1
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Ye J, Mondal N, Carwithen BP, Zhang Y, Dai L, Fan XB, Mao J, Cui Z, Ghosh P, Otero-Martínez C, van Turnhout L, Huang YT, Yu Z, Chen Z, Greenham NC, Stranks SD, Polavarapu L, Bakulin A, Rao A, Hoye RLZ. Extending the defect tolerance of halide perovskite nanocrystals to hot carrier cooling dynamics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:8120. [PMID: 39285179 PMCID: PMC11405528 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Defect tolerance is a critical enabling factor for efficient lead-halide perovskite materials, but the current understanding is primarily on band-edge (cold) carriers, with significant debate over whether hot carriers can also exhibit defect tolerance. Here, this important gap in the field is addressed by investigating how intentionally-introduced traps affect hot carrier relaxation in CsPbX3 nanocrystals (X = Br, I, or mixture). Using femtosecond interband and intraband spectroscopy, along with energy-dependent photoluminescence measurements and kinetic modelling, it is found that hot carriers are not universally defect tolerant in CsPbX3, but are strongly correlated to the defect tolerance of cold carriers, requiring shallow traps to be present (as in CsPbI3). It is found that hot carriers are directly captured by traps, instead of going through an intermediate cold carrier, and deeper traps cause faster hot carrier cooling, reducing the effects of the hot phonon bottleneck and Auger reheating. This work provides important insights into how defects influence hot carriers, which will be important for designing materials for hot carrier solar cells, multiexciton generation, and optical gain media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK.
| | - Ben P Carwithen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiang-Bing Fan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian Mao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Cui
- School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pratyush Ghosh
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Otero-Martínez
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Yi-Teng Huang
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhongzheng Yu
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ziming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Neil C Greenham
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry and Physics Group, Department of Physical Chemistry, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, Marcosende, Vigo, Spain
| | - Artem Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, UK
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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2
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Yu X, Shi P, Gong S, Huang Y, Xue J, Wang R, Chen X. Modulating hot carrier cooling and extraction with A-site organic cations in perovskites. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:121102. [PMID: 38533888 DOI: 10.1063/5.0205419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot carrier solar cells could offer a solution to achieve high efficiency solar cells. Due to the hot-phonon bottleneck in perovskites, the hot carrier lifetime could reach hundreds of ps. Such that exploring perovskites could be a good way to promote hot carrier technology. With the incorporation of large organic cations, the hot carrier lifetime can be improved. By using ultrafast transient spectroscopy, the hot carrier relaxation and extraction kinetics are measured. From the transient kinetics, 2-phenyl-acetamidine cation based perovskites exhibit the highest initial carrier temperature, longest carrier relaxation, and slowest hot carrier relaxation. Such superior behavior could be attributed to reduced electron-phonon coupling induced by lattice strain, which is a result of the large organic cation and also a possible surface electronic state change. Our discovery exhibits the potential to use large organic cations for the use of hot carrier perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemeng Yu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Pengju Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shaokuan Gong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuling Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Engineering, Westlake University and Institute of Advanced Technology, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robotics and Flexible Manufacturing Systems, SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Niu G, Jiang J, Wang X, Che L, Sui L, Wu G, Yuan K, Yang X. Time-Resolved Dynamics of Metal Halide Perovskite under High Pressure: Recent Progress and Challenges. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1623-1635. [PMID: 38306470 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have garnered significant attention in the scientific community for their promising applications in optoelectronic devices. The application of pressure engineering, a viable technique, has played a crucial role in substantially improving the optoelectronic characteristics of perovskites. Despite notable progress in understanding ground-state structural changes under high pressure, a comprehensive exploration of excited-state dynamics influencing luminescence remains incomplete. This Perspective delves into recent advances in time-resolved dynamics studies of photoexcited metal halide perovskites under high pressure. With a focus on the intricate interplay between structural alterations and electronic properties, we investigate electron-phonon interactions, carrier transport mechanisms, and the influential roles of self-trapped excitons (STEs) and coherent phonons in luminescence. However, significant challenges persist, notably the need for more advanced measurement techniques and a deeper understanding of the phenomena induced by high pressure in perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangming Niu
- Marine Engineering College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jutao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Physics School of Science, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, P. R. China
| | - Laizhi Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Guorong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Kaijun Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Dalian Coherent Light Source, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences 457 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- Department of Chemistry College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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4
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Tian X, Fang Q, Long R, Fang WH. Great Influence of Pressure and Isotope Effects on Nonradiative Charge Loss in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7134-7140. [PMID: 37534991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The intrinsic softness of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) allows their lattice and optoelectronic performance to be tunable to external pressure. Using nonadiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics, we demonstrate that a mild pressure accelerates hot electron relaxation and suppresses nonradiative electron-hole recombination in CH3NH3PbI3. Both processes are governed by NA coupling, which is enhanced between the electronic states of the quasi-continuous bands while is decreased between the band-edge states by reducing the electron-hole wave function overlap. Hydrogen/deuterium isotope exchange alleviates the pressure-induced NA coupling by increasing lattice rigidity and decreasing wave function overlap, slowing down both the hot electron relaxation and electron-hole recombination processes. The simulated time scales of sub-3 ps for hot electron relaxation and half nanoseconds for recombination agree well with the experiments. The study suggests that the isotope exchange can mitigate the pressure-caused fast losses of hot electrons and further prolong the charge carrier lifetime in HOIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Tian
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Qiu Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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5
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Carwithen BP, Hopper TR, Ge Z, Mondal N, Wang T, Mazlumian R, Zheng X, Krieg F, Montanarella F, Nedelcu G, Kroll M, Siguan MA, Frost JM, Leo K, Vaynzof Y, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Bakulin AA. Confinement and Exciton Binding Energy Effects on Hot Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanomaterials. ACS NANO 2023; 17:6638-6648. [PMID: 36939330 PMCID: PMC10100565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation of the above-gap ("hot") carriers in lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is important for applications in photovoltaics and offers insights into carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions. However, the role of quantum confinement in the hot carrier dynamics of nanosystems is still disputed. Here, we devise a single approach, ultrafast pump-push-probe spectroscopy, to study carrier cooling in six different size-controlled LHP nanomaterials. In cuboidal nanocrystals, we observe only a weak size effect on the cooling dynamics. In contrast, two-dimensional systems show suppression of the hot phonon bottleneck effect common in bulk perovskites. The proposed kinetic model describes the intrinsic and density-dependent cooling times accurately in all studied perovskite systems using only carrier-carrier, carrier-phonon, and excitonic coupling constants. This highlights the impact of exciton formation on carrier cooling and promotes dimensional confinement as a tool for engineering carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier interactions in LHP optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P. Carwithen
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ziyuan Ge
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Tong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Rozana Mazlumian
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Xijia Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Kroll
- Center
for
Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo Siguan
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Karl Leo
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
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6
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Gao Q, Kang J. Hot carrier relaxation in CsPbBr 3 nanocrystals: electron-hole asymmetry and shape effects. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9891-9896. [PMID: 35416203 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the optoelectronic performance of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals calls for understanding and manipulation of their hot carrier relaxation processes. In this work, the hot carrier relaxation in a nanocube (NC) and a nanoplate (NPL) of CsPbBr3 is studied using non-adiabatic molecular dynamics based on first-principles calculations. Strong electron-hole asymmetry in the relaxation processes is observed. Regardless of the nanocrystal shape, the hot hole cooling rate is much faster than that of hot electrons. Moreover, while the hot-hole relaxation is insensitive to the excitation energy, faster relaxation of hot electrons is observed with a lower excitation energy. The origin of the asymmetry is associated with the orbital characters and density of states at the band edges. The hot-hole relaxation is strongly affected by the shape of the nanocrystal. It is faster in the NPL than in the NC. This is attributed to the larger atomic displacements in the NPL due to its higher surface/volume ratio. These results provide theoretical insights for fundamental understanding of excited-state dynamics in LHPs and may help the development of hot-carrier optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Gao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jun Kang
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Zheng X, Hopper TR, Gorodetsky A, Maimaris M, Xu W, Martin BAA, Frost JM, Bakulin AA. Multipulse Terahertz Spectroscopy Unveils Hot Polaron Photoconductivity Dynamics in Metal-Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8732-8739. [PMID: 34478291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hot carriers in metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) present a foundation for understanding carrier-phonon coupling in the materials as well as the prospective development of high-performance hot carrier photovoltaics. While the carrier population dynamics during cooling have been scrutinized, the evolution of the hot carrier properties, namely mobility, remains largely unexplored. Here we introduce novel ultrafast visible pump-infrared push-terahertz probe spectroscopy to monitor the real-time conductivity dynamics of cooling carriers in methylammonium lead iodide. We find a decrease in mobility upon optically re-exciting the carriers, as expected for band transport. Surprisingly, the conductivity recovery is incommensurate with the hot carrier population dynamics measured by infrared probe and exhibits a negligible dependence on the hot carrier density. Our results reveal the importance of localized lattice heating toward the hot carrier mobility. This collective polaron-lattice phenomenon may contribute to the unusual photophysics of MHPs and should be accounted for in hot carrier devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijia Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bradley A A Martin
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jarvist M Frost
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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