activity was evaluated using rifampicin as a positive control. The products (2a, 2b, 2c, 2i, 2j, 2k, 2m) showed good antibacterial activities which were comparable to rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxu Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuandong Yue
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejun Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiliang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
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Banerjee K, Bhattacherjee D, Raina K, Thummer RP, Bhabak KP. Benzimidazole-based ionic and non-ionic organoselenium compounds: innovative synthetic strategies, structural characterization and preliminary anti-proliferative activities. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01322c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rational design of and efficient synthesis of innovative benzimidazole-based ionic and non-ionic organoselenium compounds is described. The compounds were studied for their anti-proliferative activities against triple-negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustav Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Debojit Bhattacherjee
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Khyati Raina
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Rajkumar P. Thummer
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
| | - Krishna Pada Bhabak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India
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5
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Wani MA, Dhaked DK. Targeting the cytochrome bc 1 complex for drug development in M. tuberculosis: review. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2949-2965. [PMID: 34762234 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The terminal oxidases of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway play a significant role in the survival and growth of M. tuberculosis, targeting these components lead to inhibition of M. tuberculosis. Many drug candidates targeting various components of the electron transport chain in M. tuberculosis have recently been discovered. The cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex is one of the most important components of the electron transport chain in M. tuberculosis, and it has emerged as the novel target for several promising candidates. There are two cryo-electron microscopy structures (PDB IDs: 6ADQ and 6HWH) of the cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex that aid in the development of effective and potent inhibitors for M. tuberculosis. In recent years, a number of potential candidates targeting the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex have been developed. In this review, we describe the recently identified inhibitors that target the electron transport chain's terminal oxidase enzyme in M. tuberculosis, specifically the QcrB subunit of the cytochrome bc1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushtaq Ahmad Wani
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Dhaked
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Kolkata, Chunilal Bhawan, 168 Maniktala Main Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700054, India.
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Oh S, Trifonov L, Yadav VD, Barry CE, Boshoff HI. Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: A Decade of Hit Assessment for Defined Targets. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:611304. [PMID: 33791235 PMCID: PMC8005628 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.611304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than two decades have elapsed since the publication of the first genome sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) which, shortly thereafter, enabled methods to determine gene essentiality in the pathogen. Despite this, target-based approaches have not yielded drugs that have progressed to clinical testing. Whole-cell screening followed by elucidation of mechanism of action has to date been the most fruitful approach to progressing inhibitors into the tuberculosis drug discovery pipeline although target-based approaches are gaining momentum. This review discusses scaffolds that have been identified over the last decade from screens of small molecule libraries against Mtb or defined targets where mechanism of action investigation has defined target-hit couples and structure-activity relationship studies have described the pharmacophore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangmi Oh
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lena Trifonov
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Veena D Yadav
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Clifton E Barry
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Helena I Boshoff
- Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Thayer MB, Parish T. Phenoxyalkylimidazoles with an oxadiazole moiety are subject to efflux in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0239353. [PMID: 33481781 PMCID: PMC7822546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenoxyalkylimidazoles (PAI) are an attractive chemical series with potent anti-tubercular activity targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis respiration. Our aim was to determine if the PAI compounds are subject to efflux. Two analogs containing an oxadiazole had improved potency in the presence of the efflux inhibitors reserpine and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazine, whereas the potency of analogs with a diazole was not affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai B. Thayer
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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8
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Bahuguna A, Rawat S, Rawat DS. QcrB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: The new drug target of antitubercular agents. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2565-2581. [PMID: 33400275 DOI: 10.1002/med.21779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Drug-resistance in mycobacterial infections is a major global health problem that leads to high mortality and socioeconomic pressure in developing countries around the world. From finding new targets to discovering novel chemical scaffolds, there is an urgent need for the development of better approaches for the cure of tuberculosis. Recently, energy metabolism in mycobacteria, particularly the oxidative phosphorylation pathway of cellular respiration, has emerged as a novel target pathway in drug discovery. New classes of antibacterials which target oxidative phosphorylation pathway either by interacting with a protein or any step in the pathway of oxidative phosphorylation can combat dormant mycobacterial infections leading to shortening of tuberculosis chemotherapy. Adenosine triphosphate synthase is one such recently discovered target of the newly approved antitubercular drug bedaquiline. Cytochrome bcc is another new target of the antitubercular drug candidate Q203, currently in phase II clinical trial. Research suggests that b subunit of cytochrome bcc, QcrB, is the target of Q203. The review article describes the structure, function, and importance of targeting QcrB throwing light on all chemical classes of QcrB inhibitors discovered to date. An understanding of the structure and function of validated targets and their inhibitors would enable the development of new chemical entities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Srishti Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Diwan S Rawat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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9
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Dhameliya TM, Patel KI, Tiwari R, Vagolu SK, Panda D, Sriram D, Chakraborti AK. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamides as new anti-TB agents. Bioorg Chem 2020; 107:104538. [PMID: 33349456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death globally among infectious diseases. Due to the development of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to currently used anti-TB medicines and the TB-HIV synergism the urgent need to develop novel anti-mycobacterial agents has been realized. The drug-to-target path has been the successful strategy for new anti-TB drug development. All the six drug candidates that have shown promise during the clinical trials and some of these being approved for treatment against MDR TB are the results of phenotype screening of small molecule compound libraries. In search of compounds belonging to novel pharmacophoric class that could be subjected to whole cell assay to generate new anti-TB leads the benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxamide moiety has been designed as a novel anti-TB scaffold. The design was based on the identification of the benzimidazole ring as a prominent substructure of the FDA approved drugs, the structural analysis of reported anti-TB benzimidazoles, and the presence of the C-2 carboxamido functionality in novel bioisoteric anti-TB benzothiazoles. Twenty seven final compounds have been prepared via NH4Cl-catalyzed amidation of ethyl benzo[d]imidazole-2-carboxylates, as the required intermediates, obtained through a green "all water" one-pot synthetic route following a tandem N-arylation-reduction-cyclocondensation procedure. All of the synthesised target compounds were assessed for anti-TB potential using H37Rv ATCC27294 strain. Thirteen compounds were found with better MIC (0.78-6.25 µg/mL) than the standard drugs and being non-cytotoxic nature (<50% inhibition against RAW 264.7 cell lines at 50 µg/mL). The compound 8e exhibited best anti-TB activity (MIC: 2.15 µM and selectivity index: > 60) and a few others e.g., 8a, 8f, 8k and 8o are the next best anti-TB hits (MIC: 1.56 µg/mL). The determination and analysis of various physiochemical parameters revealed favorable druglike properties of the active compounds. The compounds 8a-l and 8o, with MIC values of ≤ 6.25 μg/mL, have high LipE values (10.66-11.77) that are higher than that of the suggested value of > 6 derived from empirical evidence for quality drug candidates and highlight their therapeutic potential. The highest LipE value of 11.77 of the best active compound 8e with the MIC of 0.78 μg/mL indicates its better absorption and clearance as a probable clinical candidate for anti-TB drug discovery. These findings highlight the discovery of benzimidazole-2-carboxamides for further development as new anti-TB agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejas M Dhameliya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Kshitij I Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Rishu Tiwari
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Siva Krishna Vagolu
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Dulal Panda
- Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400 076, India
| | - Dharmarajan Sriram
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology & Science - Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Hyderabad 500 078, India
| | - Asit K Chakraborti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India; Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology - Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140 001, India.
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10
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Bajeli S, Baid N, Kaur M, Pawar GP, Chaudhari VD, Kumar A. Terminal Respiratory Oxidases: A Targetables Vulnerability of Mycobacterial Bioenergetics? Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:589318. [PMID: 33330134 PMCID: PMC7719681 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.589318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, ATP synthase inhibitor Bedaquiline was approved for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis emphasizing the importance of oxidative phosphorylation for the survival of mycobacteria. ATP synthesis is primarily dependent on the generation of proton motive force through the electron transport chain in mycobacteria. The mycobacterial electron transport chain utilizes two terminal oxidases for the reduction of oxygen, namely the bc1-aa3 supercomplex and the cytochrome bd oxidase. The bc1-aa3 supercomplex is an energy-efficient terminal oxidase that pumps out four vectoral protons, besides consuming four scalar protons during the transfer of electrons from menaquinone to molecular oxygen. In the past few years, several inhibitors of bc1-aa3 supercomplex have been developed, out of which, Q203 belonging to the class of imidazopyridine, has moved to clinical trials. Recently, the crystal structure of the mycobacterial cytochrome bc1-aa3 supercomplex was solved, providing details of the route of transfer of electrons from menaquinone to molecular oxygen. Besides providing insights into the molecular functioning, crystal structure is aiding in the targeted drug development. On the other hand, the second respiratory terminal oxidase of the mycobacterial respiratory chain, cytochrome bd oxidase, does not pump out the vectoral protons and is energetically less efficient. However, it can detoxify the reactive oxygen species and facilitate mycobacterial survival during a multitude of stresses. Quinolone derivatives (CK-2-63) and quinone derivative (Aurachin D) inhibit cytochrome bd oxidase. Notably, ablation of both the two terminal oxidases simultaneously through genetic methods or pharmacological inhibition leads to the rapid death of the mycobacterial cells. Thus, terminal oxidases have emerged as important drug targets. In this review, we have described the current understanding of the functioning of these two oxidases, their physiological relevance to mycobacteria, and their inhibitors. Besides these, we also describe the alternative terminal complexes that are used by mycobacteria to maintain energized membrane during hypoxia and anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Bajeli
- Molecular Mycobacteriology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navin Baid
- Molecular Mycobacteriology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manjot Kaur
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ganesh P Pawar
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Vinod D Chaudhari
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Molecular Mycobacteriology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
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Benzimidazoquinazolines as new potent anti-TB chemotypes: Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2020; 99:103774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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12
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13
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Shetye GS, Franzblau SG, Cho S. New tuberculosis drug targets, their inhibitors, and potential therapeutic impact. Transl Res 2020; 220:68-97. [PMID: 32275897 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The current tuberculosis (TB) predicament poses numerous challenges and therefore every incremental scientific work and all positive socio-political engagements, are steps taken in the right direction to eradicate TB. Progression of the late stage TB-drug pipeline into the clinics is an immediate deliverable of this global effort. At the same time, fueling basic research and pursuing early discovery work must be sustained to maintain a healthy TB-drug pipeline. This review encompasses a broad analysis of chemotherapeutic strategies that target the DNA replication, protein synthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, energy metabolism and proteolysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). It includes a status check of the current TB-drug pipeline with a focus on the associated biology, emerging targets, and their promising chemical inhibitors. Potential synergies and/or gaps within or across different chemotherapeutic strategies are systematically reviewed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri S Shetye
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Scott G Franzblau
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sanghyun Cho
- Institute for Tuberculosis Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
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14
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Oxidative Phosphorylation—an Update on a New, Essential Target Space for Drug Discovery in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10072339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
New drugs with new mechanisms of action are urgently required to tackle the global tuberculosis epidemic. Following the FDA-approval of the ATP synthase inhibitor bedaquiline (Sirturo®), energy metabolism has become the subject of intense focus as a novel pathway to exploit for tuberculosis drug development. This enthusiasm stems from the fact that oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) and the maintenance of the transmembrane electrochemical gradient are essential for the viability of replicating and non-replicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiological agent of human tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, new drugs targeting this pathway have the potential to shorten TB treatment, which is one of the major goals of TB drug discovery. This review summarises the latest and key findings regarding the OxPhos pathway in M. tb and provides an overview of the inhibitors targeting various components. We also discuss the potential of new regimens containing these inhibitors, the flexibility of this pathway and, consequently, the complexity in targeting it. Lastly, we discuss opportunities and future directions of this drug target space.
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15
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Insuasty D, Castillo J, Becerra D, Rojas H, Abonia R. Synthesis of Biologically Active Molecules through Multicomponent Reactions. Molecules 2020; 25:E505. [PMID: 31991635 PMCID: PMC7038231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Focusing on the literature progress since 2002, the present review explores the highly significant role that multicomponent reactions (MCRs) have played as a very important tool for expedite synthesis of a vast number of organic molecules, but also, highlights the fact that many of such molecules are biologically active or at least have been submitted to any biological screen. The selected papers covered in this review must meet two mandatory requirements: (1) the reported products should be obtained via a multicomponent reaction; (2) the reported products should be biologically actives or at least tested for any biological property. Given the diversity of synthetic approaches utilized in MCRs, the highly diverse nature of the biological activities evaluated for the synthesized compounds, and considering their huge structural variability, much of the reported data are organized into concise schemes and tables to facilitate comparison, and to underscore the key points of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Insuasty
- Grupo de Investigación en Química y Biología, Departamento de Química y Biología, Universidad del Norte, Km 5 vía Puerto Colombia 1569, Barranquilla Atlántico 081007, Colombia;
| | - Juan Castillo
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
- Bioorganic Compounds Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Universidad de los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Diana Becerra
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Hugo Rojas
- Grupo de Catálisis, Escuela de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia UPTC, Avenida Central del Norte 39-115, Tunja 150003, Colombia; (J.C.); (D.B.); (H.R.)
| | - Rodrigo Abonia
- Research Group of Heterocyclic Compounds, Department of Chemistry, Universidad del Valle, Cali A. A. 25360, Colombia
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16
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Santos NCDS, Scodro RBDL, Sampiron EG, Ieque AL, Carvalho HCD, Santos TDS, Ghiraldi Lopes LD, Campanerut-Sá PAZ, Siqueira VLD, Caleffi-Ferracioli KR, Teixeira JJV, Cardoso RF. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration Techniques in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A Systematic Review. Microb Drug Resist 2020; 26:752-765. [PMID: 31977277 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assay is an accepted parameter for evaluating new antimicrobial agents, and it is frequently used as a research tool to provide a prediction of bacterial eradication. To the best of our knowledge, there is no standardization among researchers regarding the technique used to detect a drug's MBC in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Thus, the aim of this systematic review is to discuss the available literature in determining a drug's MBC in M. tuberculosis, to find the most commonly used technique and standardize the process. A broad and rigorous literature search of three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and LILACS) was performed according to the PRISMA statement. We considered studies that were published from January 1, 1990 to February 19, 2019. Google Scholar was also searched to increase the number of publications. We searched for articles using the MeSH terms "microbiological techniques," "Mycobacterium," "antibacterial agents." In addition, free terms were used in the search. The search yielded 6,674 publications. After filter application, 5,348 publications remained. Of these, we evaluated the full text of 187 publications. By applying the inclusion criteria, 69 studies were included in the present systematic review. In the literature analyzed, a great variety in the techniques used to determine a drug's MBC in M. tuberculosis was observed. The most common variability is related to the culture media used, culture incubation time, and the percentage of bacterial death for the drug to be considered as bactericidal. The most commonly used technique for drug's MBC determination was carried out using the drug's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Aliquots from prior MIC values were subcultured in Middlebrook agar and incubated for 4 weeks at 35°C for determining the colony forming unit (CFU) with relevance to detect 99.9% bacilli killed or reduction in 3 log10 viable bacilli.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Regiane Bertin de Lima Scodro
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Thais da Silva Santos
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luciana Dias Ghiraldi Lopes
- Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Paula Aline Zanetti Campanerut-Sá
- Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vera Lucia Dias Siqueira
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Katiany Rizzieri Caleffi-Ferracioli
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Jorge Juarez Vieira Teixeira
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
| | - Rosilene Fressatti Cardoso
- Postgraduation in Bioscience and Physiopathology, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Postgraduation in Health Sciences, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Bacteriology, Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringa, Parana, Brazil
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17
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Abstract
The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has been exacerbated by the rise in drug-resistant TB cases worldwide. To tackle this crisis, it is necessary to identify new vulnerable drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, and develop compounds that can inhibit the bacterium through novel mechanisms of action. The QcrB subunit of the electron transport chain enzyme cytochrome bc1 has recently been validated to be a potential drug target. In the current work, we report the discovery of a new class of QcrB inhibitors, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, that potently inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. These compounds are chemically distinct from previously reported QcrB inhibitors, and therefore, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines represent a new scaffold that can be exploited to inhibit this drug target. Antibiotic resistance is a global crisis that threatens our ability to treat bacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Of the 10 million cases of tuberculosis in 2017, approximately 19% of new cases and 43% of previously treated cases were caused by strains of M. tuberculosis resistant to at least one frontline antibiotic. There is a clear need for new therapies that target these genetically resistant strains. Here, we report the discovery of a new series of antimycobacterial compounds, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, that potently inhibit the growth of M. tuberculosis. To elucidate the mechanism by which these compounds inhibit M. tuberculosis, we selected for mutants resistant to a representative 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine and sequenced these strains to identify the mutations that confer resistance. We isolated a total of 12 resistant mutants, each of which harbored a nonsynonymous mutation in the gene qcrB, which encodes a subunit of the electron transport chain (ETC) enzyme cytochrome bc1 oxidoreductase, leading us to hypothesize that 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines target this enzyme complex. We found that addition of 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines to M. tuberculosis cultures resulted in a decrease in ATP levels, supporting our model that these compounds inhibit the M. tuberculosis ETC. Furthermore, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines had enhanced activity against a mutant of M. tuberculosis deficient in cytochrome bd oxidase, which is a hallmark of cytochrome bc1 inhibitors. Therefore, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines represent a novel series of QcrB inhibitors that build on the growing number of chemical scaffolds that are able to inhibit the mycobacterial cytochrome bc1 complex. IMPORTANCE The global tuberculosis (TB) epidemic has been exacerbated by the rise in drug-resistant TB cases worldwide. To tackle this crisis, it is necessary to identify new vulnerable drug targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB, and develop compounds that can inhibit the bacterium through novel mechanisms of action. The QcrB subunit of the electron transport chain enzyme cytochrome bc1 has recently been validated to be a potential drug target. In the current work, we report the discovery of a new class of QcrB inhibitors, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines, that potently inhibit M. tuberculosis growth in vitro. These compounds are chemically distinct from previously reported QcrB inhibitors, and therefore, 4-amino-thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines represent a new scaffold that can be exploited to inhibit this drug target.
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18
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Novel MenA Inhibitors Are Bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Synergize with Electron Transport Chain Inhibitors. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:AAC.02661-18. [PMID: 30962346 PMCID: PMC6535543 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02661-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and death resulting from infectious disease worldwide. The incredible disease burden, combined with the long course of drug treatment and an increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance among M. tuberculosis isolates, necessitates novel drugs and drug targets for treatment of this deadly pathogen. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading cause of morbidity and death resulting from infectious disease worldwide. The incredible disease burden, combined with the long course of drug treatment and an increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance among M. tuberculosis isolates, necessitates novel drugs and drug targets for treatment of this deadly pathogen. Recent work has produced several promising clinical candidates targeting components of the electron transport chain (ETC) of M. tuberculosis, highlighting this pathway’s potential as a drug target. Menaquinone is an essential component of the M. tuberculosis ETC, as it functions to shuttle electrons through the ETC to produce the electrochemical gradient required for ATP production for the cell. We show that inhibitors of MenA, a component of the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway, are highly active against M. tuberculosis. MenA inhibitors are bactericidal against M. tuberculosis under both replicating and nonreplicating conditions, with 10-fold higher bactericidal activity against nutrient-starved bacteria than against replicating cultures. MenA inhibitors have enhanced activity in combination with bedaquiline, clofazimine, and inhibitors of QcrB, a component of the cytochrome bc1 oxidase. Together, these data support MenA as a viable target for drug treatment against M. tuberculosis. MenA inhibitors not only kill M. tuberculosis in a variety of physiological states but also show enhanced activity in combination with ETC inhibitors in various stages of clinical trial testing.
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19
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Ollinger J, Kumar A, Roberts DM, Bailey MA, Casey A, Parish T. A high-throughput whole cell screen to identify inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0205479. [PMID: 30650074 PMCID: PMC6334966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a disease of global importance for which novel drugs are urgently required. We developed a whole-cell phenotypic screen which can be used to identify inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth. We used recombinant strains of virulent M. tuberculosis which express far-red fluorescent reporters and used fluorescence to monitor growth in vitro. We optimized our high throughput assays using both 96-well and 384-well plates; both formats gave assays which met stringent reproducibility and robustness tests. We screened a compound set of 1105 chemically diverse compounds previously shown to be active against M. tuberculosis and identified primary hits which showed ≥ 90% growth inhibition. We ranked hits and identified three chemical classes of interest-the phenoxyalkylbenzamidazoles, the benzothiophene 1-1 dioxides, and the piperidinamines. These new compound classes may serve as starting points for the development of new series of inhibitors that prevent the growth of M. tuberculosis. This assay can be used for further screening, or could easily be adapted to other strains of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Ollinger
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Anuradha Kumar
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David M. Roberts
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Mai A. Bailey
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Allen Casey
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tanya Parish
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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20
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Menteşe E, Kahveci B, Menteşe M. Green Protocol: Catalyst-Free Synthesis of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles under Ultrasound Irradiation. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15293267526838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of 2-substituted benzimidazoles from the reaction of o-phenylenediamine and an imino ester hydrochloride with ultrasound irradiation is reported. The procedure has an eco-friendly and simple workup with good yield in a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Bahittin Kahveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Meltem Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
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21
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Danne AB, Choudhari AS, Sarkar D, Sangshetti JN, Khedkar VM, Shingate BB. Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel triazole-biscoumarin conjugates as potential antitubercular and anti-oxidant agents. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-018-3490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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22
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Iqbal IK, Bajeli S, Akela AK, Kumar A. Bioenergetics of Mycobacterium: An Emerging Landscape for Drug Discovery. Pathogens 2018; 7:E24. [PMID: 29473841 PMCID: PMC5874750 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens7010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) exhibits remarkable metabolic flexibility that enables it to survive a plethora of host environments during its life cycle. With the advent of bedaquiline for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, oxidative phosphorylation has been validated as an important target and a vulnerable component of mycobacterial metabolism. Exploiting the dependence of Mtb on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production, several components of this pathway have been targeted for the development of new antimycobacterial agents. This includes targeting NADH dehydrogenase by phenothiazine derivatives, menaquinone biosynthesis by DG70 and other compounds, terminal oxidase by imidazopyridine amides and ATP synthase by diarylquinolines. Importantly, oxidative phosphorylation also plays a critical role in the survival of persisters. Thus, inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation can synergize with frontline TB drugs to shorten the course of treatment. In this review, we discuss the oxidative phosphorylation pathway and development of its inhibitors in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iram Khan Iqbal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Sapna Bajeli
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Ajit Kumar Akela
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
| | - Ashwani Kumar
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh 160036, India.
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23
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Synthesis, molecular docking and biological evaluation of some benzimidazole derivatives as potent pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2018; 76:478-486. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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24
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Combinations of Respiratory Chain Inhibitors Have Enhanced Bactericidal Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 62:AAC.01677-17. [PMID: 29061760 PMCID: PMC5740367 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01677-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an obligate aerobe, Mycobacterium tuberculosis uses its electron transport chain (ETC) to produce energy via oxidative phosphorylation. This pathway has recently garnered a lot of attention and is a target for several new antimycobacterials. We tested the respiratory adaptation of M. tuberculosis to phenoxyalkylbenzimidazoles (PABs), compounds proposed to target QcrB, a component of the cytochrome bc1 complex. We show that M. tuberculosis is able to reroute its ETC to provide temporary resistance to PABs. However, combination treatment of PAB with agents targeting other components of the electron transport chain overcomes this respiratory flexibility. PAB in combination with clofazimine resulted in synergistic killing of M. tuberculosis under both replicating and nonreplicating conditions. PABs in combination with bedaquiline demonstrated antagonism at early time points, particularly under nonreplicating conditions. However, this antagonistic effect disappeared within 3 weeks, when PAB-BDQ combinations became highly bactericidal; in some cases, they were better than either drug alone. This study highlights the potential for combination treatment targeting the ETC and supports the development of PABs as part of a novel drug regimen against M. tuberculosis.
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25
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Chandrasekera NS, Berube BJ, Shetye G, Chettiar S, O’Malley T, Manning A, Flint L, Awasthi D, Ioerger TR, Sacchettini J, Masquelin T, Hipskind PA, Odingo J, Parish T. Improved Phenoxyalkylbenzimidazoles with Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Appear to Target QcrB. ACS Infect Dis 2017; 3:898-916. [PMID: 29035551 PMCID: PMC5727484 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The phenoxy alkyl benzimidazoles
(PABs) have good antitubercular activity. We expanded our structure–activity
relationship studies to determine the core components of PABs required
for activity. The most potent compounds had minimum inhibitory concentrations
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the low nanomolar
range with very little cytotoxicity against eukaryotic cells as well
as activity against intracellular bacteria. We isolated resistant
mutants against PAB compounds, which had mutations in either Rv1339,
of unknown function, or qcrB, a component of the
cytochrome bc1 oxidase of the electron
transport chain. QcrB mutant strains were resistant to all PAB compounds,
whereas Rv1339 mutant strains were only resistant to a subset, suggesting
that QcrB is the target. The discovery of the target for PAB compounds
will allow for the improved design of novel compounds to target intracellular M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Susantha Chandrasekera
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Bryan J. Berube
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Gauri Shetye
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Somsundaram Chettiar
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Theresa O’Malley
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Alyssa Manning
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Lindsay Flint
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Divya Awasthi
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | | | | | - Thierry Masquelin
- Lilly Research Laboratories, 307 East Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Philip A. Hipskind
- Lilly Research Laboratories, 307 East Merrill Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Joshua Odingo
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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26
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Kumar V, Patel S, Jain R. New structural classes of antituberculosis agents. Med Res Rev 2017; 38:684-740. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
- Present address: Department of Chemistry; Akal University; Talwandi Sabo Punjab 151 302 India
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
| | - Rahul Jain
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research; S.A.S. Nagar Punjab India
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27
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Menteşe E, Bektaş H, Sokmen BB, Emirik M, Çakır D, Kahveci B. Synthesis and molecular docking study of some 5,6-dichloro-2-cyclopropyl-1H-benzimidazole derivatives bearing triazole, oxadiazole, and imine functionalities as potent inhibitors of urease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2017; 27:3014-3018. [PMID: 28526368 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new series of benzimidazole compounds including hydrazinecarbothioamide, 1,2,4-triazole, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and imine function were synthesized starting from 5,6-dichloro-2-cyclopropyl-1H-benzimidazole. All of the benzimidazole derivatives exhibited good urease inhibitor activity. Compound 6a proved to be the most potent showing an enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50=0.06µM. Molecular docking studies were also conducted on enzyme extracted from Jack bean urease to identify the binding mode of the newly synthesized compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emre Menteşe
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Bektaş
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Bahar Bilgin Sokmen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Emirik
- Department of Chemistry, Art and Science Faculty, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Rize, Turkey
| | - Demet Çakır
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, 28049 Giresun, Turkey
| | - Bahittin Kahveci
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
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28
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Tantry SJ, Markad SD, Shinde V, Bhat J, Balakrishnan G, Gupta AK, Ambady A, Raichurkar A, Kedari C, Sharma S, Mudugal NV, Narayan A, Naveen Kumar CN, Nanduri R, Bharath S, Reddy J, Panduga V, Prabhakar KR, Kandaswamy K, Saralaya R, Kaur P, Dinesh N, Guptha S, Rich K, Murray D, Plant H, Preston M, Ashton H, Plant D, Walsh J, Alcock P, Naylor K, Collier M, Whiteaker J, McLaughlin RE, Mallya M, Panda M, Rudrapatna S, Ramachandran V, Shandil R, Sambandamurthy VK, Mdluli K, Cooper CB, Rubin H, Yano T, Iyer P, Narayanan S, Kavanagh S, Mukherjee K, Balasubramanian V, Hosagrahara VP, Solapure S, Ravishankar S, Hameed P S. Discovery of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Ethers and Squaramides as Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Mycobacterial Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Synthesis. J Med Chem 2017; 60:1379-1399. [PMID: 28075132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The approval of bedaquiline to treat tuberculosis has validated adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase as an attractive target to kill Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Herein, we report the discovery of two diverse lead series imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ethers (IPE) and squaramides (SQA) as inhibitors of mycobacterial ATP synthesis. Through medicinal chemistry exploration, we established a robust structure-activity relationship of these two scaffolds, resulting in nanomolar potencies in an ATP synthesis inhibition assay. A biochemical deconvolution cascade suggested cytochrome c oxidase as the potential target of IPE class of molecules, whereas characterization of spontaneous resistant mutants of SQAs unambiguously identified ATP synthase as its molecular target. Absence of cross resistance against bedaquiline resistant mutants suggested a different binding site for SQAs on ATP synthase. Furthermore, SQAs were found to be noncytotoxic and demonstrated efficacy in a mouse model of tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanyam J Tantry
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Shankar D Markad
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vikas Shinde
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Jyothi Bhat
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Gayathri Balakrishnan
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Amit K Gupta
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Anisha Ambady
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Anandkumar Raichurkar
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Chaitanyakumar Kedari
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Sreevalli Sharma
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Naina V Mudugal
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Ashwini Narayan
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - C N Naveen Kumar
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Robert Nanduri
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Sowmya Bharath
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Jitendar Reddy
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vijender Panduga
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - K R Prabhakar
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Karthikeyan Kandaswamy
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Ramanatha Saralaya
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Parvinder Kaur
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Neela Dinesh
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Supreeth Guptha
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Kirsty Rich
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - David Murray
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Helen Plant
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Marian Preston
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Helen Ashton
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Darren Plant
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Jarrod Walsh
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Peter Alcock
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Kathryn Naylor
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Matthew Collier
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - James Whiteaker
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Robert E McLaughlin
- Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Meenakshi Mallya
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Manoranjan Panda
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Suresh Rudrapatna
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vasanthi Ramachandran
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Radha Shandil
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vasan K Sambandamurthy
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Khisi Mdluli
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, 24th Floor, New York, New York 10005, United States
| | - Christopher B Cooper
- Global Alliance for TB Drug Development , 40 Wall Street, 24th Floor, New York, New York 10005, United States
| | - Harvey Rubin
- University of Pennsylvania , 111 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Takahiro Yano
- University of Pennsylvania , 111 Clinical Research Building, 415 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Pravin Iyer
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Shridhar Narayanan
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Stefan Kavanagh
- AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Mereside, Macclesfield, Cheshire U.K. SK10 4TG
| | - Kakoli Mukherjee
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - V Balasubramanian
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Vinayak P Hosagrahara
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Suresh Solapure
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Sudha Ravishankar
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
| | - Shahul Hameed P
- Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca India Pvt. Ltd. , Bellary Road, Hebbal, Bangalore 560024, India
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29
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Bonnett SA, Ollinger J, Chandrasekera S, Florio S, O’Malley T, Files M, Jee JA, Ahn J, Casey A, Ovechkina Y, Roberts D, Korkegian A, Parish T. A Target-Based Whole Cell Screen Approach To Identify Potential Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signal Peptidase. ACS Infect Dis 2016; 2:893-902. [PMID: 27642770 PMCID: PMC5215716 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The general secretion (Sec) pathway is a conserved essential pathway in bacteria and is the primary route of protein export across the cytoplasmic membrane. During protein export, the signal peptidase LepB catalyzes the cleavage of the signal peptide and subsequent release of mature proteins into the extracellular space. We developed a target-based whole cell assay to screen for potential inhibitors of LepB, the sole signal peptidase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, using a strain engineered to underexpress LepB (LepB-UE). We screened 72,000 compounds against both the Lep-UE and wild-type (wt) strains. We identified the phenylhydrazone (PHY) series as having higher activity against the LepB-UE strain. We conducted a limited structure-activity relationship determination around a representative PHY compound with differential activity (MICs of 3.0 μM against the LepB-UE strain and 18 μM against the wt); several analogues were less potent against the LepB overexpressing strain. A number of chemical modifications around the hydrazone moiety resulted in improved potency. Inhibition of LepB activity was observed for a number of compounds in a biochemical assay using cell membrane fraction derived from M. tuberculosis. Compounds did not increase cell permeability, dissipate membrane potential, or inhibit an unrelated mycobacterial enzyme, suggesting a specific mode of action related to the LepB secretory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilah A. Bonnett
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Juliane Ollinger
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Susantha Chandrasekera
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Stephanie Florio
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Theresa O’Malley
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Megan Files
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Jo-Ann Jee
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - James Ahn
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Allen Casey
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Yulia Ovechkina
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - David Roberts
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Aaron Korkegian
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
| | - Tanya Parish
- TB Discovery
Research, Infectious Disease Research Institute, 1616 Eastlake Avenue East, Suite
400, Seattle, Washington 98102, United States
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30
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Akhtar W, Khan MF, Verma G, Shaquiquzzaman M, Rizvi MA, Mehdi SH, Akhter M, Alam MM. Therapeutic evolution of benzimidazole derivatives in the last quinquennial period. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 126:705-753. [PMID: 27951484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole, a fused heterocycle bearing benzene and imidazole has gained considerable attention in the field of contemporary medicinal chemistry. The moiety is of substantial importance because of its wide array of pharmacological activities. This nitrogen containing heterocycle is a part of a number of therapeutically used agents. Moreover, a number of patents concerning this moiety in the last few years further highlight its worth. The present review covers the recent work published by scientists across the globe during last five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasim Akhtar
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohemmed Faraz Khan
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Garima Verma
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Shaquiquzzaman
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M A Rizvi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Syed Hassan Mehdi
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mymoona Akhter
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - M Mumtaz Alam
- Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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31
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Doğan İS, Özel A, Birinci Z, Barut B, Sellitepe HE, Kahveci B. Synthesis of Some Novel 2-Substitutedbenzyl-(4)7-phenyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazoles in Mild Conditions as Potent Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:881-888. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201600224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İnci S. Doğan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Zeynep Birinci
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Burak Barut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Hasan E. Sellitepe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
| | - Bahittin Kahveci
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Karadeniz Technical University; Trabzon Turkey
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32
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Anand A, Kulkarni MV, Joshi SD, Dixit SR. One pot Click chemistry: A three component reaction for the synthesis of 2-mercaptobenzimidazole linked coumarinyl triazoles as anti-tubercular agents. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4709-4713. [PMID: 27595420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Propargylthiobenzimidazole 1, 4-bromomethyl coumarins/1-aza-coumarins 2/3 and sodium azide have been reacted in one pot under Click chemistry conditions to give exclusively 1,4-disubstituted triazoles 5a-n. Anti-tubercular assays against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) coupled with in silico molecular docking studies indicated that dimethyl substituents 5c and 5d showed promising activity with higher C-score values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Anand
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India
| | - Manohar V Kulkarni
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Karnatak University, Pavate Nagar, Dharwad 580003, Karnataka, India.
| | - Shrinivas D Joshi
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
| | - Sheshagiri R Dixit
- Novel Drug Design and Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, S.E.T's College of Pharmacy, Sangolli Rayanna Nagar, Dharwad 580002, Karnataka, India
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