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Ding YN, Xu MZ, Huang YC, Ackermann L, Kong X, Liu XY, Liang YM. Stereoselective assembly of C-oligosaccharides via modular difunctionalization of glycals. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2794. [PMID: 38555346 PMCID: PMC10981691 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
C-oligosaccharides are found in natural products and drug molecules. Despite the considerable progress made during the last decades, modular and stereoselective synthesis of C-oligosaccharides continues to be challenging and underdeveloped compared to the synthesis technology of O-oligosaccharides. Herein, we design a distinct strategy for the stereoselective and efficient synthesis of C-oligosaccharides via palladium-catalyzed nondirected C1-H glycosylation/C2-alkenylation, cyanation, and alkynylation of 2-iodoglycals with glycosyl chloride donors while realizing the difunctionalization of 2-iodoglycals. The catalysis approach tolerates various functional groups, including derivatives of marketed drugs and natural products. Notably, the obtained C-oligosaccharides can be further transformed into various C-glycosides while fully conserving the stereochemistry. The results of density functional theory (DFT) calculations support oxidative addition mechanism of alkenyl-norbornyl-palladacycle (ANP) intermediate with α-mannofuranose chloride and the high stereoselectivity of glycosylation is due to steric hindrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Mei-Ze Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Chong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut für Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie and Wöhler-Research Institute for Sustainable Chemistry (WISCh), Georg-August-Universität, Tammannstrasse 2, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Xiangtao Kong
- Henan Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, 455000, Anyang, China.
| | - Xue-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Yong-Min Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, 730000, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, China.
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Khanam A, Dubey S, Mandal PK. Mild method for the synthesis of α-glycosyl chlorides: A convenient protocol for quick one-pot glycosylation. Carbohydr Res 2023; 534:108976. [PMID: 37871478 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
A simple and efficient protocol for the preparation of α-glycosyl chlorides within 15-30 min is described which employs a stable, cheap, and commercially available Trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as non-toxic chlorinating agent along with PPh3. This process involved a wide range of substrate scope and is well-suited with labile hydroxyl protecting groups such as benzyl, acetyl, benzoyl, isopropylidene, benzylidene, and TBDPS (tert-butyldiphenylsilyl) groups. This process is operationally simple, mild conditions and obtained good yields with excellent α selectivity. Moreover, a multi-catalyst one-pot glycosylation can be carried out to transform the glycosyl hemiacetals directly to a various O-glycosides in high overall yields without the need for separation or purification of the α-glycosyl chloride donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariza Khanam
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Shashiprabha Dubey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India
| | - Pintu Kumar Mandal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, P.O. Box 173, Lucknow, 226 031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Mu QQ, Guo AX, Cai X, Qin YY, Liu XL, Ye FZ, Yang HJ, Xiao X, Liu XW. Cobalt's Dual Role in Promoting C3-Glycosylation of Indoles: Unraveling Mechanistic Insights. Org Lett 2023; 25:7040-7045. [PMID: 37721454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we present a cobalt-catalyzed C3-glycosylation of indoles using unfunctionalized glycals, yielding 3-indolyl-C-deoxyglycosides. These compounds hold promise as sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors for treating type 2 diabetes. Control experiments unveiled that cobalt assumes a dual role, facilitating catalytic C-glycosylation while unexpectedly driving the anomerization of α-anomers through endocyclic cleavage of the C1-O5 bond, resulting in the formation of β-C-deoxyglycosides. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations shed light on the reaction mechanism, emphasizing the significant role of the pyridine group of indole in stabilizing transition states and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Qi Mu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Ao-Xin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yang-Yang Qin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Le Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Fang-Zhen Ye
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Wei Liu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
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Xia Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Gulzar T, Lin Y, Wang J, Zhu D, Yu B. Synthesis of 2-Indolyl C-Glycoside Neopetrosins A and C and Congeners via Ni-Catalyzed Photoreductive Cross-Coupling. Org Lett 2023; 25:6741-6745. [PMID: 37646796 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of neopetrosins A and C, two 2-indolyl C-α-d-mannopyranosides, and their congeners has been realized via a direct Ni/photoredox-catalyzed reductive coupling of 3-methoxycarbonyl-2-iodo-1H-indoles with pyranosyl bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhaolun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tayyab Gulzar
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuqi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dapeng Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Biao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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