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Przybylski P, Żebrowski M, Witkowski W, Cybularczyk-Cecotka M, Litwinienko G. Antioxidant Activity of Bilirubin in Micellar and Liposomal Systems Is pH-Dependent. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:426. [PMID: 38671874 PMCID: PMC11047478 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin (BR), a product of heme catabolism, plays a critical role in biological systems. Although increased levels of BR result in hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice, there is increasing evidence that lower concentrations substantially decrease the risk of oxidative stress-mediated diseases due to antioxidant functions of BR. We studied the radical-trapping ability of BR in two model systems, micellar and liposomal, at a broad pH range. At pH < 6.0, BR behaves as a retardant; however, at pH ≥ 6.0, BR becomes strong radical trapping antioxidant, with rate constants for reaction with lipidperoxyl radicals (kinh) within the range from 1.2 × 104 M-1 s-1 to 3.5 × 104 M-1 s-1, and in liposomal system, the activity of BR is comparable to α-tocopherol. This transition is likely facilitated by the ionization of carboxyl groups, leading to a conformational shift in BR and improved solubility/localization at the water/lipid interface. This is the first experimental evidence of the role of pH on the antioxidant activity of bilirubin, and the observed pH-dependent radical-trapping ability of BR holds practical significance, particularly in jaundice treatment where light therapy targets the skin's weakly acidic surface. Minor adjustments toward neutral or alkaline pH can enhance radical-trapping action of BR, thereby mitigating oxidative stress induced with blue or violet light exposure.
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Najafiyan B, Bokaii Hosseini Z, Esmaelian S, Firuzpour F, Rahimipour Anaraki S, Kalantari L, Hheidari A, Mesgari H, Nabi-Afjadi M. Unveiling the potential effects of resveratrol in lung cancer treatment: Mechanisms and nanoparticle-based drug delivery strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116207. [PMID: 38295754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer ranks among the most prevalent forms of cancer and remains a significant factor in cancer-related mortality across the world. It poses significant challenges to healthcare systems and society as a whole due to its high incidence, mortality rates, and late-stage diagnosis. Resveratrol (RV), a natural compound found in various plants, has shown potential as a nanomedicine for lung cancer treatment. RV has varied effects on cancer cells, including promoting apoptosis by increasing pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax and Bak) and decreasing anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2). It also hinders cell proliferation by influencing important signaling pathways (MAPK, mTOR, PI3K/Akt, and Wnt/β-catenin) that govern cancer progression. In addition, RV acts as a potent antioxidant, diminishing oxidative stress and safeguarding cells against DNA damage. However, using RV alone in cancer treatment has drawbacks, such as low bioavailability, lack of targeting ability, and susceptibility to degradation. In contrast, nanoparticle-based delivery systems address these limitations and hold promise for improving treatment outcomes in lung cancer; nanoparticle formulations of RV offer advantages such as improved drug delivery, increased stability, controlled release, and targeted delivery to lung cancer cells. This article will provide an overview of lung cancer, explore the potential of RV as a therapeutic agent, discuss the benefits and challenges of nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and highlight the promise of RV nanoparticles for cancer treatment, including lung cancer. By optimizing these systems for clinical application, future studies aim to enhance overall treatment outcomes and improve the prognosis for lung cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Najafiyan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Firuzpour
- Student of Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Leila Kalantari
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Hheidari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Mesgari
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Nabi-Afjadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Siano F, Sammarco AS, Fierro O, Castaldo D, Caruso T, Picariello G, Vasca E. Insights into the Structure-Capacity of Food Antioxidant Compounds Assessed Using Coulometry. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1963. [PMID: 38001816 PMCID: PMC10669202 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
CDAC (coulometrically determined antioxidant capacity) involves the determination of the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds or their mixtures using constant-current coulometry, with electrogenerated Br2 as the titrant, and biamperometric detection of the endpoint via Br2 excess. CDAC is an accurate, sensitive, rapid, and cheap measurement of the mol electrons (mol e-) transferred in a redox process. In this study, the CDAC of 48 individual antioxidants commonly found in foods has been determined. The molar ratio CDAC (CDACχ, mol e- mol-1) of representative antioxidants is ranked as follows: tannic acid > malvidin-3-O-glucoside ≃ curcumin > quercetin > catechin ≃ ellagic acid > gallic acid > tyrosol > BHT ≃ hydroxytyrosol > chlorogenic acid ≃ ascorbic acid ≃ Trolox®. In many cases, the CDACχ ranking of the flavonoids did not comply with the structural motifs that promote electron or hydrogen atom transfers, known as the Bors criteria. As an accurate esteem of the stoichiometric coefficients for reactions of antioxidants with Br2, the CDACχ provides insights into the structure-activity relationships underlying (electro)chemical reactions. The electrochemical ratio (ER), defined as the antioxidant capacity of individual compounds relative to ascorbic acid, represents a dimensionless nutritional index that can be used to estimate the antioxidant power of any foods on an additive basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Siano
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Anna Sofia Sammarco
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Olga Fierro
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Domenico Castaldo
- Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (SSEA), Azienda Speciale CCIAA di Reggio Calabria, Via G. Tommasini 2, 89125 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy, Via Molise 2, 00187 Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e ProdAl Scarl, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Tonino Caruso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze dell’Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100 Avellino, Italy; (F.S.); (O.F.)
| | - Ermanno Vasca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Biologia “A. Zambelli”, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (A.S.S.); (T.C.)
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Pan W, Giovanardi I, Sagynova T, Cariola A, Bresciani V, Masetti M, Valgimigli L. Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activity of Butein and Homobutein Probed by Molecular Kinetic and Mechanistic Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1763. [PMID: 37760066 PMCID: PMC10525132 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Butein (BU) and homobutein (HB) are bioactive polyhydroxylated chalcones widespread in dietary plants, whose antioxidant properties require mechanistic definition. They were investigated by inhibited autoxidation kinetic studies of methyl linoleate in Triton™ X-100 micelles at pH 7.4, 37 °C. Butein had kinh = (3.0 ± 0.9) × 104 M-1s-1 showing a chain-breaking mechanism with higher antioxidant activity than reference α-tocopherol (kinh = (2.2 ± 0.6) × 104 M-1s-1), particularly concerning the stoichiometry or peroxyl radical trapping n = 3.7 ± 1.1 vs. 2.0 for tocopherol. Homobutein had kinh = (2.8 ± 0.9) × 103 M-1s-1, pairing the relative BDEOH measured by radical equilibration EPR as 78.4 ± 0.2 kcal/mol for BU and estimated as 82.6 kcal/mol for HB. The inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase (mTYR) by HB and BU was also investigated. BU gives a reversible uncompetitive inhibition of monophenolase reaction with KI' = 9.95 ± 2.69 µM and mixed-type diphenolase inhibition with KI = 3.30 ± 0.75 µM and KI' = 18.75 ± 5.15 µM, while HB was nearly competitive toward both mono- and diphenolase with respective KI of 2.76 ± 0.70 µM and 2.50 ± 1.56 µM. IC50 values (monophenolase/diphenolase at 1 mM substrate) were 10.88 ± 2.19 µM/15.20 ± 1.25 µM, 14.78 ± 1.05 µM/12.36 ± 2.00 µM, and 33.14 ± 5.03 µM/18.27 ± 3.42 µM, respectively, for BU, HB, and reference kojic acid. Molecular docking studies confirmed the mechanism. Results indicate very potent antioxidant activity for BU and potent anti-tyrosinase activity for both chalcones, which is discussed in relation to bioactivity toward protection from skin disorders and food oxidative spoilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Pan
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giovanardi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Tomiris Sagynova
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Alice Cariola
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
| | - Veronica Bresciani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Computational and Chemical Biology, Italian Institute of Technology, Via Enrico Melen 83, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Matteo Masetti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Valgimigli
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via P. Gobetti 85, 40129 Bologna, Italy
- Tecnopolo di Rimini, Via Dario Campana 71, 47922 Rimini, Italy
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Konopko A, Litwinienko G. Mutual Activation of Two Radical Trapping Agents: Unusual "Win-Win Synergy" of Resveratrol and TEMPO during Scavenging of dpph • Radical in Methanol. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15530-15538. [PMID: 36321638 PMCID: PMC9680031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (dpph•) with resveratrol in methanol (kMeOH = 192 M-1 s-1) is greatly accelerated in the presence of stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO• (kmixMeOH = 1.4 × 103 M-1 s-1). This synergistic effect is surprising because TEMPO• alone reacts with dpph• relatively slowly (kS = 31 M-1 s-1 in methanol and 0.03 M-1 s-1 in nonpolar ethyl acetate). We propose a putative mechanism in which a mutual activation occurs within the acid-base pair TEMPO•/RSV to the resveratrol (RSV) anion and TEMPOH•+ radical cation, both being extremely fast scavengers of the dpph• radical. The fast initial reaction is followed by a much slower but continuous decay of dpph• because a nitroxyl radical is recovered from the TEMPOnium cation, which is reduced directly by RSV/RSV- to TEMPO• or recovered indirectly via a reaction with methanol, producing TEMPOH subsequently oxidized by dpph• to TEMPO•.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Konopko
- Faculty
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, Warsaw02-093, Poland,Polish
Academy of Sciences, Nencki Institute of
Experimental Biology, Pasteura 3, Warsaw02-093, Poland
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Cariola A, El Chami M, Granatieri J, Valgimigli L. Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity of Meroterpene Bakuchiol from Psoralea corylifolia (L.). Food Chem 2022; 405:134953. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Scurti S, Caretti D, Mollica F, Di Antonio E, Amorati R. Chain-Breaking Antioxidant and Peroxyl Radical Trapping Activity of Phenol-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061163. [PMID: 35740061 PMCID: PMC9219998 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are important materials for biomedical applications, and phenol capping is a common procedure to passivate their surface. As phenol capped SPION have been reported to behave as antioxidants, herein, we investigate the mechanism underlying this activity by studying the reaction with alkyl peroxyl (ROO•) radicals. SPION were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III), using phenolic antioxidants (gallic acid, Trolox and nordihydroguaiaretic acid) as post-synthesis capping agents and by different purification procedures. The reactivity of ROO• was investigated by inhibited autoxidation studies, using styrene as an oxidizable substrate (solvent MeCN, 30 °C) and azo-bis(isobutyronitrile) as a radical initiator. While unprotected, bare SPION behaved as prooxidant, accelerating the O2 consumption of styrene autoxidation, phenol capping provided a variable antioxidant effect that was dependent upon the purification degree of the material. Thoroughly washed SPION, containing from 7% to 14% (w/w) of phenols, had a low reactivity toward peroxyl radicals, while SPION with a higher phenol content (46% to 55%) showed a strong radical trapping activity. Our results indicate that the antioxidant activity of phenol-capped SPION can be caused by its release in a solution of weakly bound phenols, and that purification plays a major role in determining the properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Scurti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, UdR INSTM of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Daniele Caretti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, UdR INSTM of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (S.S.); (D.C.)
| | - Fabio Mollica
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Erika Di Antonio
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.A.)
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, Via San Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (F.M.); (E.D.A.)
- Correspondence:
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