1
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Wearing ER, Yeh YC, Terrones GG, Parikh SG, Kevlishvili I, Kulik HJ, Schindler CS. Visible light-mediated aza Paternò-Büchi reaction of acyclic oximes and alkenes to azetidines. Science 2024; 384:1468-1476. [PMID: 38935726 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The aza Paternò-Büchi reaction is a [2+2]-cycloaddition reaction between imines and alkenes that produces azetidines, four-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Currently, successful examples rely primarily on either intramolecular variants or cyclic imine equivalents. To unlock the full synthetic potential of aza Paternò-Büchi reactions, it is essential to extend the reaction to acyclic imine equivalents. Here, we report that matching of the frontier molecular orbital energies of alkenes with those of acyclic oximes enables visible light-mediated aza Paternò-Büchi reactions through triplet energy transfer catalysis. The utility of this reaction is further showcased in the synthesis of epi-penaresidin B. Density functional theory computations reveal that a competition between the desired [2+2]-cycloaddition and alkene dimerization determines the success of the reaction. Frontier orbital energy matching between the reactive components lowers transition-state energy (ΔGǂ) values and ultimately promotes reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Wearing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yu-Cheng Yeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gianmarco G Terrones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Seren G Parikh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilia Kevlishvili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather J Kulik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Corinna S Schindler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1 BC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 BC, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver V5Z 1G1 BC, Canada
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2
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Trauner F, Ghazali R, Rettig J, Thiele CM, Didier D. Stereoselective polar radical crossover for the functionalization of strained-ring systems. Commun Chem 2024; 7:139. [PMID: 38898159 PMCID: PMC11187220 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Radical-polar crossover of organoborates is a poweful tool that enables the creation of two C-C bonds simultaneously. Small ring systems have become essential motifs in drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. However, step-economic methods for their selective functionalization remains scarce. Here we present a one-pot strategy that merges a simple preparation of strained organoboron species with the recently popularized polar radical crossover of borate derivatives to stereoselectively access tri-substituted azetidines, cyclobutanes and five-membered carbo- and heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trauner
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany
| | - Rahma Ghazali
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Jan Rettig
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina M Thiele
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Dorian Didier
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Clemens-Schöpf-Insitut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie, Peter-Grünberg-Str. 4, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany.
- Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Department Chemie, Butenandtstr. 5, 81377, München, Germany.
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3
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Park SH, Bae G, Choi A, Shin S, Shin K, Choi CH, Kim H. Electrocatalytic Access to Azetidines via Intramolecular Allylic Hydroamination: Scrutinizing Key Oxidation Steps through Electrochemical Kinetic Analysis. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37428820 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Azetidines are prominent structural scaffolds in bioactive molecules, medicinal chemistry, and ligand design for transition metals. However, state-of-the-art methods cannot be applied to intramolecular hydroamination of allylic amine derivatives despite their underlying potential as one of the most prevalent synthetic precursors to azetidines. Herein, we report an electrocatalytic method for intramolecular hydroamination of allylic sulfonamides to access azetidines for the first time. The merger of cobalt catalysis and electricity enables the regioselective generation of key carbocationic intermediates, which could directly undergo intramolecular C-N bond formation. The mechanistic investigations including electrochemical kinetic analysis suggest that either the catalyst regeneration by nucleophilic cyclization or the second electrochemical oxidation to access the carbocationic intermediate is involved in the rate-determining step (RDS) of our electrochemical protocol and highlight the ability of electrochemistry in providing ideal means to mediate catalyst oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve H Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahhyeon Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangmin Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology (I-CREATE), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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4
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Mechanochemical synthesis and structure analysis of binary cocrystals of extended bis-pyridyl spacers with resorcinol and orcinol. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Hu R, Gong A, Liao L, Zheng YX, Liu X, Wu P, Li F, Yu H, Zhao J, Ye LW, Wang B, Li A. Biocatalytic aminohydroxylation of styrenes for efficient synthesis of enantiopure β-amino alcohols. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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6
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Brewster JT, Randall SD, Kowalski J, Cruz C, Shoemaker R, Tarlton E, Hinklin RJ. A Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Platform To Access 2-Heteroaryl Azetidines: Building Blocks with Application in Medicinal Chemistry. Org Lett 2022; 24:9123-9129. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James T. Brewster
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Samuel D. Randall
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - John Kowalski
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Cole Cruz
- Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis Development, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Richard Shoemaker
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Eugene Tarlton
- Medicinal Chemistry Synthesis Development, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder Colorado 80301, United States
| | - Ronald J. Hinklin
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Pfizer Boulder Research and Development, 3200 Walnut Street, Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
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7
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Xu X, Song L, Feng H, Van der Eycken EV. Direct Access to 4-Substituted Isoquinolones via a Sequential Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization/Base-Promoted Aromatization/Ring-Opening of N-Propargyl-1,3-oxazolidines. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Trauner F, Reiners F, Apaloo-Messan KE, Nißl B, Shahbaz M, Jiang D, Aicher J, Didier D. Strain-release arylations for the bis-functionalization of azetidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:2564-2567. [PMID: 35107096 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc07053c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of nucleophilic organometallic species onto in situ generated azabicyclobutanes enables the selective formation of 3-arylated azetidine intermediates through strain-release. Single pot strategies were further developed for the N-arylation of resulting azetidines, employing either SNAr reactions or Buchwald-Hartwig couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Trauner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Felix Reiners
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Benedikt Nißl
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Dongfang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Julian Aicher
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| | - Dorian Didier
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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9
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Xu X, Huang L, Smits E, Zhong L, Feng H, Van der Eycken EV. Synthesis of N-alkenylisoquinolinones via palladium-catalyzed cyclization/C 4–O bond cleavage of oxazolidines. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj04127h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed cascade ring-opening reaction to synthesize N-alkenylisoquinolinones via cyclization and C–O bond cleavage is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Xu
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Eva Smits
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Ling Zhong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Center for Druggability of Cardiovascular Noncoding RNA, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Erik V. Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Miklukho-Maklaya Street 6, Moscow, 117198, Russia
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10
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Parmar DR, Soni JY, Guduru R, Rayani RH, Kusurkar RV, Vala AG. Azetidines of pharmacological interest. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100062. [PMID: 34184778 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Azetidines are almost unexplored among nitrogen-containing saturated heterocycles due to difficulties associated with their synthesis. However, over the past few years, attempts have been made by scientists to advance their synthetic feasibility. Compounds with the azetidine moiety display an important and diverse range of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antischizophrenic, antimalarial, antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antiviral, antioxidant, analgesic, and dopamine antagonist activities, and are also useful for the treatment of central nervous system disorders and so forth. Owing to its satisfactory stability, molecular rigidity, and chemical and biological properties, azetidine has emerged as a valuable scaffold and it has drawn the attention of medicinal researchers. The present review sheds light on the traditional method of synthesis of azetidine and advancements in synthetic methodology over the past few years, along with its application with various examples, and its biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa R Parmar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Madhav University, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India.,Piramal Pharma Limited-Discovery Solutions, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Jigar Y Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Madhav University, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Rahul H Rayani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Madhav University, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India.,Piramal Pharma Limited-Discovery Solutions, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh V Kusurkar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Madhav University, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India.,Piramal Pharma Limited-Discovery Solutions, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Anand G Vala
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Science, Madhav University, Sirohi, Rajasthan, India.,Piramal Pharma Limited-Discovery Solutions, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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11
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Masson G, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Azetidiniums: Ring‐Expansion to Pyrrolidines, Piperidines, Azepanes, and Azocanes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Masson
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 7167) PSL University 75231 Cedex 05 France
| | - Domingo Gomez Pardo
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 7167) PSL University 75231 Cedex 05 France
| | - Janine Cossy
- Molecular, Macromolecular Chemistry, and Materials (C3M), ESPCI Paris, CNRS (UMR 7167) PSL University 75231 Cedex 05 France
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12
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Kovács E, Faigl F, Mucsi Z. Regio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2-Arylazetidines: Quantum Chemical Explanation of Baldwin's Rules for the Ring-Formation Reactions of Oxiranes†. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11226-11239. [PMID: 32786621 PMCID: PMC7498157 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
![]()
A general,
scalable two-step regio- and diastereoselective method
has been described for the synthesis of versatile alkaloid-type azetidines
from simple building blocks with excellent overall yields. In the
kinetically controlled reaction, only the formation of the strained
four-membered ring can be achieved instead of the thermodynamically
favorable five-membered rings under appropriate conditions. Remarkable
functional group tolerance has also been demonstrated. In this paper,
we give a new scope of Baldwin’s rules by density functional
theory (DFT) calculations with an explicit solvent model, confirming
the proposed reaction mechanisms and the role of kinetic controls
in the stereochemical outcome of the reported transition-metal-free
carbon–carbon bond formation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ervin Kovács
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary.,MTA-BME Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Femtonics Ltd., Budapest H-1094, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Faigl
- MTA-BME Organic Chemical Technology Research Group, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Reidl TW, Anderson LL. Divergent Functionalizations of Azetidines and Unsaturated Azetidines. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
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14
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Zhang Y, Huang L, Li X, Wang L, Feng H. Chemo- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of N-Propargyl Oxazolidines through a Copper-Catalyzed Domino A3 Reaction. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5046-5055. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b03244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liliang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Le Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Huangdi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China
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15
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle “Stitching” by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Dominic P. Affron
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Christopher J. Cordier
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Emma L. Rivers
- Hit Discovery; Discovery Sciences; IMED Biotech Unit; AstraZeneca; Cambridge UK
| | - Alan C. Spivey
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry; Imperial College London; Molecular Sciences Research Hub; White City Campus; Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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16
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Boddy AJ, Affron DP, Cordier CJ, Rivers EL, Spivey AC, Bull JA. Rapid Assembly of Saturated Nitrogen Heterocycles in One-Pot: Diazo-Heterocycle "Stitching" by N-H Insertion and Cyclization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:1458-1462. [PMID: 30516342 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Methods that provide rapid access to new heterocyclic structures in biologically relevant chemical space provide important opportunities in drug discovery. Here, a strategy is described for the preparation of 2,2-disubstituted azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, and azepanes bearing ester and diverse aryl substituents. A one-pot rhodium catalyzed N-H insertion and cyclization sequence uses diazo compounds to stitch together linear 1,m-haloamines (m=2-5) to rapidly assemble 4 -, 5 -, 6 -, and 7 -membered saturated nitrogen heterocycles in excellent yields. Over fifty examples are demonstrated, including examples with diazo compounds derived from biologically active compounds. The products can be functionalized to afford α,α-disubstituted amino acids and applied to fragment synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Boddy
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Dominic P Affron
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Christopher J Cordier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Emma L Rivers
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alan C Spivey
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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17
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Ma P, Meng F, Wang N, Zhang J, Xie J, Dai B. Heterogeneous Amorphous Cu-MOF-74 Catalyst for C-N Coupling Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peilong Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Fei Meng
- Guangdong Bioengineering Institute; Guangdong Academy of Science; Guangzhou 510316 China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Jianwei Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
| | - Bin Dai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; The Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering of Xinjiang Bingtuan; Shihezi University; Shihezi 832003 China
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18
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Tavani C, Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G. Densely Functionalized 2-Methylideneazetidines from Nitrodienic Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Lara Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Siena; Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Maccagno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Giovanni Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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19
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Yuan Z, Li N, Zhu C, Xia C. Copper-catalyzed synthesis of α-amino nitriles through methyl transfer from DMF to aromatic amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:2854-2857. [PMID: 29457813 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc00485d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed activation of C(sp3)–H bonds of DMF at room temperature was developed, which results in methyl transfer to aromatic amines for efficient synthesis of exceedingly valuable α-amino nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Chunyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resources
- Ministry of Education and Yunnan Province
- School of Chemical Science and Technology
- Yunnan University
- Kunming 650091
| | - Chengfeng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- China
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20
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Aricò F, Aldoshin AS, Musolino M, Crisma M, Tundo P. β-Aminocarbonates in Regioselective and Ring Expansion Reactions. J Org Chem 2017; 83:236-243. [PMID: 29172495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of β-aminocarbonates as anisotropic electrophiles has been investigated with several phenols. Products distribution shows that the regioselectivity of the anchimerically driven alkylation reaction depends on the nucleophiles. The results suggest that in the presence of nucleophiles that are also good leaving groups, the reaction takes place under thermodynamic control favoring the attack on the most sterically hindered carbon of the cyclic aziridinium intermediate. Furthermore, when an enantiomerically pure pyrrolidine-based carbonate was used, the reaction with phenols proceeds via a bicyclic aziridinium intermediate leading to the stereoselective synthesis of optically active 3-substituted piperidines via ring expansion reaction. These results were confirmed both by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Aricò
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University , Scientific Campus Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Alexander S Aldoshin
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University , Scientific Campus Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Manuele Musolino
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University , Scientific Campus Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry , Padova Unit, CNR, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Tundo
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University , Scientific Campus Via Torino 155, 30170 Venezia Mestre, Italy
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21
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Hameed A, Javed S, Noreen R, Huma T, Iqbal S, Umbreen H, Gulzar T, Farooq T. Facile and Green Synthesis of Saturated Cyclic Amines. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101691. [PMID: 29023406 PMCID: PMC6151670 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nitrogen containing saturated cyclic amines are an important part of both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. A number of methodologies have been developed for the synthesis of aziridines, azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines, azepanes and azocanes. This review highlights some facile and green synthetic routes for the synthesis of unsubstituted, multisubstituted and highly functionalized saturated cyclic amines including one-pot, microwave assisted, metal-free, solvent-free and in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arruje Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Sadia Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Razia Noreen
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyaba Huma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Sarosh Iqbal
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Huma Umbreen
- Department of Home Economics, Government College Women University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Tahsin Gulzar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad 38900, Pakistan.
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22
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11579-11583. [PMID: 28707372 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
An electrocyclization route to azetidine nitrones from N-alkenylnitrones was discovered that provides facile access to these unsaturated strained heterocycles. Reactivity studies showed that these compounds undergo a variety of reduction, cycloaddition, and nucleophilic addition reactions to form highly substituted azetidines with excellent diastereoselectivity. Taken together, these transformations provide a fundamentally different approach to azetidine synthesis than traditional cyclization by nucleophilic displacement and provide novel access to a variety of underexplored strained heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W Reidl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Donald J Wink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Laura L Anderson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL, USA
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23
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Reidl TW, Son J, Wink DJ, Anderson LL. Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Jongwoo Son
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Donald J. Wink
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago IL USA
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24
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An efficient synthesis of 1′,4′-dihydro-2′H-spiro[azetidin-2,3′-quinolin]-2′-one. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-016-2616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Quinodoz P, Wright K, Drouillat B, David O, Marrot J, Couty F. Synthesis of homopropargylamines from 2-cyanoazetidines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:10072-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc05713f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mild generation of vinylidene carbene from α-amino nitrile is the basis of a new synthesis of homopropargylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Quinodoz
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | - K. Wright
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | - B. Drouillat
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | - O. David
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | - J. Marrot
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
| | - F. Couty
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles
- UMR 8180. Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines
- Université Paris-Saclay
- 78035 Versailles Cedex
- France
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