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Zhurko IF, Dobrynin SA, Glazachev YI, Gatilov YV, Kirilyuk IA. 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-2,5-diethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyls: Where Is a Reasonable Limit of Sterical Loading for Higher Resistance to Reduction? Molecules 2024; 29:599. [PMID: 38338344 PMCID: PMC10856307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The pyrrolidine nitroxides with four bulky alkyl substituents adjacent to the N-O∙ group demonstrate very high resistance to reduction with biogenic antioxidants and enzymatic systems. This makes them valuable molecular tools for studying the structure and functions of biomolecules directly in a living cell and for functional EPR and NMR tomography in vivo. The first example of highly strained pyrrolidine nitroxides with both ethyl and tert-butyl groups at each of the α-carbon atoms of the nitroxide moiety with cis-configuration of the tert-butyl groups was prepared using a three-component domino reaction of tert-leucine and 2,2-dimethylpentan-3-one with dimethyl fumarate with subsequent conversion of the resulting strained pyrrolidine into 1-pyrroline-1-oxide and addition of EtLi. The nitroxide has demonstrated unexpectedly fast reduction with ascorbate, the rate constant k2 = (2.0 ± 0.1) × 10-3 M-1s-1. This effect was explained by destabilization of the planar nitroxide moiety due to repulsion with the two neighboring tert-butyl groups cis to each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina F. Zhurko
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.F.Z.); (S.A.D.); (Y.V.G.)
| | - Sergey A. Dobrynin
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.F.Z.); (S.A.D.); (Y.V.G.)
| | - Yurii I. Glazachev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia;
| | - Yuri V. Gatilov
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.F.Z.); (S.A.D.); (Y.V.G.)
| | - Igor A. Kirilyuk
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.F.Z.); (S.A.D.); (Y.V.G.)
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2
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Khoroshunova YV, Morozov DA, Kuznetsov DA, Rybalova TV, Glazachev YI, Bagryanskaya EG, Kirilyuk IA. Synthesis and Properties of (1 R( S),5 R( S),7 R( S),8 R( S))-1,8-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-6-azadispiro[4.1.4.2]tridecane-6-oxyl: Reduction-Resistant Spin Labels with High Spin Relaxation Times. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11498. [PMID: 37511257 PMCID: PMC10380268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Site-directed spin labeling followed by investigation using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a rapidly expanding powerful biophysical technique to study structure, local dynamics and functions of biomolecules using pulsed EPR techniques and nitroxides are the most widely used spin labels. Modern trends of this method include measurements directly inside a living cell, as well as measurements without deep freezing (below 70 K), which provide information that is more consistent with the behavior of the molecules under study in natural conditions. Such studies require nitroxides, which are resistant to the action of biogenic reductants and have high spin relaxation (dephasing) times, Tm. (1R(S),5R(S),7R(S),8R(S))-1,8-bis(hydroxymethyl)-6-azadispiro[4.1.4.2]tridecane-6-oxyl is a unique nitroxide that combines these features. We have developed a convenient method for the synthesis of this radical and studied the ways of its functionalization. Promising spin labels have been obtained, the parameters of their spin relaxation T1 and Tm have been measured, and the kinetics of reduction with ascorbate have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Danil A Kuznetsov
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Rybalova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yurii I Glazachev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena G Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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3
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An EPR Study on Highly Stable Nitroxyl-Nitroxyl Biradicals for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Applications at High Magnetic Fields. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041926. [PMID: 36838912 PMCID: PMC9958542 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitroxide biradicals are efficient polarizing agents in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. Many recently reported radicals possess substantial DNP efficiency in organic solvents but have poor solubility in water media which is unfavorable for biological applications. In this paper, we report DNP efficiency at a high magnetic field for two water-soluble biradicals resistant to reducing media. Water solubility was achieved by obtaining the radicals in the form of quaternary ammonium salts. Parameters of hyperfine interaction and exchange interaction were quantified by EPR spectroscopy, and their influence on the DNP effect was determined. The resistance of the biradicals to strongly reducing media was characterized. High stability was achieved using tetraethyl substituents and pyrrolidine moieties.
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4
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Verma C, Quraishi M, Rhee K. Hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity consideration of organic surfactant compounds: Effect of alkyl chain length on corrosion protection. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 306:102723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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5
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Fehling P, Buckenmaier K, Dobrynin SA, Morozov DA, Polienko YF, Khoroshunova YV, Borozdina Y, Mayer P, Engelmann J, Scheffler K, Angelovski G, Kirilyuk IA. The effects of nitroxide structure upon 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization efficacy at ultralow-field. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:144203. [PMID: 34654311 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy in 1H Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization in liquids at ultralow magnetic field (ULF, B0 = 92 ± 0.8 µT) and polarization field (Bp = 1-10 mT) was studied for a broad variety of 26 different spin probes. Among others, piperidine, pyrrolidine, and pyrroline radicals specifically synthesized for this study, along with some well-established commercially available nitroxides, were investigated. Isotope-substituted variants, some sterically shielded reduction-resistant nitroxides, and some biradicals were included in the measurements. The maximal achievable enhancement, Emax, and the radio frequency power, P1/2, needed for reaching Emax/2 were measured. Physico-chemical features such as molecular weight, spectral linewidth, heterocyclic structure, different types of substituents, deuteration, and 15N-labeling as well as the difference between monoradicals and biradicals were investigated. For the unmodified nitroxide radicals, the Emax values correlate with the molecular weight. The P1/2 values correlate with the spectral linewidth and are additionally influenced by the type of substituents neighboring the nitroxide group. The nitroxide biradicals with high intramolecular spin-spin coupling show low performance. Nitroxides enriched with 15N and/or 2H afford significantly higher |Emax| and require lower power to do so, compared to their unmodified counterparts containing at natural abundance predominantly 14N and 1H. The results allow for a correlation of chemical features with physical hyperpolarization-related properties and indicate that small nitroxides with narrow spectral lines have clear advantages for the use in Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization experiments. Perdeuteration and 15N-labeling can be used to additionally boost the spin probe performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fehling
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai Buckenmaier
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sergey A Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Borozdina
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Engelmann
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Scheffler
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Goran Angelovski
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Azuma R, Yamasaki T, Sano K, Munekane M, Matsuoka Y, Yamada KI, Mukai T. A radioiodinated nitroxide probe with improved stability against bioreduction for in vivo detection of lipid radicals. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 163:297-305. [PMID: 33359688 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that lipid carbon radicals (lipid radicals) are the origin of lipid peroxidation and are involved in various diseases such as cancer. Therefore, the in vivo detection of lipid radicals would be expected to lead to early diagnosis of these diseases. However, there are no methods for measuring lipid radicals in vivo. Nitroxides are known to be highly reactive with lipid radicals, but they tend to be reduced in vivo. Focusing on the excellent detection sensitivity of nuclear medical imaging, we have developed a radioiodinated nitroxide derivative with resistance to bioreduction for the in vivo detection of lipid radicals. The desired compound was obtained successfully and was highly stable against bioreduction while maintaining high reactivity toward lipid radicals. The I-125 labeling was efficacious with radiochemical yields of 84-87% and radiochemical purities of >99%. A cellular uptake assay showed that the radioiodinated compound was significantly taken up by cells under lipid radical-producing conditions compared to that in the absence of lipid radical production. A biodistribution study indicated that the radioiodinated compound accumulated more in organs where lipid peroxidation was promoted than the methoxyamine derivative, which lost reactivity to lipid radicals. These results indicated that the developed probe became trapped in cells or organs by reacting with lipid radicals. Thus, the radioiodinated nitroxide is a candidate probe for in vivo detection of lipid radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Azuma
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamasaki
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Kohei Sano
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Masayuki Munekane
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yuta Matsuoka
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamada
- Physical Chemistry for Life Science Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; AMED-CREST, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mukai
- Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyama-kita, Higashinada, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan.
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7
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2-Butyl-2-tert-butyl-5,5-diethylpyrrolidine-1-oxyls: Synthesis and Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040845. [PMID: 32075085 PMCID: PMC7070904 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are broadly used as molecular probes and labels in biophysics, structural biology, and biomedical research. Resistance of a nitroxide group bearing an unpaired electron to chemical reduction with low-molecular-weight antioxidants and enzymatic systems is of critical importance for these applications. The redox properties of nitroxides are known to depend on the ring size (for cyclic nitroxides) and electronic and steric effects of the substituents. Here, two highly strained nitroxides, 5-(tert-butyl)-5-butyl-2,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyrrolidin-1-oxyl (4) and 2-(tert-butyl)-2-butyl-5,5-diethyl-3,4-bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-oxyl (5), were prepared via a reaction of the corresponding 2-tert-butyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxides with butyllithium. Thermal stability and kinetics of reduction of the new nitroxides by ascorbic acid were studied. Nitroxide 5 showed the highest resistance to reduction.
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8
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A theoretical, dynamical evaluation method of the steric hindrance in nitroxide radicals using transition states of model reactions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20339. [PMID: 31889058 PMCID: PMC6937270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56342-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Steric hindrance is known to affect the stability, reactivity, and radical trapping ability of stable nitroxide radicals. Therefore, a quantitative evaluation and prediction model of steric hindrance is needed to select and design the optimum nitroxide radicals for specific applications. In this study, a dynamic parameter of steric hindrance (DPSH) is proposed and its characteristics are investigated. Unlike using only the equilibrium structure to evaluate the steric hindrance, DPSH is a dynamic value calculated from the theoretical activation enthalpies for two model reactions of radical addition to olefins. Using DPSH, the steric hindrance was evaluated for a total of 43 alkyl radicals, nitroxide radicals, and radicals derived from phenols, and the results were compared with those of other methods. The DPSH values for radicals can vary when the energy barrier for structural change varies, even if the equilibrium structures of the radicals have the same steric shielding. Finally, for radicals other than nitroxide radicals, the DPSH values were consistent with the predictions from their structures, which suggests that the DPSH has a wide range of applications. We expect DPSH to be used and developed in the analysis of steric factors in various reactions.
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9
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Khoroshunova YV, Morozov DA, Taratayko AI, Gladkikh PD, Glazachev YI, Kirilyuk IA. Synthesis of 1-azaspiro[4.4]nonan-1-oxyls via intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:2036-2042. [PMID: 31501671 PMCID: PMC6720653 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterically shielded nitroxides of the pyrrolidine series have shown the highest resistance to reduction. Here we report the synthesis of new pyrrolidine nitroxides from 5,5-dialkyl-1-pyrroline N-oxides via the introduction of a pent-4-enyl group to the nitrone carbon followed by an intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction and isoxazolidine ring opening. The kinetics of reduction of the new nitroxides with ascorbate were studied and compared to those of previously published (1S,2R,3′S,4′S,5′S,2″R)-dispiro[(2-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentan-1,2′-(3′,4′-di-tert-butoxy)pyrrolidine-5′,1″-(2″-hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane]-1′-oxyl (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Khoroshunova
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Morozov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey I Taratayko
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Polina D Gladkikh
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri I Glazachev
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.,Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
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10
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Nagura K, Bogdanov A, Chumakova N, Vorobiev AK, Moronaga S, Imai H, Matsuda T, Noda Y, Maeda T, Koizumi S, Sakamoto K, Amano T, Yoshino F, Kato T, Komatsu N, Tamura R. Size-tunable MRI-visible nitroxide-based magnetic mixed micelles: preparation, stability, and theranostic application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:224002. [PMID: 30743248 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic mixed micelles (mean diameter: 16 nm) composed of biocompatible surfactant Tween 80 and hydrophobic pyrrolidine-N-oxyl radical were prepared by mixing them in phosphate-buffered saline. The magnetic mixed micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and small angle neutron scattering measurements. The stability of the micelles is found to depend on the length of alkyl side chain in the nitroxide compounds and degree of unsaturation in the hydrophobic chain in the surfactant. The size of the mixed micelle can be tuned by changing the molar ratio of Tween 80 and nitroxyl radical. In view of theranostic application of the micelle, the cytotoxicity and stability in a physiological environment was investigated; the mixed micelle exhibited no cytotoxicity, high colloidal stability and high resistance towards reduction by large excess ascorbic acid. The in vitro and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed sufficient contrast enhancement in the proton longitudinal relaxation time (T 1) weighted images. In addition, hydrophobic fluorophores and an anticancer drug are stably encapsulated in the mixed micelles and showed fluorescence (FL) upon reduction by ascorbic acid and cytotoxicity to cancer cells, respectively. For example, the paclitaxel-loaded mixed micelles efficiently suppressed cancer cell growth. Furthermore, they were found to give higher MRI contrast (higher r 1 value) in vitro than the micelles without paclitaxel. The magnetic mixed micelles presented here are promising theranostic agents in nanomedicine due to their high biocompatibility and high resistivity towards reduction as well as functioning as a drug carrier in therapy and MR or FL imaging probe in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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11
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Naganuma J, Yamazaki Y, Gotoh H. Evaluation method of steric shielding effect around nitroxide radical reaction center based on molecular volume within a virtual ball. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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12
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Lampp L, Morgenstern U, Merzweiler K, Imming P, Seidel RW. Synthesis and characterization of sterically and electrostatically shielded pyrrolidine nitroxide radicals. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Nagura K, Takemoto Y, Yoshino F, Bogdanov A, Chumakova N, Vorobiev AK, Imai H, Matsuda T, Shimono S, Kato T, Komatsu N, Tamura R. Magnetic Mixed Micelles Composed of a Non-Ionic Surfactant and Nitroxide Radicals Containing a D-Glucosamine Unit: Preparation, Stability, and Biomedical Application. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E42. [PMID: 30669485 PMCID: PMC6359449 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-free magnetic mixed micelles (mean diameter: < 20 nm) were prepared by mixing the biocompatible non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and the non-toxic, hydrophobic pyrrolidine-N-oxyl radicals bearing a D-glucosamine unit in pH 7.4 phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The time-course stability and in vitro magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast ability of the mixed micelles was found to depend on the length of the alkyl chain in the nitroxide radicals. It was also confirmed that the mixed micelles exhibited no toxicity in vivo and in vitro and high stability in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid. The in vivo MRI experiment revealed that one of these mixed micelles showed much higher contrast enhancement in the proton longitudinal relaxation time (T₁) weighted images than other magnetic mixed micelles that we have reported previously. Thus, the magnetic mixed micelles presented here are expected to serve as a promising contrast agent for theranostic nanomedicines, such as MRI-visible targeted drug delivery carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nagura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Yusa Takemoto
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Fumi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Alexey Bogdanov
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Natalia Chumakova
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Andrey Kh Vorobiev
- Department of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.
| | - Hirohiko Imai
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Shimono
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhisa Kato
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Rui Tamura
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Dikalov SI, Polienko YF, Kirilyuk I. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Measurements of Reactive Oxygen Species by Cyclic Hydroxylamine Spin Probes. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1433-1443. [PMID: 29037084 PMCID: PMC5910043 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxidative stress contributes to numerous pathophysiological conditions such as development of cancer, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases. A variety of measurements of oxidative stress markers in biological systems have been developed; however, many of these methods are not specific, can produce artifacts, and do not directly detect the free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) that cause oxidative stress. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) is a unique tool that allows direct measurements of free radical species. Cyclic hydroxylamines are useful and convenient molecular probes that readily react with ROS to produce stable nitroxide radicals, which can be quantitatively measured by EPR. In this work, we critically review recent applications of various cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes in biology to study oxidative stress, their advantages, and the shortcomings. Recent Advances: In the past decade, a number of new cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes have been developed and their successful application for ROS measurement using EPR has been published. These new state-of-the-art methods provide improved selectivity and sensitivity for in vitro and in vivo studies. CRITICAL ISSUES Although cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes EPR application has been previously described, there has been lack of translation of these new methods into biomedical research, limiting their widespread use. This work summarizes "best practice" in applications of cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes to assist with EPR studies of oxidative stress. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Additional studies to advance hydroxylamine spin probes from the "basic science" to biomedical applications are needed and could lead to better understanding of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1433-1443.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey I Dikalov
- 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Yuliya F Polienko
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Igor Kirilyuk
- 2 Laboratory of Nitrogen Compounds, Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry , Novosibirsk, Russia .,3 Department of Organic Chemistry, Novosibirsk State University , Novosibirsk, Russia
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15
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Edeleva MV, Marque SR, Bagryanskaya EG. Imidazoline and imidazolidine nitroxides as controlling agents in nitroxide-mediated pseudoliving radical polymerization. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2018. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Dobrynin SA, Glazachev YI, Gatilov YV, Chernyak EI, Salnikov GE, Kirilyuk IA. Synthesis of 3,4-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,5,5-tetraethylpyrrolidin-1-oxyl via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylide to Activated Alkene. J Org Chem 2018; 83:5392-5397. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey A. Dobrynin
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri I. Glazachev
- Institute of Chemical Kinetics & Combustion, Institutskaya 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri V. Gatilov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena I. Chernyak
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - George E. Salnikov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Igor A. Kirilyuk
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Academician Lavrentiev Ave. 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova str. 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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17
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Huang S, Zhang H, Paletta JT, Rajca S, Rajca A. Reduction kinetics and electrochemistry of tetracarboxylate nitroxides. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:327-334. [PMID: 29402129 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1437268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tetracarboxylate pyrroline nitroxides undergo very fast reduction with ascorbate/glutathione (GSH), with second-order rate constants that are five orders of magnitude greater than those for gem-diethyl pyrroline nitroxides. For tetracarboxylate nitroxides, the electrochemical reduction potentials, measured by square wave voltammetry, are much less negative (by about 0.8 V), compared with the corresponding gem-diethyl nitroxides, while the oxidation potentials become more positive (by about 0.7 V). Electrochemical potentials correlate well via simple regressions with field/inductive parameters such as Swain/Lupton F-parameters (and/or Charton σI-parameters). Rates of reduction with ascorbate/GSH similarly correlate well for four pyrroline nitroxides, except for the slowest reducing gem-diethyl nitroxide. These results suggest that the electron withdrawing groups adjacent to the nitroxide moiety have a strong accelerating impact on the reduction rates, and thus they are not suitable for the design of hydrophilic nitroxides for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengdian Huang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Joseph T Paletta
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Suchada Rajca
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
| | - Andrzej Rajca
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska , Lincoln , NE , USA
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18
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Zhang K, Noble BB, Mater AC, Monteiro MJ, Coote ML, Jia Z. Effect of heteroatom and functionality substitution on the oxidation potential of cyclic nitroxide radicals: role of electrostatics in electrochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2606-2614. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07444a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrostatic effects on electrochemical oxidation potentials of heteroatomic and functional substituted nitroxides were studied both experimentally and computationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Benjamin B. Noble
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Adam C. Mater
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Michael J. Monteiro
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - Michelle L. Coote
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electomaterials Science
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
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19
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Krumkacheva O, Bagryanskaya E. EPR-based distance measurements at ambient temperature. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2017; 280:117-126. [PMID: 28579097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed dipolar (PD) EPR spectroscopy is a powerful technique allowing for distance measurements between spin labels in the range of 2.5-10.0nm. It was proposed more than 30years ago, and nowadays is widely used in biophysics and materials science. Until recently, PD EPR experiments were limited to cryogenic temperatures (T<80K). Recently, application of spin labels with long electron spin dephasing time at room temperature such as triarylmethyl radicals and nitroxides with bulky substituents at a position close to radical centers enabled measurements at room temperature and even at physiologically relevant temperatures by PD EPR as well as other approaches based on EPR (e.g., relaxation enhancement; RE). In this paper, we review the features of PD EPR and RE at ambient temperatures, in particular, requirements on electron spin phase memory time, ways of immobilization of biomolecules, the influence of a linker between the spin probe and biomolecule, and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Krumkacheva
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya 3A, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation; Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation.
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20
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Experimental and Theoretical Reduction Potentials of Some Biologically Active ortho-Carbonyl para-Quinones. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040577. [PMID: 28375183 PMCID: PMC6154728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The rational design of quinones with specific redox properties is an issue of great interest because of their applications in pharmaceutical and material sciences. In this work, the electrochemical behavior of a series of four p-quinones was studied experimentally and theoretically. The first and second one-electron reduction potentials of the quinones were determined using cyclic voltammetry and correlated with those calculated by density functional theory (DFT) using three different functionals, BHandHLYP, M06-2x and PBE0. The differences among the experimental reduction potentials were explained in terms of structural effects on the stabilities of the formed species. DFT calculations accurately reproduced the first one-electron experimental reduction potentials with R2 higher than 0.94. The BHandHLYP functional presented the best fit to the experimental values (R2 = 0.957), followed by M06-2x (R2 = 0.947) and PBE0 (R2 = 0.942).
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21
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Thétiot-Laurent S, Gosset G, Clément JL, Cassien M, Mercier A, Siri D, Gaudel-Siri A, Rockenbauer A, Culcasi M, Pietri S. New Amino-Acid-Based β-Phosphorylated Nitroxides for Probing Acidic pH in Biological Systems by EPR Spectroscopy. Chembiochem 2016; 18:300-315. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Thétiot-Laurent
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Gaëlle Gosset
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Jean-Louis Clément
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Mathieu Cassien
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Anne Mercier
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Didier Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Anouk Gaudel-Siri
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Antal Rockenbauer
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry; Budapest University of Technology and Economics; 1117 Budapest Hungary
| | - Marcel Culcasi
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
| | - Sylvia Pietri
- Aix Marseille Univ; CNRS; ICR; UMR 7273; Avenue Escadrile Normandie Niemen 13397 Marseille France
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22
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Audran G, Bosco L, Nkolo P, Bikanga R, Brémond P, Butscher T, Marque SRA. The β-phosphorus hyperfine coupling constant in nitroxides: 6. Solvent effects in non-cyclic nitroxides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:3729-43. [PMID: 26986555 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In two recent articles (Org. Biomol. Chem., 2015 and 2016), we showed that changes in the phosphorus hyperfine coupling constant aP at position β in β-phosphorylated nitroxides can be dramatic. Such changes were applied to the titration of water in organic solvents and conversely of organic solvents in water. One of the molecules tested was a non-cyclic nitroxide meaning that a thorough investigation of the solvent effect on the EPR hyperfine coupling constant is timely due. In this article, we show that the aP of persistent non-cyclic β-phosphorylated nitroxides decrease with the normalized polarity Reichardt's constant E(N)T. The Koppel-Palm and Kalmet-Abboud-Taft relationships were applied to gain deeper insight into the effects influencing aN and aP: polarity/polarizability, hydrogen bond donor properties, and the structuredness of the cybotactic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Audran
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Lionel Bosco
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Paulin Nkolo
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Raphael Bikanga
- Université des Sciences et Technique de Masuku, Laboratoire de Substances Naturelles et des Syntheses Organometalliques, B.P. 493 Franceville, Gabon
| | - Paul Brémond
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Teddy Butscher
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
| | - Sylvain R A Marque
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS-UMR 7273, ICR, case 541, Avenue Escadrille Normandie-Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France. and N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Pr. Lavrentjeva 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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