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Wang L, Zhang W. Recent Advances on Epoxide- and Aziridine-Based [3+2] Annulations. Chem Asian J 2025; 20:e202401936. [PMID: 39962900 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202401936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2025] [Accepted: 02/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/05/2025]
Abstract
[3+2] Annulations are a powerful method for the synthesis of five-membered heterocyclic compounds. The annulations have concerted cycloaddition and formal (stepwise) cycloaddition reaction pathways. In addition to the well-established O-centered and N-centered ylides, epoxides and aziridines could serve as synthetic equivalent of 1,3-dipoles for [3+2] annulation with dipolarophiles for making functionalized tetrahydrofuran, pyrrolidine, and associated compounds. This review article covers recent development on epoxide- and aziridine-based [3+2] annulation reactions. The reactions are classified based on the ring opening conditions, including acid/base catalysis, organocatalysis, and transitional-metal catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Engineering, Gehu Road 33, Wujin District, Changzhou, 213164, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Boulevard, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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2
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Soares MIL, Gomes CSB, Oliveira MC, Marçalo J, Pinho E Melo TMVD. Synthesis of 5 H-chromeno[3,4- b]pyridines via DABCO-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of 3-nitro-2 H-chromenes and allenoates. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9711-9722. [PMID: 34726223 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01130h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The DABCO-catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation between 3-nitro-2H-chromenes and benzyl 2,3-butadienoate has been developed as a route to 5H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives. Under optimal reaction conditions, 5H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyridines incorporating two allenoate units were obtained in moderate to good yields (30-76%). The same type of transformation could be carried out using butynoates as allene surrogates. Mechanistic studies by mass spectrometry allowed the identification of the key intermediates involved in the reaction mechanism. The reported synthetic methodology represents an entirely new approach for the synthesis of the 5H-chromeno[3,4-b]pyridine core structure based on allene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I L Soares
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Clara S B Gomes
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.,Associate Laboratory i4HB - Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal.,UCIBIO, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Conceição Oliveira
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim Marçalo
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Teresa M V D Pinho E Melo
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC) and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Philkhana SC, Badmus FO, Dos Reis IC, Kartika R. Recent Advancements in Pyrrole Synthesis. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021; 53:1531-1555. [PMID: 34366491 PMCID: PMC8340853 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This review article features selected examples on the synthesis of functionalized pyrroles that were reported between 2014 and 2019. Pyrrole is an important nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle that can be found in numerous compounds of biological and material significance. Given its vast importance, pyrrole continues to be an attractive target for the development of new synthetic reactions. The contents of this article are organized by the starting materials, which can be broadly classified into four different types: substrates bearing π-systems, substrates bearing carbonyl and other polar groups, and substrates bearing heterocyclic motifs. Brief discussions on plausible reaction mechanisms for most transformations are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Chandra Philkhana
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Fatimat O Badmus
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Isaac C Dos Reis
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Rendy Kartika
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
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4
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Zhu WQ, Zhang ZW, Han WY, Fang YC, Yang P, Li LQ, Chen YZ. Aziridine used as a vinylidene unit in palladium-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] domino annulation. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00458a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of chromone fused methylenecyclopentanes are efficiently constructed in moderate to good yields by Pd-catalyzed [2 + 2 + 1] annulation, in which aziridine is used as a vinylidene unit by cleavage of two C–N bonds for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Zhu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-Wei Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Wen-Yong Han
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
| | - Yu-Chen Fang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Textile Chemical Engineering Auxiliaries
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
| | - Lin-Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
| | - Yong-Zheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis & Chiral Drug Synthesis of Guizhou Province
- Generic Drug Research Center of Guizhou Province
- Green Pharmaceuticals Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province
- School of Pharmacy
- Zunyi Medical University
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5
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Abstract
Allenes represent an extremely important class of organic molecules, which, as
a result of their twisted orthogonal π-systems can possess axial chirality. A wide array of
methods for allene synthesis have been reported, such as the substitution of propargylic
electrophiles, isomerization of alkynes and sigmatropic rearrangement. An alternative approach
for the synthesis of allenes is 1,2-elimination of an appropriately substituted precursor.
This mini-review highlights recent examples of 1,2-elimination processes, which
target allenes including both polar and radical processes. The main focus is upon how control
over the stereospecificity (e.g. syn- or anti-) of the 1,2-elimination process can enable
the synthesis of enantioenriched axially chiral allenes. Recent developments in this field
are presented including both enantiospecific and catalytic asymmetric methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roly J. Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction is a powerful and versatile strategy for
the synthesis of carbocyclic and heterocyclic five-membered rings. Herein, the most recent
developments on the [3+2] cycloaddition reactions using allenes acting either as dipolarophiles
or 1,3-dipole precursors, are highlighted. The recent contributions on the
phosphine- and transition metal-catalyzed [3+2] annulations involving allenes as substrates
are also covered, with the exception of those in which the formation of a 1,3-dipole
(or synthetic equivalent) is not invoked.
This review summarizes the most relevant research in which allenes are used as building
blocks for the construction of structurally diverse five-membered rings via [3+2] annulation
reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Cardoso
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria I.L. Soares
- CQC and Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wang X, Lu M, Su Q, Zhou M, Addepalli Y, Yao W, Wang Z, Lu Y. Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4+2] Cycloadditions of Allenic Ketones: Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyridines. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:3409-3413. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Mengxue Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Qin Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Minghui Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Yesu Addepalli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Weijun Yao
- Department of ChemistryZhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug ResearchChongqing University Chongqing 401331 P.R. China
| | - Yixin Lu
- Department of ChemistryNational University of Singapore Singapore 117543 Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute Suzhou 215123 P.R. China
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Soares MIL, Gomes CSB, Nunes SCC, Pais AACC, Pinho e Melo TMVD. Phosphane-Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Allenoates with 3-Nitro-2H
-chromenes: Synthesis of Tetrahydrocyclopenta[c
]chromenes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. L. Soares
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
| | - Clara S. B. Gomes
- Centro de Química Estrutural; Instituto Superior Técnico; Universidade de Lisboa; 1049-001 Lisboa Portugal
| | - Sandra C. C. Nunes
- CQC and Department of Chemistry; University of Coimbra; 3004-535 Coimbra Portugal
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Alajarin M, Bañon D, Egea A, Marín-Luna M, Orenes RA, Vidal A. Accessing polysubstituted oxazolidines, pyrrolidines and imidazolidines by regioselective [3 + 2] annulations of ketenimines with donor–acceptor oxiranes and aziridines. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00255j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diverse five-membered rings result from formal [3 + 2] cycloadditions of ketenimines with carbonyl and azomethine ylides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Alajarin
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- 30100 Murcia
| | - Daniel Bañon
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- 30100 Murcia
| | - Adrian Egea
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- 30100 Murcia
| | | | - Raul-Angel Orenes
- Servicio Universitario de Instrumentación Científica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - Angel Vidal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad de Murcia
- Facultad de Química
- Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”
- 30100 Murcia
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