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Li Q, Yu Z, Redshaw C, Xiao X, Tao Z. Double-cavity cucurbiturils: synthesis, structures, properties, and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3536-3560. [PMID: 38414424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00961k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Double-cavity Q[n]s are relatively new members of the Q[n] family and have garnered significant interest due to their distinctive structures and novel properties. While they incorporate n glycoluril units, akin to their single-cavity counterparts, their geometry can best be described as resembling a figure-of-eight or a handcuff, distinguishing them from single-cavity Q[n]s. Despite retaining the core molecular recognition traits of single-cavity Q[n]s, these double-cavity variants introduce fascinating new attributes rooted in their distinct configurations. This overview delves into the synthesis, structural attributes, properties, and intriguing applications of double-cavity Q[n]s. Some of the applications explored include their role in supramolecular polymers, molecular machinery, supra-amphiphiles, sensors, artificial light-harvesting systems, and adsorptive separation materials. Upon concluding this review, we discuss potential challenges and avenues for future development and offer valuable insights for other scholars working in this area with the aim of stimulating further exploration and interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhengwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Institute of Applied Chemistry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China.
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2
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Wu J, Sun X, Li X, Li X, Feng W, Yuan L. Multi-Responsive Molecular Encapsulation and Release Based on Hydrogen-Bonded Azo-Macrocycle. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114437. [PMID: 37298912 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on stimuli-responsive host-guest systems is at the cutting edge of supramolecular chemistry, owing to their numerous potential applications such as catalysis, molecular machines, and drug delivery. Herein, we present a multi-responsive host-guest system comprising azo-macrocycle 1 and 4,4'-bipyridinium salt G1 for pH-, photo-, and cation- responsiveness. Previously, we reported a novel hydrogen-bonded azo-macrocycle 1. The size of this host can be controlled through light-induced E↔Z photo-isomerization of the constituent azo-benzenes. The host is found in this work to be capable of forming stable complexes with bipyridinium/pyridinium salts, and implementing guest capture and release with G1 under light in a controlled manner. The binding and release of the guest in the complexes can also be easily controlled reversibly by using acid and base. Moreover, the cation competition-induced dissociation of the complex 1a2⊃G1 is achieved. These findings are expected to be useful in regulating encapsulation for sophisticated supramolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xianghui Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Wen Feng
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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3
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Zhao H, Hu YL, Shen L, Sun JF, Yang B, Gao ZZ, Wei G. Inverted Cucurbit[7]uril-Induced Supramolecular Fluorescence Enhancement in Hemicyanine Dye and Its Analysis Application. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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4
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Wang C, Tang Q, Zhao J, Xiao X, Tao Z, Huang Y. Stimuli‐Responsive Complexation Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril and
p
‐Diaminoazobenzene. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng‐hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Qing Tang
- College of Tobacco of Guizhou University Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
- The Engineering and Research Center for Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources of the National Education Ministry of China Guizhou University Guiyang 550025 China
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Zhao H, Shen FF, Sun JF, Gao ZZ. Cucurbit[8]uril-controlled [2 + 2] photodimerization of styrylpyridinium molecule. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Nie H, Wei Z, Ni XL, Liu Y. Assembly and Applications of Macrocyclic-Confinement-Derived Supramolecular Organic Luminescent Emissions from Cucurbiturils. Chem Rev 2022; 122:9032-9077. [PMID: 35312308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s or CB[n]s), as a classical of artificial organic macrocyclic hosts, were found to have excellent advantages in the fabricating of tunable and smart organic luminescent materials in aqueous media and the solid state with high emitting efficiency under the rigid pumpkin-shaped structure-derived macrocyclic-confinement effect in recent years. This review aims to give a systematically up-to-date overview of the Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions from the confined spaces triggered host-guest complexes, including the assembly fashions and the mechanisms of the macrocycle-based luminescent complexes, as well as their applications. Finally, challenges and outlook are provided. Since this class of Q[n]-based supramolecular organic luminescent emissions, which have essentially derived from the cavity-dependent confinement effect and the resulting assembly fashions, emerged only a few years ago, we hope this review will provide valuable information for the further development of macrocycle-based light-emitting materials and other related research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigen Nie
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin-Long Ni
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ministry of Educational of China), Key Laboratory of the Assembly and Application of Organic Functional Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China.,Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Luo Y, Zhang W, Yang MX, Feng XH, Redshaw C, Li Q, Tao Z, Xiao X. A Twisted Cucurbit[14]Uril-Based Fluorescent Supramolecular Polymer Mediated by Metal Ion. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mao Xia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xian Hao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Carl Redshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Bhaumik SK, Biswas R, Banerjee S. Cucurbituril Based Luminescent Materials in Aqueous Media and Solid State. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:2195-2210. [PMID: 34159742 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Cucurbit[n]urils, the pumpkin shaped macrocyclic host molecules possessing a hydrophobic cavity and two identical carbonyl portals, have drawn a lot of attention in recent years due to their high-affinity yet dynamic molecular recognition properties in water. The reversible and stimuli-responsive nature of their host-guest complexes imparts "smart" features leading to materials with intriguing optical, mechanical and morphological properties. In this review, we focus on the design of cucurbituril based luminescent materials in aqueous media as well in solid or film state. The design principles of fluorescent complexes, small assemblies as well as supramolecular polymers along with their stimuli-responsive properties and applications in diverse areas such as optoelectronic devices, light harvesting, anti-counterfeiting and information technology, cell imaging, etc are highlighted with selected examples from recent literature. We also discuss examples of room temperature phosphorescent materials derived from purely organic luminogens in the presence of cucurbiturils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Kanti Bhaumik
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Rakesh Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
| | - Supratim Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, 741246, India
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Fan Y, Gao RH, Huang Y, Bian B, Tao Z, Xiao X. Supramolecular Fluorescence Probe Based on Twisted Cucurbit[14]uril for Sensing Fungicide Flusilazole. Front Chem 2019; 7:154. [PMID: 30949474 PMCID: PMC6437033 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-guest complex of the common dye, thioflavin T (ThT), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) was selected as a fluorescent probe to determine non-fluorescent triazole fungicides, including flusilazole, azaconazole, triadimefon, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, flutriafol, penconazole, and triadimenol isomer A, in an aqueous solution. The experimental results reveal that the ThT@tQ[14] probe selectively responded to flusilazole with significant fluorescence quenching and a detection limit of 1.27 × 10-8 mol/L. In addition, the response mechanism involves not only a cooperation interaction-ThT occupies a side-cavity of the tQ[14] host and the triazole fungicide occupies another side-cavity of the tQ[14] host-but also a competition interaction in which both ThT and the triazole fungicide occupy the side-cavities of the tQ[14] host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rui-Han Gao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bing Bian
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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10
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Gao ZZ, Kan J, Tao Z, Bian B, Xiao X. A stimuli-responsive supramolecular assembly between inverted cucurbit[7]uril and hemicyanine dye. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03344g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of inverted curcurbit[7]uril (iQ[7]) on the binding mode of 2-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-1-methylpyridinium (DASPMI) was determined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Zheng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Jinglan Kan
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes
- Ministry of Education
| | - Zhu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
| | - Bing Bian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266510
- China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Macrocyclic and Supramolecular Chemistry of Guizhou Province
- Guizhou University
- Guiyang 550025
- China
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