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Lee J, Song Y, Kim YA, Kim I, Cha J, Lee SW, Ko Y, Kim CS, Kim S, Lee S. Characterization of a new selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator with anorexigenic activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7844. [PMID: 38570726 PMCID: PMC10991430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58546-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a worldwide epidemic, leads to various metabolic disorders threatening human health. In response to stress or fasting, glucocorticoid (GC) levels are elevated to promote food intake. This involves GC-induced expression of the orexigenic neuropeptides in agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) via the GC receptor (GR). Here, we report a selective GR modulator (SGRM) that suppresses GR-induced transcription of genes with non-classical glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) such as Agrp-GRE, but not with classical GREs, and via this way may serve as a novel anti-obesity agent. We have identified a novel SGRM, 2-O-trans-p-coumaroylalphitolic acid (Zj7), a triterpenoid extracted from the Ziziphus jujube plant, that selectively suppresses GR transcriptional activity in Agrp-GRE without affecting classical GREs. Zj7 reduces the expression of orexigenic genes in the ARC and exerts a significant anorexigenic effect with weight loss in both high fat diet-induced obese and genetically obese db/db mouse models. Transcriptome analysis showed that Zj7 represses the expression of a group of orexigenic genes including Agrp and Npy induced by the synthetic GR ligand dexamethasone (Dex) in the hypothalamus. Taken together, Zj7, as a selective GR modulator, showed beneficial metabolic activities, in part by suppressing GR activity in non-classical GREs in orexigenic genes. This study demonstrates that a potential anorexigenic molecule may allow GRE-specific inhibition of GR transcriptional activity, which is a promising approach for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junekyoung Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yeonghun Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Young A Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Intae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Jooseon Cha
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Su Won Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Yoonae Ko
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Natural Information Sciences, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul, 02748, Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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Hwang S, Park S, Kim JH, Bang SB, Kim HJ, Ka NL, Ko Y, Kim SS, Lim GY, Lee S, Shin YK, Park SY, Kim S, Lee MO. Targeting HMG-CoA synthase 2 suppresses tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer growth by augmenting mitochondrial oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Life Sci 2023:121827. [PMID: 37276910 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In this study, we aimed to investigate previously unrecognized lipid metabolic perturbations in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (BC) by conducting comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. We identified the role of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutary-coenzyme-A-synthase 2 (HMGCS2), a key enzyme responsible for ketogenesis, in tamoxifen-resistant BC growth. MAIN METHODS Comprehensive metabolomics (CE-TOFMS, LC-TOFMS) and transcriptiomics analysis were performed to characterize metabolic pathways in tamoxifen-resistant BC cells. The upregulation of HMGCS2 were verified thorugh immunohistochemistry (IHC) in clinical samples obtained from patients with recurrent BC. HMGCS2 inhibitor was discovered through surface plasmon resonance analysis, enzyme assay, and additional molecular docking studies. The effect of HMGCS2 suppression on tumor growth was studied thorugh BC xenograft model, and intratumoral lipid metabolites were analyzed via MALDI-TOFMS imaging. KEY FINDINGS We revealed that the level of HMGCS2 was highly elevated in both tamoxifen-resistant T47D sublines (T47D/TR) and clinical refractory tumor specimens from patients with ER+ breast cancer, who had been treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Suppression of HMGCS2 in T47D/TR resulted in the accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and apoptotic cell death. Further, we identified alphitolic acid, a triterpenoid natural product, as a novel HMGCS2-specific inhibitor that elevated mtROS levels and drastically retarded the growth of T47D/TR in in vitro and in vivo experiments. SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced ketogenesis with upregulation of HMGCS2 is a potential metabolic vulnerability of tamoxifen-resistant BC that offers a new therapeutic opportunity for treating patients with ER+ BC that are refractory to tamoxifen treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sewon Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Beom Bang
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Lee Ka
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonae Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Su Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Young Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kee Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sanghee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Bio-MAX institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Chen Y, Shen SM, Yang M, Su MZ, Wang XM, Guo YW. Chemical and biological studies of Daphniphyllum oldhamii from Hunan Province, China. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 199:113170. [PMID: 35367212 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The fruits, twigs and leaves of Daphniphyllum oldhamii (Hemsl.) K. Rosenthal, collected from Longshan County, Hunan Province, China, were chemically investigated. Three undescribed daphniphyllum alkaloids, namely longshanoldhamines A‒C, and six known related ones have been isolated from the fruits, whereas two undescribed triterpenoids and one undescribed lignan, along with six known triterpenoids, were found in the twigs and leaves. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and comparison with the reported data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, China
| | - Shou-Mao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmacy, Yancheng Teachers' University, Yancheng, 224002, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming-Zhi Su
- Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264000, China
| | | | - Yue-Wei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; Drug Discovery Shandong Laboratory, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai, 264000, China.
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Zhang YA, Gu X, Wendlandt AE. A Change from Kinetic to Thermodynamic Control Enables trans-Selective Stereochemical Editing of Vicinal Diols. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:599-605. [PMID: 34928134 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the selective, catalytic isomerization of cis-1,2-diols to trans-diequatorial-1,2-diols. The method employs triphenylsilanethiol (Ph3SiSH) as a catalyst and proceeds under mild conditions in the presence of a photoredox catalyst and under blue light irradiation. The method is highly chemoselective, broadly functional group tolerant and provides concise access to trans-diol products which are not readily obtained using other methods. Mechanistic studies reveal that isomerization proceeds through a reversible hydrogen atom transfer pathway mediated by the silanethiol catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Alison E Wendlandt
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Sim M, Yoon JM, Kim S, Kim K, Han YT. Synthesis of the proposed structure of sibiriaester B and evaluation of its immunomodulatory properties. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myeonghyeon Sim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
| | - Jeong Min Yoon
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
| | - Soobin Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
| | - Kwangmi Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology, College of Pharmacy Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
| | - Young Taek Han
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy Dankook University Cheonan South Korea
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Song KN, Lu YJ, Chu CJ, Wu YN, Huang HL, Fan BY, Chen GT. Biotransformation of Betulonic Acid by the Fungus Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 and Antineuroinflammatory Activity of the Biotransformation Products. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2664-2674. [PMID: 34546050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biotransformation of betulonic acid (1) by Rhizopus arrhizus CGMCC 3.868 resulted in the production of 16 new (3, 5, 6, and 9-21) and five known compounds. Structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of spectroscopic data. Hydroxylation, acetylation, oxygenation, glycosylation, and addition reactions involved the C-20-C-29 double bond. Antineuroinflammatory activities of the obtained compounds in NO production were tested in lipopolysaccharides-induced BV-2 cells. Compared with the substrate betulonic acid, biotransformation products 3, 8, 9, 14, and 21 exhibited an improved inhibitory effect, with IC50 values of 10.26, 11.09, 5.38, 1.55, and 4.69 μM, lower than that of the positive control, NG-monomethyl-l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Nan Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Jia Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Jiao Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ni Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Lian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 818 Xingwan Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo-Yi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Tong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
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Ruan J, Sun F, Hao M, Han L, Yu H, Lin F, Wang L, Cao G, Zhang Y, Wang T. Structurally diverse triterpenes obtained from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. as inflammation inhibitors by NF-κB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2021; 12:4496-4503. [PMID: 33885123 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo00117e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-nine triterpenes were obtained from the fruits of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. through various chromatography methods, and their stereo-structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. Among them, 2α,3β,20-trihydroxylupane-28-oic acid (1) was identified as a new compound, and the 1H and 13C NMR data of 7, 8 and 23, as well as the 13C NMR data of 17 are reported here for the first time. Meanwhile, the nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory activities of all compounds were examined in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. As results, compounds 2, 7, 10-13, 15, 16, 18-21, 26-29 were found to play important roles in suppressing NO production at 5 μM. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) on NO inhibition indicated that the ursolic and oleanolic acid skeletons, p-coumaroyl group substitution, six-membered A ring, and deoxygenation (loss of C[double bond, length as m-dash]O) in the C ring showed a more positive effect on the NO inhibitory activity of triterpenes, while the reduction of the A ring C[double bond, length as m-dash]O to OH was a negative factor. Moreover, it was found that compounds 15 and 19 could suppress the phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB/p65 to prevent it from shifting into the nucleus and downregulate the expression of inflammatory factors, such as iNOS, IL-6 and TNF-α. Our investigations revealed that the NO inhibitory effects of the active triterpenes obtained from Z. jujuba were mediated, at least in part, through the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, West Area, Tuanbo New Town, Jinghai District, 301617, Tianjin, China. zhwwxzh@ tjutcm.edu.cn
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Zhang R, Song Z, Wang X, Xue J, Xing D. One-step modification to identify dual-inhibitors targeting both pancreatic triglyceride lipase and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 216:113358. [PMID: 33725656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic triglyceride lipase (PTL) and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1) have been identified as attractive therapeutic targets for obesity and hypercholesteremia, respectively. Obesity and hypercholesteremia usually co-exist, however no dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1 were reported for the treatment of obesity patients with hypercholesteremia so far. In this work, molecular hybridization-based one-step modification screening identified a potent dual-inhibitor against PTL and NPC1L1. Compound P1-11 has IC50 values of 2.1 μM against PTL through covalent binding, as well as significantly reduces cholesterol absorption in a non-competitive inhibitory manner. Molecule docking and molecular dynamics studies revealed the reason of its activity to both PTL and NPC1L1. Moreover, the gene and protein expression levels of PTL and NPC1L1 were also determined respectively after the treatment of P1-11. Development of dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1 could provide novel treatment options for obesity patients with hypercholesteremia. The results of current research would great support the development of dual-inhibitors against PTL and NPC1L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renshuai Zhang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China.
| | - Zhengming Song
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Xueting Wang
- Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Jiao Xue
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Yin F, Feng F, Wang L, Wang X, Li Z, Cao Y. SREBP-1 inhibitor Betulin enhances the antitumor effect of Sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma via restricting cellular glycolytic activity. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:672. [PMID: 31511501 PMCID: PMC6739379 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1884-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism that correlates tightly to the glucose metabolic regulation in malignant cells includes hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. The transcription factor Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 (SREBP-1), a regulator of fatty acid synthesis, has been shown to pivotally regulate the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells. However, the intrinsic mechanism by which SREBP-1 regulates the survival of HCC cells remains unclear. In this study, among HCC patients who had dismal responses to Sorafenib, a high SREBP-1 level was found in the tumors and correlated to poor survival. This observation suggested the negative role of SREBP-1 in clinical HCC prognosis. Our mechanistical studies reveal that the inhibition of SREBP-1 via its inhibitor Betulin suppresses cellular glucose metabolism. In addition to the reduced glycolytic activity, a thwarted metastatic potential was observed in HCC cells upon Betulin administration. Moreover, our data show that SREBP-1 inhibition facilitated the antitumor effects of Sorafenib on HCC cells and xenograft tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yin
- Department of Oncology, the Second Medical Centre & National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Disease, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Center for Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100039, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100843, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongwei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100843, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Immunology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, 33612, Tampa, FL, USA.
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