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Hou JC, Jiang J, Wen YC, Zeng YY, Lu YH, Wang JS, Ou LJ, He WM. Paired Electrolysis-Enabled Arylation of Quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6117-6125. [PMID: 38654588 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The first paired electrolysis-enabled arylation of quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones was achieved using cyanoarenes as the arylation reagents. A variety of 3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones with various important functional groups were obtained in moderate to good yields under metal- and chemical oxidant-free conditions. With a pair of reductive and oxidative processes occurring among the substrates and reaction intermediates, the power consumption can be dramatically reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan-Cui Wen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yan-Yan Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Yu-Han Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Jia-Sheng Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
| | - Li-Juan Ou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
| | - Wei-Min He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
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2
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Yang M, Jiang R, Mu Y, Hong Y, Wan Y, Hou J, Tang D. Electrochemical cycloaddition of hydrazones with cyanamide for the synthesis of substituted 5-amine-1,2,4-triazoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2303-2306. [PMID: 36745484 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06277a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An eco-friendly and efficient electrochemical method for the synthesis of 5-amine-1,2,4-triazole derivatives has been developed by employing hydrazones or in situ generation of hydrazones with cyanamide using KI as the catalyst and electrolyte. This strategy could be smoothly conducted with simple reaction conditions at room temperature without the addition of a chemical oxidant in an undivided cell, and cyanamide has been proven to be of great value in electrosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Yang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, No. 18 Jiangyuan Road, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yangxiu Mu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yu Hong
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Yaya Wan
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Jing Hou
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of Chemical and Material Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, No. 18 Jiangyuan Road, Quzhou 324002, Zhejiang, China.,Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and ForestryScience, Yinchuan, P. R. China.
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3
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Fitzgerald SA, Xiao X, Zhao J, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Knighton RC, Ward BD, Pope SJA. Organometallic Platinum(II) Photosensitisers that Demonstrate Ligand-Modulated Triplet-Triplet Annihilation Energy Upconversion Efficiencies. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203241. [PMID: 36394514 PMCID: PMC10107691 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-phenylquinoxaline ligands have been synthesised that introduce either CF3 or OCF3 electron-withdrawing groups at different positions of the phenyl ring. These ligands were investigated as cyclometalating reagents for platinum(II) to give neutral complexes of the form [Pt(C^N)(acac)] (in which C^N=cyclometalating ligand; acac=acetyl acetonate). X-ray crystallographic studies on three examples showed that the complexes adopt an approximate square planar geometry. All examples revealed strong Pt-Pt linear contacts of 3.2041(6), 3.2199(3) and 3.2586(2) Å. The highly coloured complexes display efficient visible absorption at 400-500 nm (ϵ ≈5000 M-1 cm-1 ) and orange red photoluminescent characteristics (λem =603-620 nm; Φem ≤37 %), which were subtly tuned by the ligand. Triplet emitting character was confirmed by microsecond luminescence lifetimes and the photogeneration of singlet oxygen with quantum efficiencies up to 57 %. Each complex was investigated as a photosensitiser for triplet-triplet annihilation energy upconversion using 9,10-diphenylanthracene as the annihilator species: a range of good upconversion efficiencies (ΦUC 5.9-14.1 %) were observed and shown to be strongly influenced by the ligand structure in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A Fitzgerald
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Xiao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, P.R. China
| | - Peter N Horton
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Simon J Coles
- UK National Crystallographic Service, Chemistry, University of Southampton Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C Knighton
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Benjamin D Ward
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Simon J A Pope
- School of Chemistry, Main Building, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
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Shen L, Yuan JW, Zhang B, Song SY, Yang LR, Xiao YM, Zhang SR, Qu LB. Photoredox-catalyzed three-component difluorobenzylation of quinoxalin-2(1 H)-ones with unactivated vinylarenes and BrCF 2CO 2Et/HCF 2CO 2H. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2022-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
An environmentally friendly strategy for the photo-catalyzed three-component reaction between quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, vinylarenes, with inexpensive and easily accessible ethyl bromodifluoroacetate/sodium difluoromethanesulfinate is described. This protocol exhibits mild conditions, high efficiency, and excellent functional group tolerance, providing a highly efficient approach for the synthesis of difluorobenzylated quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones by the formation of two carbon-carbon bonds. A radical mechanism is responsible for this three-component transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Jin-Wei Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Bing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Sai-Yi Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Liang-Ru Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Yong-Mei Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Henan University of Technology , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
| | - Shou-Ren Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Nanocomposites and Applications , Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College , Zhengzhou 450006 , P. R. China
| | - Ling-Bo Qu
- College of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , P. R. China
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5
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Liang Y, He Y, Jiang Z, Yang L, Xie L. Direct C−H Arylation of Quinoxalin‐2(
H
)‐ones with Arylhydrazine hydrochlorides. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue‐Pei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources of Southern Hunan College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425100 China
| | - Ya‐Nan He
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources of Southern Hunan College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425100 China
| | - Ze‐Qun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources of Southern Hunan College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425100 China
| | - Li‐Hua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources of Southern Hunan College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425100 China
| | - Long‐Yong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Advantage Plants Resources of Southern Hunan College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Hunan University of Science and Engineering Yongzhou 425100 China
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Yavari I, Shaabanzadeh S. Benzylic C(sp 3)-H Bonds Play the Dual Role of Starting Material and Oxidation Inhibitor for Hydrazides in the Electrochemical Synthesis of Hydrazones. J Org Chem 2022; 87:15077-15085. [PMID: 36347012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The electrooxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds to produce hydrazones as an alternate for conventional pathways has an enormous dignity. Under the aegis of electricity, instead of hazardous metal catalysts and external oxidants, we unveil an electrochemical process for electrooxidation of various benzylic C(sp3)-H bonds in aqueous media in all pH ranges that subsequently produce hydrazones with further reactions. This electrooxidative reaction strategy provides an acceptable condition for synthesizing hydrazones with various functional groups in good efficiency and amenable to gram-scale synthesis. The electrochemical oxidation condition proves an excellent level of compatibility with super cheap electrolyte NaCl for the oxidation of benzylic C(sp3)-H position despite the highly oxidizable hydrazide group remaining intact in the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issa Yavari
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
| | - Sina Shaabanzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran 1463694571, Iran
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A HCl-Mediated, Metal- and Oxidant-Free Photocatalytic Strategy for C3 Arylation of Quinoxalin(on)es with Arylhydrazine. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12060633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and simple HCl-mediated, photocatalytic method for quinoxaline(on)es C3-H arylation with arylhydrazine under transition metal catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions is presented. Various quinoxaline(on)es underwent this transformation smoothly, demonstrating a broad substrate tolerance and providing the corresponding aryl products in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies indicated that a radical pathway may be involved in this transformation.
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8
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Kong Y, Wei K, Yan G. Radical coupling reactions of hydrazines via photochemical and electrochemical strategies. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01348g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrazines are versatile building blocks in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Kong
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Kangning Wei
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
| | - Guobing Yan
- College of Jiyang, Zhejiang A&F University, Zhuji 311800, China
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