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Ramirez DM, Dhiman S, Mukherjee A, Wimalasekara R, Schweizer F. Application of tobramycin benzyl ether as an antibiotic adjuvant capable of sensitizing multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria to rifampicin. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:1055-1065. [PMID: 38516601 PMCID: PMC10953491 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of aminoglycoside resistance has prompted the development of amphiphilic aminoglycoside derivatives which target bacterial membranes. Tobramycin and nebramine ether derivatives initially designed for this purpose were optimized and screened for their potential application as outer membrane (OM) permeabilizing adjuvants. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies revealed that the tobramycin benzyl ether was the most optimal OM permeabilizer, capable of potentiating rifampicin, novobiocin, vancomycin, minocycline, and doxycycline against Gram-negative bacteria. The innovative use of this compound as an adjuvant is highlighted by its ability to sensitize multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria to rifampicin and restore the susceptibility of MDR Escherichia coli to minocycline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shiv Dhiman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ayan Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Ruwani Wimalasekara
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
| | - Frank Schweizer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB R3T 2N2 Canada
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2
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Sivakrishna B, Sahoo S, Kumar A, Pal S. Development of a Divergent Synthetic Avenue towards Conduritol‐E,
allo
‐Inositol,
talo
‐Quercitol and Palitantin from D‐Ribose. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Balija Sivakrishna
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Khordha, Bhubaneswar Odisha 752050
| | - Subrata Sahoo
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Khordha, Bhubaneswar Odisha 752050
| | - Aditya Kumar
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Khordha, Bhubaneswar Odisha 752050
| | - Shantanu Pal
- School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Argul Khordha, Bhubaneswar Odisha 752050
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3
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Natha CM, Vemulapalli V, Fiori MC, Chang CWT, Altenberg GA. Connexin hemichannel inhibitors with a focus on aminoglycosides. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166115. [PMID: 33711451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Connexins are membrane proteins involved directly in cell-to-cell communication through the formation of gap-junctional channels. These channels result from the head-to-head docking of two hemichannels, one from each of two adjacent cells. Undocked hemichannels are also present at the plasma membrane where they mediate the efflux of molecules that participate in autocrine and paracrine signaling, but abnormal increase in hemichannel activity can lead to cell damage in disorders such as cardiac infarct, stroke, deafness, cataracts, and skin diseases. For this reason, connexin hemichannels have emerged as a valid therapeutic target. Know small molecule hemichannel inhibitors are not ideal leads for the development of better drugs for clinical use because they are not specific and/or have toxic effects. Newer inhibitors are more selective and include connexin mimetic peptides, anti-connexin antibodies and drugs that reduce connexin expression such as antisense oligonucleotides. Re-purposed drugs and their derivatives are also promising because of the significant experience with their clinical use. Among these, aminoglycoside antibiotics have been identified as inhibitors of connexin hemichannels that do not inhibit gap-junctional channels. In this review, we discuss connexin hemichannels and their inhibitors, with a focus on aminoglycoside antibiotics and derivatives of kanamycin A that inhibit connexin hemichannels, but do not have antibiotic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Natha
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Varun Vemulapalli
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Mariana C Fiori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Cheng-Wei T Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Guillermo A Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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4
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Jaber QZ, Fridman M. Fresh Molecular Concepts to Extend the Lifetimes of Old Antimicrobial Drugs. CHEM REC 2021; 21:631-645. [PMID: 33605532 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial drug development generally initiates with target identification and mode of action studies. Often, emergence of resistance and/or undesired side effects that are discovered only after prolonged clinical use, result in discontinuation of clinical use. Since the cost and time required for improvement of existing drugs are considerably lower than those required for the development of novel drugs, academic and pharmaceutical company researchers pursue this direction. In this account we describe selected examples of how chemical probes generated from antimicrobial drugs and chemical and enzymatic modifications of these drugs have been used to modify modes of action, block mechanisms of resistance, or reduce side effects, improving performance. These examples demonstrate how new and comprehensive mechanistic insights can be translated into fresh concepts for development of next-generation antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Z Jaber
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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5
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Advances in the development of connexin hemichannel inhibitors selective toward Cx43. Future Med Chem 2021; 13:379-392. [PMID: 33399487 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Gap-junction channels formed by two connexin hemichannels play diverse and pivotal roles in intercellular communication and regulation. Normally hemichannels at the plasma membrane participate in autocrine and paracrine signaling, but abnormal increase in their activity can lead or contribute to various diseases. Selective inhibitors toward connexin hemichannels are of great interest. Among more than 20 identified isoforms of connexins, connexin 43 (Cx43) attracts the most interest due to its prevalence and link to cell damage in many disorders or diseases. Traditional antibacterial kanamycin decorated with hydrophobic groups yields amphiphilic kanamycins that show low cytotoxicity and prominent inhibitory effect against Cx43. This review focuses on the development of amphiphilic kanamycins as connexin hemichannel inhibitors and their future perspective.
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6
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Howard KC, Dennis EK, Watt DS, Garneau-Tsodikova S. A comprehensive overview of the medicinal chemistry of antifungal drugs: perspectives and promise. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:2426-2480. [PMID: 32140691 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00556k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of new fungal pathogens makes the development of new antifungal drugs a medical imperative that in recent years motivates the talents of numerous investigators across the world. Understanding not only the structural families of these drugs but also their biological targets provides a rational means for evaluating the merits and selectivity of new agents for fungal pathogens and normal cells. An equally important aspect of modern antifungal drug development takes a balanced look at the problems of drug potency and drug resistance. The future development of new antifungal agents will rest with those who employ synthetic and semisynthetic methodology as well as natural product isolation to tackle these problems and with those who possess a clear understanding of fungal cell architecture and drug resistance mechanisms. This review endeavors to provide an introduction to a growing and increasingly important literature, including coverage of the new developments in medicinal chemistry since 2015, and also endeavors to spark the curiosity of investigators who might enter this fascinatingly complex fungal landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlind C Howard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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7
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Zada SL, Baruch BB, Simhaev L, Engel H, Fridman M. Chemical Modifications Reduce Auditory Cell Damage Induced by Aminoglycoside Antibiotics. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3077-3087. [PMID: 31958945 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although aminoglycoside antibiotics are effective against Gram-negative infections, these drugs often cause irreversible hearing damage. Binding to the decoding site of the eukaryotic ribosomes appears to result in ototoxicity, but there is evidence that other effects are involved. Here, we show how chemical modifications of apramycin and geneticin, considered among the least and most toxic aminoglycosides, respectively, reduce auditory cell damage. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we studied how modified aminoglycosides influence the essential freedom of movement of the decoding site of the ribosome, the region targeted by aminoglycosides. By determining the ratio of a protein translated in mitochondria to that of a protein translated in the cytoplasm, we showed that aminoglycosides can paradoxically elevate rather than reduce protein levels. We showed that certain aminoglycosides induce rapid plasma membrane permeabilization and that this nonribosomal effect can also be reduced through chemical modifications. The results presented suggest a new paradigm for the development of safer aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Louzoun Zada
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , 6997801
| | - Bar Ben Baruch
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , 6997801
| | - Luba Simhaev
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 6997801 , Israel
| | - Hamutal Engel
- Blavatnik Center for Drug Discovery , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , 6997801 , Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv , Israel , 6997801
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8
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Zhang N, Ma S. Recent development of membrane-active molecules as antibacterial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 184:111743. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Jaber QZ, Benhamou RI, Herzog IM, Ben Baruch B, Fridman M. Cationic Amphiphiles Induce Macromolecule Denaturation and Organelle Decomposition in Pathogenic Yeast. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:16391-16395. [PMID: 30307679 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201809410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cationic amphiphiles are a large and diverse class of antimicrobial agents. Although their mode of action is not fully resolved, it is generally accepted that these antimicrobials perturb the structural integrity of the plasma membrane leading to the microbial cell disruption. Here we report on the development of inherently fluorescent antifungal cationic amphiphiles and on the study of their effects on cells of Candida, one of the most common fungal pathogens in humans. Fluorescent images of Candida yeast cells that express a fluorescent reporter protein revealed that the cationic amphiphiles rapidly accumulated in the cytosol and led to structural changes in proteins and DNA. Using fluorescent organelle-specific dyes, we showed that these antifungal agents also caused organelle disassembly in Candida cells. The results of this study indicate that, in designing antifungal cationic amphiphiles for clinical use, the intracellular activities of these molecules must be addressed to avoid undesired side effects to mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais Z Jaber
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Raphael I Benhamou
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Ido M Herzog
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Bar Ben Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
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10
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Jaber QZ, Benhamou RI, Herzog IM, Ben Baruch B, Fridman M. Cationic Amphiphiles Induce Macromolecule Denaturation and Organelle Decomposition in Pathogenic Yeast. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201809410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qais Z. Jaber
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Raphael I. Benhamou
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Ido M. Herzog
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Bar Ben Baruch
- Department of Neurobiology; George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Ramat Aviv Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry; Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv 6997801 Israel
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11
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AlFindee MN, Subedi YP, Fiori MC, Krishnan S, Kjellgren A, Altenberg GA, Chang CWT. Inhibition of Connexin Hemichannels by New Amphiphilic Aminoglycosides without Antibiotic Activity. ACS Med Chem Lett 2018; 9:697-701. [PMID: 30034603 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Connexins hemichannels (HCs) from adjacent cells form gap junctional channels that mediate cell-to-cell communication. Abnormal opening of "free" undocked HCs can produce cell damage and participate in the mechanism of disorders such as cardiac infarct, stroke, deafness, skin diseases, and cataracts. Therefore, inhibitors of connexin HCs have great pharmacological potential. Antibiotic aminoglycosides (AGs) have been recently identified as connexin HC inhibitors, but their antibiotic effect is an issue for the treatment of disorders where infections do not play a role. Herein, we synthesized and tested several amphiphilic AGs without antibiotic effect for their inhibition against connexin HCs, using a newly developed cell-based bacterial growth complementation assay. Several leads with superior potency than the parent compound, kanamycin A, were identified. Unlike traditional AGs, these amphiphilic AGs are not bactericidal and are not toxic to mammalian cells, making them better than traditional AGs as HC inhibitors for clinical use and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madher N. AlFindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Basra, Basra, Iraq
| | - Yagya P. Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Mariana C. Fiori
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6551, United States
| | - Srinivasan Krishnan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6551, United States
| | - Abbey Kjellgren
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6551, United States
- Honors College, McClellan Hall, Box 41017, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1017, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Altenberg
- Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, and Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430-6551, United States
| | - Cheng-Wei T. Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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12
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Subedi YP, AlFindee MN, Takemoto JY, Chang CWT. Antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins: new life for an old drug. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:909-919. [PMID: 30108980 PMCID: PMC6071784 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00155c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical aminoglycoside antibiotics are obsolete or hampered by the emergence of drug resistant bacteria. Recent discoveries of antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins offer new strategies for reviving and repurposing these old drugs. A simple structural modification turns the clinically obsolete antibacterial kanamycin into an antifungal agent. Structure-activity relationship studies have led to the production of K20, an antifungal kanamycin that can be mass-produced for uses in agriculture as well as in animals. This review delineates the path to the discovery of K20 and other related antifungal amphiphilic kanamycins, determination of its mode of action, and findings in greenhouse and field trials with K20 that could lead to crop disease protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagya Prasad Subedi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Madher N AlFindee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
| | - Jon Y Takemoto
- Department of Biology , Utah State University , 5305 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-5305 , USA
| | - Cheng-Wei Tom Chang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Utah State University , 0300 Old Main Hill , Logan , Utah 84322-0300 , USA .
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Steinbuch KB, Benhamou RI, Levin L, Stein R, Fridman M. Increased Degree of Unsaturation in the Lipid of Antifungal Cationic Amphiphiles Facilitates Selective Fungal Cell Disruption. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:825-836. [PMID: 29419285 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial cationic amphiphiles derived from aminoglycosides act through cell membrane permeabilization but have limited selectivity for microbial cell membranes. Herein, we report that an increased degree of unsaturation in the fatty acid segment of antifungal cationic amphiphiles derived from the aminoglycoside tobramycin significantly reduced toxicity to mammalian cells. A collection of tobramycin-derived cationic amphiphiles substituted with C18 lipid chains varying in degree of unsaturation and double bond configuration were synthesized. All had potent activity against a panel of important fungal pathogens including strains with resistance to a variety of antifungal drugs. The tobramycin-derived cationic amphiphile substituted with linolenic acid with three cis double bonds (compound 6) was up to an order of magnitude less toxic to mammalian cells than cationic amphiphiles composed of lipids with a lower degree of unsaturation and than the fungal membrane disrupting drug amphotericin B. Compound 6 was 12-fold more selective (red blood cell hemolysis relative to antifungal activity) than compound 1, the derivative with a fully saturated lipid chain. Notably, compound 6 disrupted the membranes of fungal cells without affecting the viability of cocultured mammalian cells. This study demonstrates that the degree of unsaturation and the configuration of the double bond in lipids of cationic amphiphiles are important parameters that, if optimized, result in compounds with broad spectrum and potent antifungal activity as well as reduced toxicity toward mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kfir B. Steinbuch
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Raphael I. Benhamou
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Lotan Levin
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Reuven Stein
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
| | - Micha Fridman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverley Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel 6997801
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Thamban Chandrika N, Garneau-Tsodikova S. Comprehensive review of chemical strategies for the preparation of new aminoglycosides and their biological activities. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1189-1249. [PMID: 29296992 PMCID: PMC5818290 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00407a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all synthetic and chemoenzymatic methodologies for the preparation of aminoglycosides for a variety of applications (therapeutic and agricultural) reported in the scientific literature up to 2017 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of derivatization/generation of novel aminoglycosides and their conjugates is divided based on the types of modifications used to make the new derivatives. Both the chemical strategies utilized and the biological results observed are covered. Structure-activity relationships based on different synthetic modifications along with their implications for activity and ability to avoid resistance against different microorganisms are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishad Thamban Chandrika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
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15
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One-step synthesis of carbohydrate esters as antibacterial and antifungal agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:765-774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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