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Wasilewicz A, Bojkova D, Beniddir MA, Cinatl J, Rabenau HF, Grienke U, Rollinger JM, Kirchweger B. Molecular networking unveils anti-SARS-CoV-2 constituents from traditionally used remedies. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117206. [PMID: 37783406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants and fungi have a long tradition in ethnopharmacology for the treatment of infectious diseases including viruses. Many of these natural products have also been used to combat SARS-CoV-2 infections or symptoms of the post- and long-COVID form, owing to the scarcity of clinically approved therapeutics. AIM OF THE STUDY The ongoing threat posed by SARS-CoV-2, along with the rapidly evolving new variants, requires the development of new antiviral compounds. The aim of this study was to identify anti-SARS-CoV-2 herbal and fungal extracts used in traditional medicine against acute respiratory infection, inflammation, and related symptoms. Additionally, we sought to characterize their bioactive constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antiviral activity and cell cytotoxicity of 179 herbal and fungal extracts were evaluated using two SARS-CoV-2 infection assays in Caco-2 cells. 19 plant extracts with and without anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity underwent detailed dereplication using molecular networking. RESULTS Extracts from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels roots, Annona squamosa L. seeds, Azadirachta indica A. Juss. fruits, Buddleja officinalis Maxim. flowers, Burkea africana Hook. bark and Clinopodium menthifolium (Host) Stace aerial parts showed a potent anti SARS-CoV-2 activity (IC50 < 5 μg/ml) with only moderate cytotoxicity (CC50 > 60 μg/ml, Caco-2). By performing the dereplication with a bioactivity-featured molecular network (MN) on the extract library level, rather than on the level of individual extracts, we could pinpoint compounds characteristic for active extracts. Thus, a straight-forward identification of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 natural compounds was achieved prior to any fractionation or isolation efforts. CONCLUSIONS A sophisticated hyphenation of empirical knowledge with MS-based bioinformatics and automated compound annotation was applied to decipher the chemical space of the investigated extracts. The correlation with experimentally assessed anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities helped in predicting compound classes and structural elements relevant for the antiviral activities. Consequently, this accelerated the identification of constituents from the investigated mixtures with inhibitory effects against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wasilewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Denisa Bojkova
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Mehdi A Beniddir
- Équipe Chimie des Substances Naturelles, BioCIS, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 17 Avenue des Sciences, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute of Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Paul-Ehrlich-Straβe 40, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Judith M Rollinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Benjamin Kirchweger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Zhao JH, Wang YW, Yang J, Tong ZJ, Wu JZ, Wang YB, Wang QX, Li QQ, Yu YC, Leng XJ, Chang L, Xue X, Sun SL, Li HM, Ding N, Duan JA, Li NG, Shi ZH. Natural products as potential lead compounds to develop new antiviral drugs over the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 260:115726. [PMID: 37597436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Virus infection has been one of the main causes of human death since the ancient times. Even though more and more antiviral drugs have been approved in clinic, long-term use can easily lead to the emergence of drug resistance and side effects. Fortunately, there are many kinds of metabolites which were produced by plants, marine organisms and microorganisms in nature with rich structural skeletons, and they are natural treasure house for people to find antiviral active substances. Aiming at many types of viruses that had caused serious harm to human health in recent years, this review summarizes the natural products with antiviral activity that had been reported for the first time in the past ten years, we also sort out the source, chemical structure and safety indicators in order to provide potential lead compounds for the research and development of new antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Han Zhao
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yue-Wei Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jin Yang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Zhen-Jiang Tong
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Wu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Xin Wang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Qing-Qing Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Yu
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Leng
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Liang Chang
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xin Xue
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Shan-Liang Sun
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - He-Min Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Ning Ding
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Nian-Guang Li
- National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China.
| | - Zhi-Hao Shi
- Laboratory of Molecular Design and Drug Discovery, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211198, China.
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Yadav Y, Singh K, Sharma S, Mishra VK, Sagar R. Recent Efforts in Identification of Privileged Scaffolds as Antiviral Agents. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300921. [PMID: 37589569 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections are the most important health concern nowadays to mankind, which is unexpectedly increasing the health complications and fatality rate worldwide. The recent viral infection outbreak developed a pressing need for small molecules that can be quickly deployed for the control/treatment of re-emerging or new emerging viral infections. Numerous viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, influenza, SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and others, are still challenging due to emerging resistance to known drugs. Therefore, there is always a need to search for new antiviral small molecules that can combat viral infection with new modes of action. This review highlighted recent progress in developing new antiviral molecules based on natural product-inspired scaffolds. Herein, the structure-activity relationship of the FDA-approved drugs along with the molecular docking studies of selected compounds have been discussed against several target proteins. The findings of new small molecules as neuraminidase inhibitors, other than known drug scaffolds, Anti-HIV and SARS-CoV are incorporated in this review paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Yadav
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Kavita Singh
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Vinay Kumar Mishra
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ram Sagar
- Glycochemistry Laboratory, School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Maroyi A. Medicinal Uses of the Fabaceae Family in Zimbabwe: A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1255. [PMID: 36986943 PMCID: PMC10051751 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study is aimed at providing a systematic review of the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicinies in Zimbabwe. Fabaceae is one of the well-known plant families of ethnopharmacological importance. Of the approximately 665 species of the Fabaceae family occurring in Zimbabwe, about 101 are used for medicinal purposes. Many communities in the country, mainly in peri-urban, rural and marginalized areas with limited access to healthcare facilities, rely on traditional medicines as their primary healthcare. The study reviewed research studies undertaken on Zimbabwe's Fabaceae species during 1959 to 2022. Information was gathered from literature sourced from Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed, books, dissertations, theses and scientific reports. This study showed that 101 species are traditionally used to manage human and animal diseases in Zimbabwe. The genera with the highest number of medicinal uses are Indigofera, Senna, Albizia, Rhynchosia and Vachellia. Species of these genera are used as traditional medicines against 134 medical conditions, mainly gastrointestinal conditions, female reproductive conditions, respiratory conditions and sexually transmitted infections. Shrubs (39.0%), trees (37.0%) and herbs (18.0%) are the primary sources of traditional medicines, while roots (80.2%), leaves (36.6%), bark (27.7%) and fruits (8.9%) are the most widely used plant parts. Many of Zimbabwe's Fabaceae species used as sources of traditional medicines have been assessed for their phytochemical and pharmacological properties, corroborating their medicinal uses. However, there is a need to unravel the therapeutic potential of the family through further ethnopharmacological research focusing on toxicological studies, in vitro and in vivo models, biochemical assays and pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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Shokry S, Hegazy A, Abbas AM, Mostafa I, Eissa IH, Metwaly AM, Yahya G, El-Shazly AM, Aboshanab KM, Mostafa A. Phytoestrogen β-Sitosterol Exhibits Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Influenza A Viruses. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:228. [PMID: 36851106 PMCID: PMC9964242 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza is a contagious infection in humans that is caused frequently by low pathogenic seasonal influenza viruses and occasionally by pathogenic avian influenza viruses (AIV) of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. Recently, the clinical sector in poultry and humans has been confronted with many challenges, including the limited number of antiviral drugs and the rapid evolution of drug-resistant variants. Herein, the anti-influenza activities of various plant-derived phytochemicals were investigated against highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus (HPAIV H5N1) and seasonal low pathogenic human influenza A/H1N1 virus (LPHIV H1N1). Out of the 22 tested phytochemicals, the steroid compounds β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-O-glucoside have very potent activity against the predefined influenza A viruses (IAV). Both steroids could induce such activity by affecting multiple stages during IAV replication cycles, including viral adsorption and replication with a major and significant impact on the virus directly in a cell-free status "viricidal effect". On a molecular level, several molecular docking studies suggested that β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-O-glucoside exhibited viricidal effects through blocking active binding sites of the hemagglutinin surface protein, as well as showing inhibitory effects against replication through the binding with influenza neuraminidase activity and blocking the active sites of the M2 proton channel activity. The phytoestrogen β-sitosterol has structural similarity with the active form of the female sex hormone estradiol, and this similarity is likely one of the molecular determinants that enables the phytoestrogen β-sitosterol and its derivative to control IAV infection in vitro. This promising anti-influenza activity of β-sitosterol and its O-glycoside derivative, according to both in vitro and cheminformatics studies, recommend both phytochemicals for further studies going through preclinical and clinical phases as efficient anti-influenza drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shokry
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Akram Hegazy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmad M. Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Salman International University (KSIU), Sinai 46612, Egypt
| | - Islam Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim H. Eissa
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Metwaly
- Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Biopharmaceutical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Galal Yahya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Assem M. El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, El Saleheya El Gadida University, El Saleheya El Gadida 44813, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
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Nyagumbo E, Pote W, Shopo B, Nyirenda T, Chagonda I, Mapaya RJ, Maunganidze F, Mavengere WN, Mawere C, Mutasa I, Kademeteme E, Maroyi A, Taderera T, Bhebhe M. Medicinal plants used for the management of respiratory diseases in Zimbabwe: Review and perspectives potential management of COVID-19. PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF THE EARTH (2002) 2022; 128:103232. [PMID: 36161239 PMCID: PMC9489988 DOI: 10.1016/j.pce.2022.103232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory diseases have in the recent past become a health concern globally. More than 523 million cases of coronavirus disease (COVID19), a recent respiratory diseases have been reported, leaving more than 6 million deaths worldwide since the start of the pandemic. In Zimbabwe, respiratory infections have largely been managed using traditional (herbal) medicines, due to their low cost and ease of accessibility. This review highlights the plants' toxicological and pharmacological evaluation studies explored. It seeks to document plants that have been traditionally used in Zimbabwe to treat respiratory ailments within and beyond the past four decades. Extensive literature review based on published papers and abstracts retrieved from the online bibliographic databases, books, book chapters, scientific reports and theses available at Universities in Zimbabwe, were used in this study. From the study, there were at least 58 plant families comprising 160 medicinal plants widely distributed throughout the country. The Fabaceae family had the highest number of medicinal plant species, with a total of 21 species. A total of 12 respiratory ailments were reportedly treatable using the identified plants. From a total of 160 plants, colds were reportedly treatable with 56, pneumonia 53, coughs 34, chest pain and related conditions 29, asthma 25, tuberculosis and spots in lungs 22, unspecified respiratory conditions 20, influenza 13, bronchial problems 12, dyspnoea 7, sore throat and infections 5 and sinus clearing 1 plant. The study identified potential medicinal plants that can be utilised in future to manage respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Nyagumbo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - William Pote
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Bridgett Shopo
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Trust Nyirenda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Ignatius Chagonda
- Department of Agriculture Practice, Faculty of Agriculture, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Ruvimbo J Mapaya
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - Fabian Maunganidze
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - William N Mavengere
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Cephas Mawere
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Harare Institute of Technology, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Ian Mutasa
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Emmanuel Kademeteme
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Great Zimbabwe University, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Alfred Maroyi
- Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
| | - Tafadzwa Taderera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Physiology Unit, University of Zimbabwe, P.O. Box MP167, Mt Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Michael Bhebhe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Midlands State University, Gweru, Zimbabwe
- Ethnobiology-based Drug discovery, Research and Development Trust, Gweru, Zimbabwe
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Evaluation of Melongosides as Potential Inhibitors of NS2B-NS3 Activator-Protease of Dengue Virus (Serotype 2) by Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation Approach. J Trop Med 2022; 2022:7111786. [PMID: 36051190 PMCID: PMC9427285 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a Flavivirus infection transmitted through mosquitoes of the Aedes genus, which is known to occur in over 100 countries of the world. Dengue has no available drugs for treatment; CYD-TDV is the only vaccine thus far approved for use by a few countries in the world. In the absence of drugs and a widely approved vaccine, attention has been focused on plant-derived compounds to the discovery of a potential therapeutic for DENV. The present study aimed to determine, in silico, the binding energies of the steroidal saponins, melongosides, to NS2B-NS3 activator protease of DENV-2, which plays an essential role in the viral replication. The blind molecular docking studies carried out gave binding energies (ΔG = −kcal/mol) of melongosides B, F, G, H, N, O, and P as 7.7, 8.2, 7.6, 7.8, 8.3, 8.0, and 8.0, respectively. All the melongosides interacted with the NS3 protease part of NS2B-NS3. Melongosides B, F, and N showed interactions with His51, while melongoside G interacted with Asp75 of NS3, to be noted, these are important amino acid residues in the catalytic site of the NS3 protease. However, the 200 ns molecular dynamic simulation experiment indicates significant stability of the protein-ligand interactions with the RMSD values of 2.5 Å, thus suggesting a better docking position and no disruption of the protein-ligand structure. Taken together, melongosides need further attention for more scientific studies as a DENV inhibitory agent, which if proven, in vivo and in clinical trials, can be a useful therapeutic agent against at least DENV-2.
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Plant-Derived Natural Products as Lead Agents against Common Respiratory Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103054. [PMID: 35630531 PMCID: PMC9144277 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Never has the world been more challenged by respiratory diseases (RDs) than it has witnessed in the last few decades. This is evident in the plethora of acute and chronic respiratory conditions, ranging from asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, pneumonia, influenza, and more recently, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) disease. Unfortunately, the emergence of drug-resistant strains of pathogens, drug toxicity and side effects are drawbacks to effective chemotherapeutic management of RDs; hence, our focus on natural sources because of their unique chemical diversities and novel therapeutic applications. This review provides a summary on some common RDs, their management strategies, and the prospect of plant-derived natural products in the search for new drugs against common respiratory diseases.
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Darshani P, Sen Sarma S, Srivastava AK, Baishya R, Kumar D. Anti-viral triterpenes: a review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2022; 21:1761-1842. [PMID: 35283698 PMCID: PMC8896976 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-022-09808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are naturally occurring derivatives biosynthesized following the isoprene rule of Ruzicka. The triterpenes have been reported to possess a wide range of therapeutic applications including anti-viral properties. In this review, the recent studies (2010-2020) concerning the anti-viral activities of triterpenes have been summarized. The structure activity relationship studies have been described as well as brief biosynthesis of these triterpenes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Darshani
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Sen Sarma
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit K. Srivastava
- Cancer Biology and Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - Rinku Baishya
- Natural Product Chemistry Group, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), NH-37, Pulibor, Jorhat, Assam India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
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11
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Feunaing RT, Tamfu AN, Ntchapda F, Gade IS, Mbane MN, Tagatsing MF, Talla E, Henoumont C, Laurent S, Dinica RM. A new abietane-type diterpenoid from roots of Burkea africana Hook (Fabaceae) with α-amylase inhibitory potential. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4132-4139. [PMID: 34542365 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1976176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new abietane-type diterpenoid, rubesanolidic acid (1), alongside six known compounds including β-sitosterol (2), lupeol (3), betulinic acid (4) ursolic acid (5), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6) and stigmasterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7) were isolated from the roots of Burkea africana through column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated from spectroscopic analyses (UV, IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) data and by comparison with data from previous studies. The extract and compounds were tested for their α-amylase inhibition. The extract was more active than the isolated compounds with a percentage inhibition of 51.0 ± 2.5% at 400 µg/mL and was the only sample showing above 50% inhibition at this dose. Amongst the isolated compounds and at the dose of 400 µg/mL, the new diterpenoid Rubesanolidic acid exibited the highest percentage inhibition of α-amylase of 38.2 ± 2.0% while β-sitosterol showed the lowest inhibition of 9.6 ± 0.5%. The results indicate that B. africana is a potential source of antidiabetic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Toko Feunaing
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Alfred Ngenge Tamfu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, Galati, Romania
| | - Fidele Ntchapda
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Isaac Silvere Gade
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Martin Noah Mbane
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Emmanuel Talla
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.,Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon
| | - Celine Henoumont
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, Department of General, Organic Chemistry and Biomedical, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging, Department of General, Organic Chemistry and Biomedical, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Rodica Mihaela Dinica
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, 'Dunarea de Jos' University, Galati, Romania
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12
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Xue Z, Wang Y, Yu W, Zhang Z, Kou X. Research Advancement of Natural Active Components in Alleviating Lung Damage Induced by PM2.5. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1938602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Xue
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wancong Yu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Preservation of Agricultural Products; Key Laboratory of Storage of Agricultural Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Postharvest Physiology and Storage of Agricultural Products, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- Department of Food Science, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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13
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Hu Z, Lin J, Chen J, Cai T, Xia L, Liu Y, Song X, He Z. Overview of Viral Pneumonia Associated With Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Coronavirus, and Therapeutics Based on Natural Products of Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:630834. [PMID: 34234668 PMCID: PMC8256264 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.630834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral pneumonia has been a serious threat to global health, especially now we have dramatic challenges such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Approximately six million cases of community-acquired pneumonia occur every year, and over 20% of which need hospital admission. Influenza virus, respiratory virus, and coronavirus are the noteworthy causative agents to be investigated based on recent clinical research. Currently, anaphylactic reaction and inflammation induced by antiviral immunity can be incriminated as causative factors for clinicopathological symptoms of viral pneumonia. In this article, we illustrate the structure and related infection mechanisms of these viruses and the current status of antiviral therapies. Owing to a set of antiviral regiments with unsatisfactory clinical effects resulting from side effects, genetic mutation, and growing incidence of resistance, much attention has been paid on medicinal plants as a natural source of antiviral agents. Previous research mainly referred to herbal medicines and plant extracts with curative effects on viral infection models of influenza virus, respiratory virus, and coronavirus. This review summarizes the results of antiviral activities of various medicinal plants and their isolated substances, exclusively focusing on natural products for the treatment of the three types of pathogens that elicit pneumonia. Furthermore, we have introduced several useful screening tools to develop antiviral lead compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhong Lin
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jintao Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengxi Cai
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Xia
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xun Song
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhendan He
- School of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Ti H. Phytochemical Profiles and their Anti-inflammatory Responses Against Influenza from Traditional Chinese Medicine or Herbs. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:2153-2164. [PMID: 32767941 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200807134921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or herbs are widely used in the prevention and treatment of viral infectious diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of TCMs remain largely obscure due to complicated material basis and multi-target therapeutics. TCMs have been reported to display anti-influenza activity associated with immunoregulatory mechanisms by enhancing host antiinfluenza immune responses. Previous studies have helped us understand the direct harm caused by the virus itself. In this review, we have tried to summarize recent progress in TCM-based anti-influenza research on the indirect harmful immune responses caused by influenza viruses. In particular, the phytochemicals from TCMs responsible for molecular mechanisms of action belonging to different classes, including phenolic compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids and polysaccharides, have been identified and demonstrated. In addition, this review focuses on the pharmacological mechanism, e.g., inflammatory responses and the interferon (IFN) signaling pathway, which can provide a theoretical basis and approaches for TCM based anti-influenza treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ti
- School of Clinical Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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15
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Figueiredo GG, Coronel OA, Trabuco AC, Bazán DE, Russo RR, Alvarenga NL, Aquino VH. Steroidal saponins from the roots of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae) have inhibitory activity against dengue virus and yellow fever virus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 54:e10240. [PMID: 34008751 PMCID: PMC8130103 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2020e10240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease worldwide. Infection with any of the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes can be asymptomatic or lead to disease with clinical symptoms ranging from undifferentiated and self-limiting fever to severe dengue disease, which can be fatal in some cases. Currently, no specific antiviral compound is available for treating DENV. The aim of this study was to identify compounds in plants from Paraguayan folk medicine with inhibitory effects against DENV. We found high virucidal activity (50% maximal effective concentration (EC50) value of 24.97 µg/mL) against DENV-2 in the ethanolic extract of the roots of Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam. (Solanaceae) without an evident cytotoxic effect on Vero E6 cells. Three saponins isolated from the root extract showed virucidal effects (EC50 values ranging from 24.9 to 35.1 µg/mL) against DENV-2. Additionally, the saponins showed inhibitory activity against yellow fever virus (EC50 values ranging from 126 to 302.6 µg/mL), the prototype virus of the Flavivirus genus, suggesting that they may also be effective against other members of this genus. Consequently, these saponins may be lead compounds for the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Figueiredo
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - O A Coronel
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - A C Trabuco
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - D E Bazán
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - R R Russo
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - N L Alvarenga
- Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, National University of Asuncion, San Lorenzo, Paraguay
| | - V H Aquino
- Laboratório de Virologia, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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16
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Stalin A, Lin D, Senthamarai Kannan B, Feng Y, Wang Y, Zhao W, Ignacimuthu S, Wei DQ, Chen Y. An in-silico approach to identify the potential hot spots in SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD to block the interaction with ACE2 receptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021; 40:7408-7423. [PMID: 33685364 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1897682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel acute viral pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV-2 exploded at the end of 2019, causing a severe medical and economic crisis. For developing specific pharmacotherapy against SARS-CoV-2, an in silico virtual screening was developed for the available in-house molecules. The conserved domain analysis was performed to identify the highly conserved and exposed amino acid regions in the SARS-CoV-2-S RBD sites. The Protein-Protein interaction analyses demonstrated the higher affinity between the SARS-CoV-2-S and ACE2 due to varieties of significant interactions between them. The computational alanine scanning mutation study has recognized the highly stabilized amino acids in the SARS-CoV-2-S RBD/ACE2 complex. The cumulative sequence investigations have inferred that Lys417, Phe486, Asn487, Tyr489, and Gln493 are perhaps the iconic target amino acids to develop a drug molecule or vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Most of the selected compounds include luteolin, zhebeirine, 3-dehydroverticine, embelin, andrographolide, ophiopogonin D, crocin-1, sprengerinin A, B, C, peimine, etc. were exhibited distinguish drug actions through the strong hydrogen bonding with the hot spots of the RBD. Besides, the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation and free energy binding analysis showed the significant efficacy of luteolin to inhibit the infection of SARS-CoV-2.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Stalin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yue Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Dong-Qing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China.,Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P.R China
| | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Ling Y, Zhu Y, Gan Q, Li G, Luo Z, Pan Y, Zhao L, Lei Z, He X, Zeng M, Liu W. Rapid Screening and Characterization of Triterpene Saponins from the Root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Electrospray Ionization and Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:16-25. [PMID: 33621321 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Triterpene saponins (TSs) are important bioactive constituents with structural diversity widely distributed in many plants. The root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb (RPa) has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. However, TSs as the main active ingredients in RPa have not been fully characterized. Here, we profiled TSs from RPa by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). We tentatively identified 29 TSs, including 13 that had not been reported previously from this plant. This study indicates that HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS is an effective and rapid method for the characterization of complicated TSs in herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Gan
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guilan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zefan Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhineng Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin He
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, People's Republic of China
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18
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Li H, Cheng C, Li S, Wu Y, Liu Z, Liu M, Chen J, Zhong Q, Zhang X, Liu S, Song G. Discovery and structural optimization of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl oleanane-type triterpenoids as potent entry inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 215:113242. [PMID: 33588180 PMCID: PMC7869707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Currently, SARS-CoV-2 virus is an emerging pathogen that has posed a serious threat to public health worldwide. However, no agents have been approved to treat SARS-CoV-2 infections to date, underscoring the great need for effective and practical therapies for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. We reported that a focused screen of OA saponins identified 3-O-β-chacotriosyl OA benzyl ester 2 as a novel small molecule inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 virus entry, via binding to SARS-CoV-2 glycoprotein (S). We performed structure-activity relationship profiling of 2 and discovered C-17-COOH of OA was an important modification site that improved both inhibitor potency toward SARS-CoV-2 and selectivity index. Then optimization from hit to lead resulted in a potent fusion inhibitor 12f displaying strong inhibition against infectious SARS-CoV-2 with an IC50 value of 0.97 μM in vitro. Mechanism studies confirmed that inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry of 12f was mediated by the direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit to block membrane fusion. These 3-O-β-chacotriosyl OA amide saponins are suitable for further optimization as SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors with the potential to be developed as therapeutic agents for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Sumei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafet Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingjian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xuesha Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Gaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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19
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Li S, Jia X, Li H, Ye Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Guo G, Liu S, Song G. Structure-aided optimization of 3-O-β-chacotriosyl epiursolic acid derivatives as novel H5N1 virus entry inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127518. [PMID: 32882419 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop new antiviral agents due to the continuous emergence of drug-resistant strains of influenza virus. Our earlier studies have identified that certain pentacyclic triterpene saponins with 3-O-β-chacotriosyl residue are novel H5N1 virus entry inhibitors. In the present study, a series of C-28 modified 3-O-β-chacotriosyl epiursolic acid derivatives via conjugation with different kinds of sides were synthesized, of which anti-H5N1 activities in A549 cells were evaluated in vitro. Among them, 10 exhibited strongest anti-H5N1 potency at the low-micromole level without cytotoxicity, surpassing the potency of ribavirin. Further mechanism studies of the lead compound 10 based on HI, SPR and molecular modeling revealed that these new 3-epiursolic acid saponins could bind tightly to the viral envelope HA protein, thus blocking the invasion of H5N1 viruses into host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiuhua Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yilu Ye
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuesha Zhang
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yongfeng Gao
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guoqing Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Gaopeng Song
- College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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20
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Cock IE, Van Vuuren SF. The traditional use of southern African medicinal plants in the treatment of viral respiratory diseases: A review of the ethnobotany and scientific evaluations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113194. [PMID: 32730880 PMCID: PMC7384428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Viral respiratory infections are amongst the most common infections globally, with most of the world's population contracting at least one infection annually. Numerous plant species are used in traditional southern African healing systems to treat these diseases and to alleviate the symptoms. Despite this, the therapeutic potential of these plants against viral respiratory diseases remains poorly explored. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to document the southern African plant species used in traditional medicine to treat viral respiratory infections. We also examined the extent of scientific evaluations of southern African plant species against the respiratory-infective viruses, with the aim of stimulating interest in this area and focusing on future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook an extensive review of ethnobotanical books, reviews and primary scientific studies to identify southern African plants which are used in traditional southern African medicine to treat viral respiratory diseases. This information was used to identify gaps in the current research that require further study. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-seven southern African plant species were identified as traditional therapies for viral respiratory diseases. Surprisingly, only one of those species (as well as twenty-one other species not recorded for these purposes) has been evaluated for the ability to block respiratory virus production. Furthermore, most of these studies screened against a single viral strain and none of those studies examined the mechanism of action of the plant preparations. CONCLUSIONS Despite well documented records of the use of southern African plants to treat respiratory viral diseases, the field is poorly explored. Nearly all of the plant species used in traditional healing systems to treat these diseases are yet to be tested. Substantial further work is required to verify the efficacy of these traditional medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - Sandy F Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
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21
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Lammel C, Zwirchmayr J, Seigner J, Rollinger JM, de Martin R. Peucedanum ostruthium Inhibits E-Selectin and VCAM-1 Expression in Endothelial Cells through Interference with NF-κB Signaling. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1215. [PMID: 32825714 PMCID: PMC7563923 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty natural remedies traditionally used against different inflammatory diseases were probed for their potential to suppress the expression of the inflammatory markers E-selectin and VCAM-1 in a model system of IL-1 stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). One third of the tested extracts showed in vitro inhibitory effects comparable to the positive control oxozeaenol, an inhibitor of TAK1. Among them, the extract derived from the roots and rhizomes of Peucedanum ostruthium (i.e., Radix Imperatoriae), also known as masterwort, showed a pronounced and dose-dependent inhibitory effect. Reporter gene analysis demonstrated that inhibition takes place on the transcriptional level and involves the transcription factor NF-κB. A more detailed analysis revealed that the P. ostruthium extract (PO) affected the phosphorylation, degradation, and resynthesis of IκBα, the activation of IKKs, and the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit RelA. Strikingly, early effects on this pathway were less affected as compared to later ones, suggesting that PO may act on mechanism(s) that are downstream of nuclear translocation. As the majority of cognate NF-κB inhibitors affect upstream events such as IKK2, these findings could indicate the existence of targetable signaling events at later stages of NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Lammel
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
| | - Julia Zwirchmayr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jaqueline Seigner
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
| | - Judith M. Rollinger
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Rainer de Martin
- Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstaße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (C.L.); (J.S.); (R.d.M.)
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22
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Rehan M, Shafiullah, Mir SA. Structural diversity, natural sources, and pharmacological potential of plant-based saponins with special focus on anticancer activity: a review. Med Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02600-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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23
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Zhang Z, Morris‐Natschke SL, Cheng Y, Lee K, Li R. Development of anti‐influenza agents from natural products. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2290-2338. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi‐Jun Zhang
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
| | - Susan L. Morris‐Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Yung‐Yi Cheng
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Kuo‐Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University and Hospital Taichung Taiwan
| | - Rong‐Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming China
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24
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Lipničanová S, Chmelová D, Ondrejovič M, Frecer V, Miertuš S. Diversity of sialidases found in the human body - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 148:857-868. [PMID: 31945439 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sialidases are enzymes essential for numerous organisms including humans. Hydrolytic sialidases (EC 3.2.1.18), trans-sialidases and anhydrosialidases (intramolecular trans-sialidases, EC 4.2.2.15) are glycoside hydrolase enzymes that cleave the glycosidic linkage and release sialic acid residues from sialyl substrates. The paper summarizes diverse sialidases present in the human body and their potential impact on development of antiviral compounds - inhibitors of viral neuraminidases. It includes a brief overview of catalytic mechanisms of action of sialidases and describes the origin of sialidases in the human body. This is followed by description of the structure and function of sialidase families with a special focus on the GH33 and GH34 families. Various effects of sialidases on human body are also briefly described. Modulation of sialidase activity may be considered a useful tool for effective treatment of various diseases. In some cases, it is desired to completely suppress the activity of sialidases by suitable inhibitors. Specific sialidase inhibitors are useful for the treatment of influenza, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, different types of cancer, or heart defects. Challenges and future directions are shortly depicted in the final part of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Lipničanová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Chmelová
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Miroslav Ondrejovič
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia.
| | - Vladimír Frecer
- Department of Physical Chemistry of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, SK-83232 Bratislava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Stanislav Miertuš
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Nám. J. Herdu 2, SK-91701 Trnava, Slovakia; ICARST n.o., Jamnického 19, SK-84101, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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25
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Bitchi MB, Magid AA, Yao-Kouassi PA, Kabran FA, Harakat D, Martinez A, Morjani H, Tonzibo FZ, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L. Triterpene saponins from the roots of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104264. [PMID: 31299275 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Five undescribed triterpene-type saponins, parkibicolorosides A-E, a cassane-type diterpene, and a known trimethoxy benzene glucoside were isolated from the roots of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. Their structures were elucidated by different spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR experiments as well as HR-ESI-MS analysis. Their cytotoxic activity against the chronic myeloid leukemia (K562) cell line was evaluated. The monosaccharides saponins exhibited a moderate antiproliferative activity with IC50 ranging from 48.49 ± 0.16 to 81.66 ± 0.17 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boni Bitchi
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France; Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | | | - Philomène Akoua Yao-Kouassi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Faustin Aka Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire
| | - Dominique Harakat
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Agathe Martinez
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, CNRS, ICMR UMR 7312, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Hamid Morjani
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, BioSpect EA 7506, 51097 Reims, France
| | - Félix Zanahi Tonzibo
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, UFR Sciences des Structures de la Matière et Technologie, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d'Ivoire.
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26
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Sun C, Wu Y, Jiang B, Peng Y, Wang M, Li J, Li X. Chemical components from Metapanax delavayi leaves and their anti-BHP activities in vitro. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 160:56-60. [PMID: 30711571 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two previously undescribed oleanane-type triterpene saponins named liangwanosides III-IV, and one undescribed eudesmane glycoside named liangwanoside A were obtained from the leaves of Metapanax delavayi, a Chinese folk medicine especially for tea used in Yunnan, together with four known compounds. The structures of the undescribed compounds were determined by detailed spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR), HR-ESI-MS data analysis and chemical evidence. The activity against human benign prostate hyperplasia was evaluated with BPH-1 cell line. Most of the isolated compounds showed moderate inhibitory activity against BPH-1 cells at 100 and 50 μM in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhi Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yang Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Dali University, Dali, 671000, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Jiaxun Li
- Lanping County Bureau of Agriculture, Lanping, 671400, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
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27
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Kirchweger B, Kratz JM, Ladurner A, Grienke U, Langer T, Dirsch VM, Rollinger JM. In Silico Workflow for the Discovery of Natural Products Activating the G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1. Front Chem 2018; 6:242. [PMID: 30013964 PMCID: PMC6036132 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The G protein-coupled bile acid receptor (GPBAR1) has been recognized as a promising new target for the treatment of diverse diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis. The identification of novel and potent GPBAR1 agonists is highly relevant, as these diseases are on the rise and pharmacological unmet therapeutic needs are pervasive. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a proficient workflow for the in silico prediction of GPBAR1 activating compounds, primarily from natural sources. A protocol was set up, starting with a comprehensive collection of structural information of known ligands. This information was used to generate ligand-based pharmacophore models in LigandScout 4.08 Advanced. After theoretical validation, the two most promising models, namely BAMS22 and TTM8, were employed as queries for the virtual screening of natural product and synthetic small molecule databases. Virtual hits were progressed to shape matching experiments and physicochemical clustering. Out of 33 diverse virtual hits subjected to experimental testing using a reporter gene-based assay, two natural products, farnesiferol B (27) and microlobidene (28), were confirmed as GPBAR1 activators reaching more than 50% receptor activation at 20 μM with EC50s of 13.53 μM and 13.88 μM, respectively. This activity is comparable to that of the endogenous ligand lithocholic acid (1). Seven further virtual hits showed activity reaching at least 15% receptor activation either at 5 or 20 μM, including new scaffolds from natural and synthetic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadel M. Kratz
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Angela Ladurner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Grienke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M. Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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