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Sun R, Lv J, Xue X, Yu S, Tan Z. Chemical Sensors using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurements. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300181. [PMID: 37080926 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Driven by the digitization and informatization of contemporary society, electrical sensors are developing toward minimal structure, intelligent function, and high detection resolution. Single-molecule electrical measurement techniques have been proven to be capable of label-free molecular recognition and detection, which opens a new strategy for the design of efficient single-molecule detection sensors. In this review, we outline the main advances and potentials of single-molecule electronics for qualitative identification and recognition assays at the single-molecule level. Strategies for single-molecule electro-sensing and its main applications are reviewed, mainly in the detection of ions, small molecules, oligomers, genetic materials, and proteins. This review summarizes the remaining challenges in the current development of single-molecule electrical sensing and presents some potential perspectives for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Jieyao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, P. R. China
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2
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Kamiya K, Kayama K, Nobuoka M, Sakaguchi S, Sakurai T, Kawata M, Tsutsui Y, Suda M, Idesaki A, Koshikawa H, Sugimoto M, Lakshmi GBVS, Avasthi DK, Seki S. Ubiquitous organic molecule-based free-standing nanowires with ultra-high aspect ratios. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4025. [PMID: 34188041 PMCID: PMC8241875 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical dimension of semiconductor devices is approaching the single-nm regime, and a variety of practical devices of this scale are targeted for production. Planar structures of nano-devices are still the center of fabrication techniques, which limit further integration of devices into a chip. Extension into 3D space is a promising strategy for future; however, the surface interaction in 3D nanospace make it hard to integrate nanostructures with ultrahigh aspect ratios. Here we report a unique technique using high-energy charged particles to produce free-standing 1D organic nanostructures with high aspect ratios over 100 and controlled number density. Along the straight trajectory of particles penetrating the films of various sublimable organic molecules, 1D nanowires were formed with approximately 10~15 nm thickness and controlled length. An all-dry process was developed to isolate the nanowires, and planar or coaxial heterojunction structures were built into the nanowires. Electrical and structural functions of the developed standing nanowire arrays were investigated, demonstrating the potential of the present ultrathin organic nanowire systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshi Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kayama
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Nobuoka
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shugo Sakaguchi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Minori Kawata
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsui
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Suda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akira Idesaki
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koshikawa
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masaki Sugimoto
- Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Takasaki, Gunma, Japan
| | - G B V S Lakshmi
- Special Center for Nanoscience, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - D K Avasthi
- Department of Physics, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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3
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Sun P, Chen Y, Sun B, Zhang H, Chen K, Miao H, Fan Q, Huang W. Thienothiadiazole-Based NIR-II Dyes with D-A-D Structure for NIR-II Fluorescence Imaging Systems. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:4542-4548. [PMID: 35006790 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging (FI) in the second near-infrared optical window (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) has received increasing focus due to its capacity of high spatiotemporal resolution, rapid real-time imaging, and deep penetration depth. In addition, D-A-D-based organic small molecules have also attracted wide attention due to their designed chemical structure and rapid renal metabolism. However, most of the fluorescent cores were based on benzobisthiadiazole (BBTD) and 6,7-diphenyl-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-g]quinoxaline (TTQ). The design and development of fluorescent core still remain challenging. Therefore, two NIR-II dyes based on the acceptor 4,6-di(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (TTDT) were designed and developed with donors tributyl(5-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)stannane (TF) and (5-(9,9'-spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)tributylstannane (TSF) by the Stille coupling reaction, respectively. Subsequently, the corresponding nanoparticles were prepared, and then TTDT-TF-based nanoparticles with superior photostability and strong NIR-II fluorescence signals were chosen for NIR-II FI. More importantly, the in vivo experiments suggested that TTDT-TF NPs exhibited significant accumulation at tumor sites and high signal-to-background ratio (SBR). The above results indicated that the two D-A-D-type fluorophores based on TTDT have potential for NIR-II FI with superior imaging quality and imaging-guided surgery or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Han Miao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Quli Fan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.,Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics & Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Ashfaq A, Clochard MC, Coqueret X, Dispenza C, Driscoll MS, Ulański P, Al-Sheikhly M. Polymerization Reactions and Modifications of Polymers by Ionizing Radiation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2877. [PMID: 33266261 PMCID: PMC7760743 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation has become the most effective way to modify natural and synthetic polymers through crosslinking, degradation, and graft polymerization. This review will include an in-depth analysis of radiation chemistry mechanisms and the kinetics of the radiation-induced C-centered free radical, anion, and cation polymerization, and grafting. It also presents sections on radiation modifications of synthetic and natural polymers. For decades, low linear energy transfer (LLET) ionizing radiation, such as gamma rays, X-rays, and up to 10 MeV electron beams, has been the primary tool to produce many products through polymerization reactions. Photons and electrons interaction with polymers display various mechanisms. While the interactions of gamma ray and X-ray photons are mainly through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair-production, the interactions of the high-energy electrons take place through coulombic interactions. Despite the type of radiation used on materials, photons or high energy electrons, in both cases ions and electrons are produced. The interactions between electrons and monomers takes place within less than a nanosecond. Depending on the dose rate (dose is defined as the absorbed radiation energy per unit mass), the kinetic chain length of the propagation can be controlled, hence allowing for some control over the degree of polymerization. When polymers are submitted to high-energy radiation in the bulk, contrasting behaviors are observed with a dominant effect of cross-linking or chain scission, depending on the chemical nature and physical characteristics of the material. Polymers in solution are subject to indirect effects resulting from the radiolysis of the medium. Likewise, for radiation-induced polymerization, depending on the dose rate, the free radicals generated on polymer chains can undergo various reactions, such as inter/intramolecular combination or inter/intramolecular disproportionation, b-scission. These reactions lead to structural or functional polymer modifications. In the presence of oxygen, playing on irradiation dose-rates, one can favor crosslinking reactions or promotes degradations through oxidations. The competition between the crosslinking reactions of C-centered free radicals and their reactions with oxygen is described through fundamental mechanism formalisms. The fundamentals of polymerization reactions are herein presented to meet industrial needs for various polymer materials produced or degraded by irradiation. Notably, the medical and industrial applications of polymers are endless and thus it is vital to investigate the effects of sterilization dose and dose rate on various polymers and copolymers with different molecular structures and morphologies. The presence or absence of various functional groups, degree of crystallinity, irradiation temperature, etc. all greatly affect the radiation chemistry of the irradiated polymers. Over the past decade, grafting new chemical functionalities on solid polymers by radiation-induced polymerization (also called RIG for Radiation-Induced Grafting) has been widely exploited to develop innovative materials in coherence with actual societal expectations. These novel materials respond not only to health emergencies but also to carbon-free energy needs (e.g., hydrogen fuel cells, piezoelectricity, etc.) and environmental concerns with the development of numerous specific adsorbents of chemical hazards and pollutants. The modification of polymers through RIG is durable as it covalently bonds the functional monomers. As radiation penetration depths can be varied, this technique can be used to modify polymer surface or bulk. The many parameters influencing RIG that control the yield of the grafting process are discussed in this review. These include monomer reactivity, irradiation dose, solvent, presence of inhibitor of homopolymerization, grafting temperature, etc. Today, the general knowledge of RIG can be applied to any solid polymer and may predict, to some extent, the grafting location. A special focus is on how ionizing radiation sources (ion and electron beams, UVs) may be chosen or mixed to combine both solid polymer nanostructuration and RIG. LLET ionizing radiation has also been extensively used to synthesize hydrogel and nanogel for drug delivery systems and other advanced applications. In particular, nanogels can either be produced by radiation-induced polymerization and simultaneous crosslinking of hydrophilic monomers in "nanocompartments", i.e., within the aqueous phase of inverse micelles, or by intramolecular crosslinking of suitable water-soluble polymers. The radiolytically produced oxidizing species from water, •OH radicals, can easily abstract H-atoms from the backbone of the dissolved polymers (or can add to the unsaturated bonds) leading to the formation of C-centered radicals. These C-centered free radicals can undergo two main competitive reactions; intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinking. When produced by electron beam irradiation, higher temperatures, dose rates within the pulse, and pulse repetition rates favour intramolecular crosslinking over intermolecular crosslinking, thus enabling a better control of particle size and size distribution. For other water-soluble biopolymers such as polysaccharides, proteins, DNA and RNA, the abstraction of H atoms or the addition to the unsaturation by •OH can lead to the direct scission of the backbone, double, or single strand breaks of these polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiysha Ashfaq
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Marie-Claude Clochard
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, CEA/DRF/IRAMIS-CNRS- Ecole Polytechnique UMR 7642, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France;
| | - Xavier Coqueret
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, BP 1039, 51687 Reims CEDEX 2, France;
| | - Clelia Dispenza
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze 6, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
- Istituto di BioFisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via U. La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mark S. Driscoll
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
- UV/EB Technology Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Piotr Ulański
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Mohamad Al-Sheikhly
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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Sakaguchi S, Sakurai T, Idesaki A, Koshikawa H, Sugimoto M, Seki S. Highly Efficient Solid-State Intra-Track Polymerization of Ethynyl-Substituted Spirobifluorenes Triggered by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiations. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2020. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.33.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shugo Sakaguchi
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
| | - Akira Idesaki
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST)
| | - Hiroshi Koshikawa
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST)
| | - Masaki Sugimoto
- Department of Advanced Functional Materials Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology (QST)
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University
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Interactions of Single Particle with Organic Matters: A Facile Bottom-Up Approach to Low Dimensional Nanostructures. QUANTUM BEAM SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/qubs4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A particle induces a pack of chemical reactions in nanospace: chemical reactions confined into extremely small space provide an ultimate technique for the nanofabrication of organic matter with a variety of functions. Since the discovery of particle accelerators, an extremely high energy density can be deposited, even by a single isolated particle with MeV-ordered kinetic energy. However, this was considered to cause severe damages to organic molecules due to its relatively small bond energies, and lack of ability to control the reactions precisely to form the structures while retaining physico-chemical molecular functionalities. Practically, the severely damaged area along a particle trajectory: a core of a particle track has been simply visualized for the detection/dosimetry of an incident particle to the matters, or been removed to lead nanopores and functionalized by refilling/grafting of fresh organic/inorganic materials. The use of intra-track reactions in the so-called “penumbra” or “halo” area of functional organic materials has been realized and provided us with novel and facile protocols to provide low dimensional nano-materials with perfect size controllability in the 21st century. These protocols are now referred to as single particle nanofabrication technique (SPNT) and/or single particle triggered linear polymerization technique (STLiP), paving the way towards a new approach for nanomaterials with desired functionalities from original molecules. Herein, we report on the extremely wide applicability of SPNT/STLiP protocols for the future development of materials for opto-electronic, catalytic, and biological applications among others.
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