1
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Liu Y, Wang L, Hübner R, Kresse J, Zhang X, Deconinick M, Vaynzof Y, Weidinger IM, Eychmüller A. Cobalt-based Co 3Mo 3N/Co 4N/Co Metallic Heterostructure as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319239. [PMID: 38314947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis holds promise for large-scale hydrogen production, yet it encounters challenges like high voltage and limited stability at higher current densities, primarily due to inefficient electron transport kinetics. Herein, a novel cobalt-based metallic heterostructure (Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co) is designed for excellent water electrolysis. In operando Raman experiments reveal that the formation of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface boosts the free water adsorption and dissociation, increasing the available protons for subsequent hydrogen production. Furthermore, the altered electronic structure of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface optimizes ΔGH of the nitrogen atoms at the interface. This synergistic effect between interfacial nitrogen atoms and metal phase cobalt creates highly efficient active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby enhancing the overall HER performance. Additionally, the heterostructure exhibits a rapid OH- adsorption rate, coupled with great adsorption strength, leading to improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Crucially, the metallic heterojunction accelerates electron transport, expediting the afore-mentioned reaction steps and enhancing water splitting efficiency. The Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co electrocatalyst in the water electrolyzer delivers excellent performance, with a low 1.58 V cell voltage at 10 mA cm-2, and maintains 100 % retention over 100 hours at 200 mA cm-2, surpassing the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Liu
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lirong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Kresse
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Marielle Deconinick
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Senina A, Prudnikau A, Wrzesińska-Lashkova A, Vaynzof Y, Paulus F. Cation exchange synthesis of AgBiS 2 quantum dots for highly efficient solar cells. Nanoscale 2024. [PMID: 38497100 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06128k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Silver bismuth sulfide (AgBiS2) nanocrystals have emerged as a promising eco-friendly, low-cost solar cell absorber material. Their direct synthesis often relies on the hot-injection method, requiring the application of high temperatures and vacuum for prolonged times. Here, we demonstrate an alternative synthetic approach via a cation exchange reaction. In the first-step, bis(stearoyl)sulfide is used as an air-stable sulfur precursor for the synthesis of small, monodisperse Ag2S nanocrystals at room-temperature. In a second step, bismuth cations are incorporated into the nanocrystal lattice to form ternary AgBiS2 nanocrystals, without altering their size and shape. When implemented into photovoltaic devices, AgBiS2 nanocrystals obtained by cation exchange reach power conversion efficiencies of up to 7.35%, demonstrating the efficacy of the new synthetic approach for the formation of high-quality, ternary semiconducting nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Senina
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anatol Prudnikau
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Angelika Wrzesińska-Lashkova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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3
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Tammireddy S, Lintangpradipto MN, Telschow O, Futscher MH, Ehrler B, Bakr OM, Vaynzof Y, Deibel C. Hysteresis and Its Correlation to Ionic Defects in Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1363-1372. [PMID: 38286839 PMCID: PMC10860142 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ion migration has been reported to be one of the main reasons for hysteresis in the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics of perovskite solar cells. We investigate the interplay between ionic conduction and hysteresis types by studying Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 triple-cation perovskite solar cells through a combination of impedance spectroscopy (IS) and sweep-rate-dependent J-V curves. By comparing polycrystalline devices to single-crystal MAPbI3 devices, we separate two defects, β and γ, both originating from long-range ionic conduction in the bulk. Defect β is associated with a dielectric relaxation, while the migration of γ is influenced by the perovskite/hole transport layer interface. These conduction types are the causes of different types of hysteresis in J-V curves. The accumulation of ionic defects at the transport layer is the dominant cause for observing tunnel-diode-like characteristics in the J-V curves. By comparing devices with interface modifications at the electron and hole transport layers, we discuss the species and polarity of involved defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Tammireddy
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Muhammad N. Lintangpradipto
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
(PSE), King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Oscar Telschow
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical
University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz H. Futscher
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa -
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Ehrler
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- KAUST
Catalysis Center (KCC), Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
(PSE), King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom
of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical
University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute
for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut
für Physik, Technische Universität
Chemnitz, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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4
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Lapalikar V, Dacha P, Hambsch M, Hofstetter YJ, Vaynzof Y, Mannsfeld SCB, Ruck M. Influence of chemical interactions on the electronic properties of BiOI/organic semiconductor heterojunctions for application in solution-processed electronics. J Mater Chem C Mater 2024; 12:1366-1376. [PMID: 38282908 PMCID: PMC10809049 DOI: 10.1039/d3tc03443g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Bismuth oxide iodide (BiOI) has been viewed as a suitable environmentally-friendly alternative to lead-halide perovskites for low-cost (opto-)electronic applications such as photodetectors, phototransistors and sensors. To enable its incorporation in these devices in a convenient, scalable, and economical way, BiOI thin films were investigated as part of heterojunctions with various p-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) and tested in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. The hybrid heterojunctions, which combine the respective functionalities of BiOI and the OSCs were processed from solution under ambient atmosphere. The characteristics of each of these hybrid systems were correlated with the physical and chemical properties of the respective materials using a concept based on heteropolar chemical interactions at the interface. Systems suitable for application in lateral transport devices were identified and it was demonstrated how materials in the hybrids interact to provide improved and synergistic properties. These indentified heterojunction FETs are a first instance of successful incorporation of solution-processed BiOI thin films in a three-terminal device. They show a significant threshold voltage shift and retained carrier mobility compared to pristine OSC devices and open up possibilities for future optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidehi Lapalikar
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Preetam Dacha
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Mike Hambsch
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Stefan C B Mannsfeld
- Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technische Universität Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Michael Ruck
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Technische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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5
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Gallop NP, Maslennikov DR, Mondal N, Goetz KP, Dai Z, Schankler AM, Sung W, Nihonyanagi S, Tahara T, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Vaynzof Y, Rappe AM, Bakulin AA. Ultrafast vibrational control of organohalide perovskite optoelectronic devices using vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. Nat Mater 2024; 23:88-94. [PMID: 37985838 PMCID: PMC10769873 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational control (VC) of photochemistry through the optical stimulation of structural dynamics is a nascent concept only recently demonstrated for model molecules in solution. Extending VC to state-of-the-art materials may lead to new applications and improved performance for optoelectronic devices. Metal halide perovskites are promising targets for VC due to their mechanical softness and the rich array of vibrational motions of both their inorganic and organic sublattices. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast VC of FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells via intramolecular vibrations of the formamidinium cation using spectroscopic techniques based on vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. The observed short (~300 fs) time window of VC highlights the fast dynamics of coupling between the cation and inorganic sublattice. First-principles modelling reveals that this coupling is mediated by hydrogen bonds that modulate both lead halide lattice and electronic states. Cation dynamics modulating this coupling may suppress non-radiative recombination in perovskites, leading to photovoltaics with reduced voltage losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dmitry R Maslennikov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katelyn P Goetz
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Woongmo Sung
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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6
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Bautista-Quijano JR, Telschow O, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Solvent-antisolvent interactions in metal halide perovskites. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10588-10603. [PMID: 37578354 PMCID: PMC10470408 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of metal halide perovskite films using the solvent-engineering method is increasingly common. In this method, the crystallisation of the perovskite layer is triggered by the application of an antisolvent during the spin-coating of a perovskite precursor solution. Herein, we introduce the current state of understanding of the processes involved in the crystallisation of perovskite layers formed by solvent engineering, focusing in particular on the role of antisolvent properties and solvent-antisolvent interactions. By considering the impact of the Hansen solubility parameters, we propose guidelines for selecting the appropriate antisolvent and outline open questions and future research directions for the fabrication of perovskite films by this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Roberto Bautista-Quijano
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Oscar Telschow
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Zhang Z, Ji R, Hofstetter YJ, Deconinck M, Brunner J, Li Y, An Q, Vaynzof Y. Towards low-temperature processing of efficient γ-CsPbI 3 perovskite solar cells. J Mater Chem A Mater 2023; 11:16115-16126. [PMID: 38013759 PMCID: PMC10394668 DOI: 10.1039/d3ta03249c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted enormous attention due to their excellent thermal stability and optical bandgap (∼1.73 eV), well-suited for tandem device applications. However, achieving high-performance photovoltaic devices processed at low temperatures is still challenging. Here we reported a new method for the fabrication of high-efficiency and stable γ-CsPbI3 PSCs at lower temperatures than was previously possible by introducing the long-chain organic cation salt ethane-1,2-diammonium iodide (EDAI2) and regulating the content of lead acetate (Pb(OAc)2) in the perovskite precursor solution. We find that EDAI2 acts as an intermediate that can promote the formation of γ-CsPbI3, while excess Pb(OAc)2 can further stabilize the γ-phase of CsPbI3 perovskite. Consequently, improved crystallinity and morphology and reduced carrier recombination are observed in the CsPbI3 films fabricated by the new method. By optimizing the hole transport layer of CsPbI3 inverted architecture solar cells, we demonstrate efficiencies of up to 16.6%, surpassing previous reports examining γ-CsPbI3 in inverted PSCs. Notably, the encapsulated solar cells maintain 97% of their initial efficiency at room temperature and under dim light for 25 days, demonstrating the synergistic effect of EDAI2 and Pb(OAc)2 in stabilizing γ-CsPbI3 PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongbao Zhang
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Ran Ji
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Marielle Deconinck
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Julius Brunner
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische Universität Dresden Nöthnitzer Straße 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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8
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Synnatschke K, Moses Badlyan N, Wrzesińska A, Lozano Onrubia G, Hansen AL, Wolff S, Tornatzky H, Bensch W, Vaynzof Y, Maultzsch J, Backes C. Sonication-assisted liquid phase exfoliation of two-dimensional CrTe 3 under inert conditions. Ultrason Sonochem 2023; 98:106528. [PMID: 37506508 PMCID: PMC10407284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) has been used for the successful fabrication of nanosheets from a large number of van der Waals materials. While this allows to study fundamental changes of material properties' associated with reduced dimensions, it also changes the chemistry of many materials due to a significant increase of the effective surface area, often accompanied with enhanced reactivity and accelerated oxidation. To prevent material decomposition, LPE and processing in inert atmosphere have been developed, which enables the preparation of pristine nanomaterials, and to systematically study compositional changes over time for different storage conditions. Here, we demonstrate the inert exfoliation of the oxidation-sensitive van der Waals crystal, CrTe3. The pristine nanomaterial was purified and size-selected by centrifugation, nanosheet dimensions in the fractions quantified by atomic force microscopy and studied by Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and photo spectroscopic measurements. We find a dependence of the relative intensities of the CrTe3 Raman modes on the propagation direction of the incident light, which prevents a correlation of the Raman spectral profile to the nanosheet dimensions. XPS and EDX reveal that the contribution of surface oxides to the spectra is reduced after exfoliation compared to the bulk material. Further, the decomposition mechanism of the nanosheets was studied by time-dependent extinction measurements after water titration experiments to initially dry solvents, which suggest that water plays a significant role in the material decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Synnatschke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; School of Physics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Narine Moses Badlyan
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Angelika Wrzesińska
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden 01069, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Guillermo Lozano Onrubia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Hansen
- Institute for Applied Materials-Energy Storage Systems (IAM-ESS), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344 Eggenstein, Germany; Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Wolff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans Tornatzky
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bensch
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany; Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden 01069, Sachsen, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institute for Solid-State Physics, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstraße 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany; Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudia Backes
- Chair of Physical Chemistry of Nanomaterials, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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9
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Goetz KP, Thome FTF, An Q, Hofstetter YJ, Schramm T, Yangui A, Kiligaridis A, Loeffler M, Taylor AD, Scheblykin IG, Vaynzof Y. Remarkable performance recovery in highly defective perovskite solar cells by photo-oxidation. J Mater Chem C Mater 2023; 11:8007-8017. [PMID: 37362025 PMCID: PMC10286220 DOI: 10.1039/d2tc05077c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental factors is generally expected to cause degradation in perovskite films and solar cells. Herein, we show that films with certain defect profiles can display the opposite effect, healing upon exposure to oxygen under illumination. We tune the iodine content of methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite from understoichiometric to overstoichiometric and expose them to oxygen and light prior to the addition of the top layers of the device, thereby examining the defect dependence of their photooxidative response in the absence of storage-related chemical processes. The contrast between the photovoltaic properties of the cells with different defects is stark. Understoichiometric samples indeed degrade, demonstrating performance at 33% of their untreated counterparts, while stoichiometric samples maintain their performance levels. Surprisingly, overstoichiometric samples, which show low current density and strong reverse hysteresis when untreated, heal to maximum performance levels (the same as untreated, stoichiometric samples) upon the photooxidative treatment. A similar, albeit smaller-scale, effect is observed for triple cation and methylammonium-free compositions, demonstrating the general application of this treatment to state-of-the-art compositions. We examine the reasons behind this response by a suite of characterization techniques, finding that the performance changes coincide with microstructural decay at the crystal surface, reorientation of the bulk crystal structure for the understoichiometric cells, and a decrease in the iodine-to-lead ratio of all films. These results indicate that defect engineering is a powerful tool to manipulate the stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn P Goetz
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Fabian T F Thome
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Tim Schramm
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Aymen Yangui
- Chemical Physics and NanoLund, Lund University Lund Sweden
| | | | - Markus Loeffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis, Technical University of Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander D Taylor
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
| | | | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
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10
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Telschow O, Scheffczyk N, Hinderhofer A, Merten L, Kneschaurek E, Bertram F, Zhou Q, Löffler M, Schreiber F, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Elucidating Structure Formation in Highly Oriented Triple Cation Perovskite Films. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2206325. [PMID: 37078840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of crystalline semiconductors of great interest for application in optoelectronics. Their properties are dictated not only by their composition, but also by their crystalline structure and microstructure. While significant efforts are dedicated to the development of strategies for microstructural control, significantly less is known about the processes that govern the formation of their crystalline structure in thin films, in particular in the context of crystalline orientation. This work investigates the formation of highly oriented triple cation perovskite films fabricated by utilizing a range of alcohols as an antisolvent. Examining the film formation by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals the presence of a short-lived highly oriented crystalline intermediate, which is identified as FAI-PbI2 -xDMSO. The intermediate phase templates the crystallization of the perovskite layer, resulting in highly oriented perovskite layers. The formation of this dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing intermediate is triggered by the selective removal of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) when alcohols are used as an antisolvent, consequently leading to differing degrees of orientation depending on the antisolvent properties. Finally, this work demonstrates that photovoltaic devices fabricated from the highly oriented films, are superior to those with a random polycrystalline structure in terms of both performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Telschow
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qi Zhou
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Carwithen BP, Hopper TR, Ge Z, Mondal N, Wang T, Mazlumian R, Zheng X, Krieg F, Montanarella F, Nedelcu G, Kroll M, Siguan MA, Frost JM, Leo K, Vaynzof Y, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Bakulin AA. Confinement and Exciton Binding Energy Effects on Hot Carrier Cooling in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanomaterials. ACS Nano 2023; 17:6638-6648. [PMID: 36939330 PMCID: PMC10100565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation of the above-gap ("hot") carriers in lead halide perovskites (LHPs) is important for applications in photovoltaics and offers insights into carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon interactions. However, the role of quantum confinement in the hot carrier dynamics of nanosystems is still disputed. Here, we devise a single approach, ultrafast pump-push-probe spectroscopy, to study carrier cooling in six different size-controlled LHP nanomaterials. In cuboidal nanocrystals, we observe only a weak size effect on the cooling dynamics. In contrast, two-dimensional systems show suppression of the hot phonon bottleneck effect common in bulk perovskites. The proposed kinetic model describes the intrinsic and density-dependent cooling times accurately in all studied perovskite systems using only carrier-carrier, carrier-phonon, and excitonic coupling constants. This highlights the impact of exciton formation on carrier cooling and promotes dimensional confinement as a tool for engineering carrier-phonon and carrier-carrier interactions in LHP optoelectronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P. Carwithen
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Thomas R. Hopper
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ziyuan Ge
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Tong Wang
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Rozana Mazlumian
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Xijia Zheng
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Federico Montanarella
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Georgian Nedelcu
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747AG, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Kroll
- Center
for
Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo Siguan
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
| | - Karl Leo
- Integrated
Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair
for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technische
Universität Dresden, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz
Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Laboratory
of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artem A. Bakulin
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United
Kingdom
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12
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Aftenieva O, Brunner J, Adnan M, Sarkar S, Fery A, Vaynzof Y, König TAF. Directional Amplified Photoluminescence through Large-Area Perovskite-Based Metasurfaces. ACS Nano 2023; 17:2399-2410. [PMID: 36661409 PMCID: PMC9955732 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals are high-performance, solution-processed materials with a high photoluminescence quantum yield. Due to these exceptional properties, perovskites can serve as building blocks for metasurfaces and are of broad interest for photonic applications. Here, we use a simple grating configuration to direct and amplify the perovskite nanocrystals' original omnidirectional emission. Thus far, controlling these radiation properties was only possible over small areas and at a high expense, including the risks of material degradation. Using a soft lithographic printing process, we can now reliably structure perovskite nanocrystals from the organic solution into light-emitting metasurfaces with high contrast on a large area. We demonstrate the 13-fold amplified directional radiation with an angle-resolved Fourier spectroscopy, which is the highest observed amplification factor for the perovskite-based metasurfaces. Our self-assembly process allows for scalable fabrication of gratings with predefined periodicities and tunable optical properties. We further show the influence of solution concentration on structural geometry. By increasing the perovskite concentration 10-fold, we can produce waveguide structures with a grating coupler in one printing process. We analyze our approach with numerical modeling, considering the physiochemical properties to obtain the desired geometry. This strategy makes the tunable radiative properties of such perovskite-based metasurfaces usable for nonlinear light-emitting devices and directional light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olha Aftenieva
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Julius Brunner
- Integrated
Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing
Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University
of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187Dresden, Germany
| | - Mohammad Adnan
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Swagato Sarkar
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Fery
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069Dresden, Germany
- Physical
Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Technische
Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated
Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing
Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University
of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
| | - Tobias A. F. König
- Leibniz-Institut
für Polymerforschung e.V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069Dresden, Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of
Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66, 01069Dresden, Germany
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13
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Kress J, Quarti C, An Q, Bitton S, Tessler N, Beljonne D, Vaynzof Y. Persistent Ion Accumulation at Interfaces Improves the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Energy Lett 2022; 7:3302-3310. [PMID: 36277131 PMCID: PMC9578041 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The mixed ionic-electronic nature of lead halide perovskites makes their performance in solar cells complex in nature. Ion migration is often associated with negative impacts-such as hysteresis or device degradation-leading to significant efforts to suppress ionic movement in perovskite solar cells. In this work, we demonstrate that ion trapping at the perovskite/electron transport layer interface induces band bending, thus increasing the built-in potential and open-circuit voltage of the device. Quantum chemical calculations reveal that iodine interstitials are stabilized at that interface, effectively trapping them at a remarkably high density of ∼1021 cm-3 which causes the band bending. Despite the presence of this high density of ionic defects, the electronic structure calculations show no sub-band-gap states (electronic traps) are formed due to a pronounced perovskite lattice reorganization. Our work demonstrates that ionic traps can have a positive impact on device performance of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua
A. Kress
- Integrated
Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing
Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University
of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons−UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Qingzhi An
- Integrated
Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing
Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University
of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sapir Bitton
- Sara
and Moshe Zisapel Nanoelectronics Center, Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department, Technion Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Nir Tessler
- Sara
and Moshe Zisapel Nanoelectronics Center, Electrical and Computer
Engineering Department, Technion Israel
Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - David Beljonne
- Laboratory
for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University
of Mons−UMONS, Place du Parc 20, Mons 7000, Belgium
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated
Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing
Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University
of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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14
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Sullivan RP, Morningstar JT, Castellanos-Trejo E, Bradford RW, Hofstetter YJ, Vaynzof Y, Welker ME, Jurchescu OD. Intermolecular charge transfer enhances the performance of molecular rectifiers. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq7224. [PMID: 35930649 PMCID: PMC9355360 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-scale diodes made from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) could complement silicon-based technologies with smaller, cheaper, and more versatile devices. However, advancement of this emerging technology is limited by insufficient electronic performance exhibited by the molecular current rectifiers. We overcome this barrier by exploiting the charge-transfer state that results from co-assembling SAMs of molecules with strong electron donor and acceptor termini. We obtain a substantial enhancement in current rectification, which correlates with the degree of charge transfer, as confirmed by several complementary techniques. These findings provide a previously enexplored method for manipulating the properties of molecular electronic devices by exploiting donor/acceptor interactions. They also serve as a model test platform for the study of doping mechanisms in organic systems. Our devices have the potential for fast widespread adoption due to their low-cost processing and self-assembly onto silicon substrates, which could allow seamless integration with current technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Sullivan
- Deparment of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - John T. Morningstar
- Deparment of Chemistry and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Eduardo Castellanos-Trejo
- Deparment of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Robert W. Bradford
- Deparment of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Yvonne J. Hofstetter
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01089 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01089 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mark E. Welker
- Deparment of Chemistry and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Oana D. Jurchescu
- Deparment of Physics and Center for Functional Materials, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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15
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Antrack T, Kroll M, Sudzius M, Cho C, Imbrasas P, Albaladejo‐Siguan M, Benduhn J, Merten L, Hinderhofer A, Schreiber F, Reineke S, Vaynzof Y, Leo K. Optical Properties of Perovskite-Organic Multiple Quantum Wells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2200379. [PMID: 35780500 PMCID: PMC9403629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the optical properties of CsPbBr3 perovskite multiple quantum wells (MQW) with organic barrier layers is presented. Quantum confinement is observed by a blue-shift in absorption and emission spectra with decreasing well width and agrees well with simulations of the confinement energies. A large increase of emission intensity with thinner layers is observed, with a photoluminescence quantum yield up to 32 times higher than that of bulk layers. Amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) measurements show very low thresholds down to 7.3 µJ cm-2 for a perovskite thickness of 8.7 nm, significantly lower than previously observed for CsPbBr3 thin-films. With their increased photoluminescence efficiency and low ASE thresholds, MQW structures with CsPbBr3 are excellent candidates for high-efficiency perovskite-based LEDs and lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Antrack
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Markas Sudzius
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Paulius Imbrasas
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo‐Siguan
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Johannes Benduhn
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Alexander Hinderhofer
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte PhysikUniversität TübingenAuf der Morgenstelle 1072076TübingenGermany
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied PhysicsTechnische Universität DresdenNöthnitzer Str. 6101187DresdenGermany
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16
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Wöpke C, Göhler C, Saladina M, Du X, Nian L, Greve C, Zhu C, Yallum KM, Hofstetter YJ, Becker-Koch D, Li N, Heumüller T, Milekhin I, Zahn DRT, Brabec CJ, Banerji N, Vaynzof Y, Herzig EM, MacKenzie RCI, Deibel C. Traps and transport resistance are the next frontiers for stable non-fullerene acceptor solar cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3786. [PMID: 35778394 PMCID: PMC9249898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31326-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Stability is one of the most important challenges facing material research for organic solar cells (OSC) on their path to further commercialization. In the high-performance material system PM6:Y6 studied here, we investigate degradation mechanisms of inverted photovoltaic devices. We have identified two distinct degradation pathways: one requires the presence of both illumination and oxygen and features a short-circuit current reduction, the other one is induced thermally and marked by severe losses of open-circuit voltage and fill factor. We focus our investigation on the thermally accelerated degradation. Our findings show that bulk material properties and interfaces remain remarkably stable, however, aging-induced defect state formation in the active layer remains the primary cause of thermal degradation. The increased trap density leads to higher non-radiative recombination, which limits the open-circuit voltage and lowers the charge carrier mobility in the photoactive layer. Furthermore, we find the trap-induced transport resistance to be the major reason for the drop in fill factor. Our results suggest that device lifetimes could be significantly increased by marginally suppressing trap formation, leading to a bright future for OSC. Long operational stability is essential to commercialisation of organic solar cells. Here, the authors investigate the thermal degradation of inverted photovoltaic devices based on PM6:Y6 non-fullerene system to reveal that trap-induced transport resistance is primarily responsible for the drop in fill factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wöpke
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Clemens Göhler
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maria Saladina
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Li Nian
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Christopher Greve
- Physikalisches Institut, Dynamik und Strukturbildung - Herzig Group, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kaila M Yallum
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ilya Milekhin
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (HI ERN), Immerwahrstrasse 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Natalie Banerji
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva M Herzig
- Physikalisches Institut, Dynamik und Strukturbildung - Herzig Group, Universität Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Roderick C I MacKenzie
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, Lower Mount Joy, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Carsten Deibel
- Institut für Physik, Technische Universität Chemnitz, 09126, Chemnitz, Germany.
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17
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Wang SJ, Panhans M, Lashkov I, Kleemann H, Caglieris F, Becker-Koch D, Vahland J, Guo E, Huang S, Krupskaya Y, Vaynzof Y, Büchner B, Ortmann F, Leo K. Highly efficient modulation doping: A path toward superior organic thermoelectric devices. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabl9264. [PMID: 35353575 PMCID: PMC8967228 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the charge and thermoelectric transport in modulation-doped large-area rubrene thin-film crystals with different crystal phases. We show that modulation doping allows achieving superior doping efficiencies even for high doping densities, when conventional bulk doping runs into the reserve regime. Modulation-doped orthorhombic rubrene achieves much improved thermoelectric power factors, exceeding 20 μW m-1 K-2 at 80°C. Theoretical studies give insight into the energy landscape of the heterostructures and its influence on qualitative trends of the Seebeck coefficient. Our results show that modulation doping together with high-mobility crystalline organic semiconductor films is a previosly unexplored strategy for achieving high-performance organic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Jen Wang
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Leibnitz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michel Panhans
- Technische Universität München, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ilia Lashkov
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Federico Caglieris
- Leibnitz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- CNR-SPIN Institute, Corso F. M. Perrone 24, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörn Vahland
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erjuan Guo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Shiyu Huang
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yulia Krupskaya
- Leibnitz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bernd Büchner
- Leibnitz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research, IFW, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Ortmann
- Technische Universität München, Department of Chemistry, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching b. München, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtz Str. 18, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Becker-Koch D, Albaladejo-Siguan M, Kress J, Kumar R, Hofstetter YJ, An Q, Bakulin AA, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Oxygen-induced degradation in AgBiS 2 nanocrystal solar cells. Nanoscale 2022; 14:3020-3030. [PMID: 34937076 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06456h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells are among the most sustainable emerging photovoltaic technologies. Their environmentally-friendly composition and low energy consumption during fabrication make them particularly attractive for future applications. However, much remains unknown about the stability of these devices, in particular under operational conditions. In this study, we explore the effects of oxygen and light on the stability of AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells and identify its dependence on the charge extraction layers. Normally, the rate of oxygen-induced degradation of nanocrystals is related to their ligands, which determine the access sites by steric hindrance. We demonstrate that the ligands, commonly used in AgBiS2 solar cells, also play a crucial chemical role in the oxidation process. Specifically, we show that the tetramethylammonium iodide ligands enable their oxidation, leading to the formation of bismuth oxide and silver sulphide. Additionally, the rate of oxidation is impacted by the presence of water, often present at the surface of the ZnO electron extraction layer. Moreover, the degradation of the organic hole extraction layer also impacts the overall device stability and the materials' photophysics. The understanding of these degradation processes is necessary for the development of mitigation strategies for future generations of more stable AgBiS2 nanocrystal solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Joshua Kress
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Rhea Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, UK
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Qingzhi An
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processible Electronics, Imperial College London, London W120BZ, UK
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany.
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19
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Cho C, Jang YW, Lee S, Vaynzof Y, Choi M, Noh JH, Leo K. Effects of photon recycling and scattering in high-performance perovskite solar cells. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj1363. [PMID: 34936442 PMCID: PMC8694589 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Efficient external radiation is essential for solar cells to achieve high power conversion efficiency (PCE). The classical limit of 1/2n2 (n, refractive index) for electroluminescence quantum efficiency (ELQE) has recently been approached by perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Photon recycling (PR) and light scattering can provide an opportunity to surpass this limit. We investigate the role of PR and scattering in practical device operation using a radiative PSC with an ELQE (13.7% at 1 sun) that significantly surpasses the classical limit (7.4%). We experimentally analyze the contributions of PR and scattering to this strong radiation. A novel optical model reveals an increase of 39 mV in the voltage of our PSC. This analysis can provide design principles for future PSCs to approach the Shockley-Queisser efficiency limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Yeoun-Woo Jang
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mansoo Choi
- Global Frontier Center for Multiscale Energy Systems, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hong Noh
- School of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.C.); (J.H.N.); (K.L.)
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20
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Degani M, An Q, Albaladejo-Siguan M, Hofstetter YJ, Cho C, Paulus F, Grancini G, Vaynzof Y. 23.7% Efficient inverted perovskite solar cells by dual interfacial modification. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj7930. [PMID: 34851671 PMCID: PMC8635431 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj7930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress, the performance of lead halide perovskite solar cells fabricated in an inverted structure lags behind that of standard architecture devices. Here, we report on a dual interfacial modification approach based on the incorporation of large organic cations at both the bottom and top interfaces of the perovskite active layer. Together, this leads to a simultaneous improvement in both the open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the devices, reaching maximum values of 1.184 V and 85%, respectively, resulting in a champion device efficiency of 23.7%. This dual interfacial modification is fully compatible with a bulk modification of the perovskite active layer by ionic liquids, leading to both efficient and stable inverted architecture devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Degani
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne J. Hofstetter
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM, University of Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 14, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Corresponding author. (G.G.); (Y.V.)
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (G.G.); (Y.V.)
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21
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Karger L, Synnatschke K, Settele S, Hofstetter YJ, Nowack T, Zaumseil J, Vaynzof Y, Backes C. The Role of Additives in Suppressing the Degradation of Liquid-Exfoliated WS 2 Monolayers. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102883. [PMID: 34477255 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Group VI transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered to be chemically widely inert, but recent reports point toward an oxidation of monolayered sheets in ambient conditions, due to defects. To date, the degradation of monolayered TMDs is only studied on individual, substrate-supported nanosheets with varying defect type and concentration, strain, and in an inhomogeneous environment. Here, degradation kinetics of WS2 nanosheet ensembles in the liquid phase are investigated through photoluminescence measurements, which selectively probe the monolayers. Monolayer-enriched WS2 dispersions are produced with varying lateral sizes in the two common surfactant stabilizers sodium cholate (SC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Well-defined degradation kinetics are observed, which enable the determination of activation energies of the degradation and decouple photoinduced and thermal degradation. The thermal degradation is slower than the photoinduced degradation and requires higher activation energy. Using SC as surfactant, it is sufficiently suppressed. The photoinduced degradation can be widely prevented through chemical passivation achieved through the addition of cysteine which, on the one hand, coordinates to defects on the nanosheets and, on the other hand, stabilizes oxides on the surface, which shield the nanosheets from further degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonhard Karger
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kevin Synnatschke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Simon Settele
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, Helmhotzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tim Nowack
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, Helmhotzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Backes
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 253, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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22
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Cho C, Antrack T, Kroll M, An Q, Bärschneider TR, Fischer A, Meister S, Vaynzof Y, Leo K. Electrical Pumping of Perovskite Diodes: Toward Stimulated Emission. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2101663. [PMID: 34240575 PMCID: PMC8425921 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The success of metal halide perovskites in photovoltaic and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) motivates their application as a solid-state thin-film laser. Various perovskites have shown optically pumped stimulated emission of lasing and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), yet the ultimate goal of electrically pumped stimulated emission has not been achieved. As an essential step toward this goal, here, a perovskite diode structure that simultaneously exhibits stable operation at high current density (≈1 kA cm-2 ) and optically excited ASE (with a threshold of 180 µJ cm-2 ) is reported. This diode structure achieves an electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 0.8% at 850 A cm-2 , which is estimated to be ≈3% of the charge carrier population required to reach ASE in the same device. It is shown that the formation of a large angle waveguide mode and the reduction of parasitic absorption losses are two major design principles for diodes to obtain a positive gain for stimulated emission. In addition to its prospect as a perovskite laser, a new application of electrically pumped ASE is proposed as an ideal perovskite LED architecture allowing 100% external radiation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Cho
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Present address:
Cavendish LaboratoryDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeJ.J. Thomson AvenueCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
| | - Tobias Antrack
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Martin Kroll
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtzstraße 18Dresden01069Germany
| | - Toni R. Bärschneider
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Axel Fischer
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Stefan Meister
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
- Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed)Technische Universität DresdenHelmholtzstraße 18Dresden01069Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP)Technische Universität DresdenNöthnizer straße 61Dresden01187Germany
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23
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Becker-Koch D, Albaladejo-Siguan M, Hofstetter YJ, Solomeshch O, Pohl D, Rellinghaus B, Tessler N, Vaynzof Y. Doped Organic Hole Extraction Layers in Efficient PbS and AgBiS 2 Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:18750-18757. [PMID: 33855853 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of PbS quantum dot (QD) solar cells has significantly increased in recent years, strengthening their potential for industrial applications. The vast majority of state-of-the-art devices utilize 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT)-coated PbS QD hole extraction layers, which lead to high initial performance, but result in poor device stability. While excellent performance has also been demonstrated with organic extraction layers, these devices include a molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) layer, which is also known to decrease device stability. Herein, we demonstrate that organic layers based on a poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) polymer doped with C60F48 can serve as hole extraction layers for efficient EDT-free and MoO3-free QD solar cells. Such layers are shown to offer high conductivity for facile hole transport to the anode, while effectively blocking electrons due to their low electron affinity. We show that our approach is versatile and is applicable also to AgBiS2 QD solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
| | - Olga Solomeshch
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Darius Pohl
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Bernd Rellinghaus
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Nir Tessler
- Electrical Engineering Department, Nanoelectronic Center, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, Dresden 01187, Germany
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24
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Gedda M, Yengel E, Faber H, Paulus F, Kreß JA, Tang MC, Zhang S, Hacker CA, Kumar P, Naphade DR, Vaynzof Y, Volonakis G, Giustino F, Anthopoulos TD. Ruddlesden-Popper-Phase Hybrid Halide Perovskite/Small-Molecule Organic Blend Memory Transistors. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2003137. [PMID: 33382153 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the morphology of metal halide perovskite layers during processing is critical for the manufacturing of optoelectronics. Here, a strategy to control the microstructure of solution-processed layered Ruddlesden-Popper-phase perovskite films based on phenethylammonium lead bromide ((PEA)2 PbBr4 ) is reported. The method relies on the addition of the organic semiconductor 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b]benzothiophene (C8 -BTBT) into the perovskite formulation, where it facilitates the formation of large, near-single-crystalline-quality platelet-like (PEA)2 PbBr4 domains overlaid by a ≈5-nm-thin C8 -BTBT layer. Transistors with (PEA)2 PbBr4 /C8 -BTBT channels exhibit an unexpectedly large hysteresis window between forward and return bias sweeps. Material and device analysis combined with theoretical calculations suggest that the C8 -BTBT-rich phase acts as the hole-transporting channel, while the quantum wells in (PEA)2 PbBr4 act as the charge storage element where carriers from the channel are injected, stored, or extracted via tunneling. When tested as a non-volatile memory, the devices exhibit a record memory window (>180 V), a high erase/write channel current ratio (104 ), good data retention, and high endurance (>104 cycles). The results here highlight a new memory device concept for application in large-area electronics, while the growth technique can potentially be exploited for the development of other optoelectronic devices including solar cells, photodetectors, and light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Gedda
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joshua A Kreß
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Christina A Hacker
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipti R Naphade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - George Volonakis
- Univ Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), UMR 6226, Rennes, F-35000, France
| | - Feliciano Giustino
- Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Abstract
At a current value of 25.5%, perovskites have reached some of the highest power conversion efficiencies of all single-junction solar cell devices. Researchers, however, are questioning their readiness for the commercial market, citing reasons of the toxicity of the lead-based active layer and instability. Closer examination of the life cycle of perovskite solar cells reveals that there are more areas than just these which should be addressed in order to bring an environmentally friendly and sustainable technology to global use. In this review, we discuss these issues. Life cycle analyses show that high temperature processes, heavy use of organic solvents, and extensive use of certain materials can have high up and downstream consequences in terms of emissions, human and ecotoxicity. We further bring attention to the toxicity of the perovskites themselves, where the most direct analyses suggest that the lead cannot be considered totally safe, despite its small quantity and that replacements such as tin may be more toxic in certain scenarios. As a way to reduce the negative environmental impact, we highlight ways in which researchers have used encapsulation and recycling to extend the life of the entire unit and its components and to prevent lead leakage. We hope this review directs researchers toward new strategies to introduce a clean solar technology to the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn P Goetz
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Strasse 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander D Taylor
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Strasse 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Strasse 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Strasse 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
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26
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Hu Z, An Q, Xiang H, Aigouy L, Sun B, Vaynzof Y, Chen Z. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Triple-Cation Perovskite Solar Cells by Eliminating Excess PbI 2 from the Perovskite/Hole Transport Layer Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:54824-54832. [PMID: 33226765 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are promising contenders for next-generation photovoltaic applications due to their remarkable photovoltaic efficiency and their compatibility with solution-processed fabrication. Among the various strategies to control the crystallinity and the morphology of the perovskite active layer and its interfaces with the transport layers, fabrication of perovskite solar cells from precursor solutions with a slight excess of PbI2 has become very common. Despite this, the role of such excess PbI2 is still rather controversial, lacking consensus on its effect on the bulk and interface properties of the perovskite layer. In this work, we investigate the effect of removing the excess PbI2 from the surface of a triple-cation mixed-halide Cs0.05(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3 perovskite layer by four different organic salts on their photovoltaic performance and stability. We show that treatments with iodide salts such as methylammonium iodide (MAI) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) can lead to the strongest beneficial effects on solar cell efficiency, charge recombination suppression, and stability while non-iodide salts such as methylammonium bromide (MABr) and methylammonium chloride (MACl) can also provide improvement in terms of charge recombination suppression and stability to a moderate extent in comparison to the untreated sample. Under optimized conditions and continuous solar illumination, the MAI- and FAI-treated devices maintained 81 and 86% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCEs), respectively, after 100 h of continuous illumination (versus 64% for the untreated solar cell with excess PbI2). Our study demonstrates that eliminating excess PbI2 at the perovskite/hole transport layer (HTL) interface by treating the perovskite surface with organic salts is a simple and efficient route to enhance the efficiency, and in particular the stability of perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhelu Hu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Qingzhi An
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hengyang Xiang
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lionel Aigouy
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Baoquan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, 215123 Suzhou, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technical University of Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des matériaux (LPEM, UMR 8213), ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Sorbonne University, 10 Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
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27
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Falk LM, Goetz KP, Lami V, An Q, Fassl P, Herkel J, Thome F, Taylor AD, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Effect of Precursor Stoichiometry on the Performance and Stability of MAPbBr 3 Photovoltaic Devices. Energy Technol (Weinh) 2020; 8:1900737. [PMID: 32363134 PMCID: PMC7188293 DOI: 10.1002/ente.201900737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The wide-bandgap methylammonium lead bromide perovskite is promising for applications in tandem solar cells and light-emitting diodes. Despite its utility, there is a limited understanding of its reproducibility and stability. Herein, the dependence of the properties, performance, and shelf storage of thin films and devices on minute changes to the precursor solution stoichiometry is examined in detail. Although photovoltaic cells based on these solution changes exhibit similar initial performance, shelf storage depends strongly on precursor solution stoichiometry. While all devices exhibit some degree of healing, bromide-deficient films show a remarkable improvement, more than doubling in their photoconversion efficiency. Photoluminescence spectroscopy experiments performed under different atmospheres suggest that this increase is due, in part, to a trap-healing mechanism that occurs upon exposure to the environment. The results highlight the importance of understanding and manipulating defects in lead halide perovskites to produce long-lasting, stable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M. Falk
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Katelyn P. Goetz
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Paul Fassl
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jonas Herkel
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Fabian Thome
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Alexander D. Taylor
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22769120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced MaterialsUniversity of HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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28
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Hofstetter YJ, García-Benito I, Paulus F, Orlandi S, Grancini G, Vaynzof Y. Vacuum-Induced Degradation of 2D Perovskites. Front Chem 2020; 8:66. [PMID: 32117889 PMCID: PMC7031494 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites have recently attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their exciting optical and electronic properties as well as enhanced stability upon exposure to environmental factors. In this work, we investigate 2D perovskite layers with a range of organic cations and report on the Achilles heel of these materials—their significant degradation upon exposure to vacuum. We demonstrate that vacuum exposure induces the formation of a metallic lead species, accompanied by a loss of the organic cation from the perovskite. We investigate the dynamics of this reaction, as well as the influence of other factors, such as X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, we characterize the effect of degradation on the microstructure of the 2D layers. Our study highlights that despite earlier reports, 2D perovskites may exhibit instabilities, the chemistry of which should be identified and investigated in order to develop suitable mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Inés García-Benito
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- CNR - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Sion, Switzerland.,Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.,Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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29
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García-Benito I, Quarti C, Queloz VIE, Hofstetter YJ, Becker-Koch D, Caprioglio P, Neher D, Orlandi S, Cavazzini M, Pozzi G, Even J, Nazeeruddin MK, Vaynzof Y, Grancini G. Fluorination of Organic Spacer Impacts on the Structural and Optical Response of 2D Perovskites. Front Chem 2020; 7:946. [PMID: 32064245 PMCID: PMC6999157 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-dimensional hybrid perovskites have triggered significant research interest due to their intrinsically tunable optoelectronic properties and technologically relevant material stability. In particular, the role of the organic spacer on the inherent structural and optical features in two-dimensional (2D) perovskites is paramount for material optimization. To obtain a deeper understanding of the relationship between spacers and the corresponding 2D perovskite film properties, we explore the influence of the partial substitution of hydrogen atoms by fluorine in an alkylammonium organic cation, resulting in (Lc)2PbI4 and (Lf)2PbI4 2D perovskites, respectively. Consequently, optical analysis reveals a clear 0.2 eV blue-shift in the excitonic position at room temperature. This result can be mainly attributed to a band gap opening, with negligible effects on the exciton binding energy. According to Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, the band gap increases due to a larger distortion of the structure that decreases the atomic overlap of the wavefunctions and correspondingly bandwidth of the valence and conduction bands. In addition, fluorination impacts the structural rigidity of the 2D perovskite, resulting in a stable structure at room temperature and the absence of phase transitions at a low temperature, in contrast to the widely reported polymorphism in some non-fluorinated materials that exhibit such a phase transition. This indicates that a small perturbation in the material structure can strongly influence the overall structural stability and related phase transition of 2D perovskites, making them more robust to any phase change. This work provides key information on how the fluorine content in organic spacer influence the structural distortion of 2D perovskites and their optical properties which possess remarkable importance for future optoelectronic applications, for instance in the field of light-emitting devices or sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés García-Benito
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Quarti
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium.,Univ Rennes, ENSCR, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | - Valentin I E Queloz
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pietro Caprioglio
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Young Investigator Group Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Simonetta Orlandi
- CNR - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cavazzini
- CNR - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR - Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "G. Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Milan, Italy
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, France
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED), Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, EPFL Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland.,Dipartimento di Chimica Fisica, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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30
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Albaladejo-Siguan M, Becker-Koch D, Taylor AD, Sun Q, Lami V, Oppenheimer PG, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Efficient and Stable PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells by Triple-Cation Perovskite Passivation. ACS Nano 2020; 14:384-393. [PMID: 31721556 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed quantum dots (QDs) have a high potential for fabricating low-cost, flexible, and large-scale solar energy harvesting devices. It has recently been demonstrated that hybrid devices employing a single monovalent cation perovskite solution for PbS QD surface passivation exhibit enhanced photovoltaic performance when compared to standard ligand passivation. Herein, we demonstrate that the use of a triple cation Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.9Br0.1)3 perovskite composition for surface passivation of the quantum dots results in highly efficient solar cells, which maintain 96% of their initial performance after 1200 h shelf storage. We confirm perovskite shell formation around the PbS nanocrystals by a range of spectroscopic techniques as well as high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. We find that the triple cation shell results in a favorable energetic alignment to the core of the dot, resulting in reduced recombination due to charge confinement without limiting transport in the active layer. Consequently, photovoltaic devices fabricated via a single-step film deposition reached a maximum AM1.5G power conversion efficiency of 11.3% surpassing most previous reports of PbS solar cells employing perovskite passivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Albaladejo-Siguan
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexander D Taylor
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Qing Sun
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Biochemical Engineering , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham , West Midlands B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
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31
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Butscher JF, Intorp S, Kress J, An Q, Hofstetter YJ, Hippchen N, Paulus F, Bunz UHF, Tessler N, Vaynzof Y. Enhancing the Open-Circuit Voltage of Perovskite Solar Cells by Embedding Molecular Dipoles within Their Hole-Blocking Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:3572-3579. [PMID: 31799828 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the energetics of perovskite photovoltaic devices through deliberate introduction of dipoles to control the built-in potential of the devices offers an opportunity to enhance their performance without the need to modify the active layer itself. In this work, we demonstrate how the incorporation of molecular dipoles into the bathocuproine (BCP) hole-blocking layer of inverted perovskite solar cells improves the device open-circuit voltage (VOC) and, consequently, their performance. We explore a series of four thiaazulenic derivatives that exhibit increasing dipole moments and demonstrate that these molecules can be introduced into the solution-processed BCP layer to effectively increase the built-in potential within the device without altering any of the other device layers. As a result, the VOC of the devices is enhanced by up to 130 mV, with larger dipoles resulting in higher VOC. To investigate the limitations of this approach, we employ numerical device simulations that demonstrate that the highest dipole derivatives used in this work eliminate all limitations on the VOC stemming from the built-in potential of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian F Butscher
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Sebastian Intorp
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Joshua Kress
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Yvonne J Hofstetter
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Uwe H F Bunz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Nir Tessler
- Sara and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical Engineering , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
- Integrated Centre for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials and Centre for Advancing Electronics Dresden (CFAED) , Technical University of Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
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32
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Wittmann A, Schweicher G, Broch K, Novak J, Lami V, Cornil D, McNellis ER, Zadvorna O, Venkateshvaran D, Takimiya K, Geerts YH, Cornil J, Vaynzof Y, Sinova J, Watanabe S, Sirringhaus H. Tuning Spin Current Injection at Ferromagnet-Nonmagnet Interfaces by Molecular Design. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:027204. [PMID: 32004034 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.027204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in utilizing the distinctive material properties of organic semiconductors for spintronic applications. Here, we explore the injection of pure spin current from Permalloy into a small molecule system based on dinaphtho[2,3-b:2,3-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) at ferromagnetic resonance. The unique tunability of organic materials by molecular design allows us to study the impact of interfacial properties on the spin injection efficiency systematically. We show that both the spin injection efficiency at the interface and the spin diffusion length can be tuned sensitively by the interfacial molecular structure and side chain substitution of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Wittmann
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Schweicher
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Broch
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Aufder Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jiri Novak
- CEITEC MU and Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 61137 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhof Institute for Physics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Erik R McNellis
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Olga Zadvorna
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak Venkateshvaran
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yves H Geerts
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhof Institute for Physics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jairo Sinova
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J. J. Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The synthesis of five spiro-linked azaacene dimers is reported and their properties are compared to that of their monomers. Dimerization quenches emission of the longer (≥(hetero)tetracenes) derivatives and furnishes amorphous thin-films, the absorption is not affected. The larger derivatives were tested as acceptors in bulk-heterojunction photovoltaic devices with a maximum power conversion efficiency of up to 1.6 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Ahrens
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Victor Brosius
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) and Kirchhoff Institute for PhysicsIm Neuenheimer Feld 225 & 22769120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität HeidelbergIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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34
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Pourdavoud N, Haeger T, Mayer A, Cegielski PJ, Giesecke AL, Heiderhoff R, Olthof S, Zaefferer S, Shutsko I, Henkel A, Becker-Koch D, Stein M, Cehovski M, Charfi O, Johannes HH, Rogalla D, Lemme MC, Koch M, Vaynzof Y, Meerholz K, Kowalsky W, Scheer HC, Görrn P, Riedl T. Room-Temperature Stimulated Emission and Lasing in Recrystallized Cesium Lead Bromide Perovskite Thin Films. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1903717. [PMID: 31402527 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cesium lead halide perovskites are of interest for light-emitting diodes and lasers. So far, thin-films of CsPbX3 have typically afforded very low photoluminescence quantum yields (PL-QY < 20%) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) only at cryogenic temperatures, as defect related nonradiative recombination dominated at room temperature (RT). There is a current belief that, for efficient light emission from lead halide perovskites at RT, the charge carriers/excitons need to be confined on the nanometer scale, like in CsPbX3 nanoparticles (NPs). Here, thin films of cesium lead bromide, which show a high PL-QY of 68% and low-threshold ASE at RT, are presented. As-deposited layers are recrystallized by thermal imprint, which results in continuous films (100% coverage of the substrate), composed of large crystals with micrometer lateral extension. Using these layers, the first cesium lead bromide thin-film distributed feedback and vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with ultralow threshold at RT that do not rely on the use of NPs are demonstrated. It is foreseen that these results will have a broader impact beyond perovskite lasers and will advise a revision of the paradigm that efficient light emission from CsPbX3 perovskites can only be achieved with NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Pourdavoud
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Tobias Haeger
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andre Mayer
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Piotr Jacek Cegielski
- AMO GmbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Lehrstuhl für Elektronische Bauelemente, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Heiderhoff
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Selina Olthof
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stefan Zaefferer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ivan Shutsko
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Henkel
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Stein
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Marko Cehovski
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ouacef Charfi
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Johannes
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Detlef Rogalla
- RUBION, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Max Christian Lemme
- AMO GmbH, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik, Lehrstuhl für Elektronische Bauelemente, RWTH Aachen University, Otto-Blumenthal-Straße 25, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus Meerholz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Luxemburger Straße 116, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Kowalsky
- Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 22, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering - Innovation Across Disciplines), Welfengarten 1, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hella-Christin Scheer
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Patrick Görrn
- Chair of Large Area Optoelectronics, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Riedl
- Institute of Electronic Devices, University of Wuppertal, Rainer-Gruenter-Str. 21, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany
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35
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Hahn S, Butscher J, An Q, Jocic A, Tverskoy O, Richter M, Feng X, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Bunz UHF. Azaarene Dimers. Chemistry 2019; 25:7285-7291. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Hahn
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Julian Butscher
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Angelina Jocic
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Olena Tverskoy
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcus Richter
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Molekulare Funktionsmaterialien Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Molekulare Funktionsmaterialien Mommsenstrasse 4 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch Chemisches InstitutRuprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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36
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Becker-Koch D, Rivkin B, Paulus F, Xiang H, Dong Y, Chen Z, Bakulin AA, Vaynzof Y. Probing charge transfer states at organic and hybrid internal interfaces by photothermal deflection spectroscopy. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:124001. [PMID: 30572317 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafa4e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In organic and hybrid photovoltaic devices, the asymmetry required for charge separation necessitates the use of a donor and an acceptor material, resulting in the formation of internal interfaces in the device active layer. While the core objective of these interfaces is to facilitate charge separation, bound states between electrons and holes may form across them, resulting in a loss mechanism that diminishes the performance of the solar cells. These interfacial transitions appear in organic systems as charge transfer (CT) states and as bound charge pairs (BCP) in hybrid systems. Despite being similar, the latter are far less investigated. Herein, we employ photothermal deflection spectroscopy and pump-push-probe experiments in order to determine the characteristics and dynamics of interfacial states in two model systems: an organic P3HT:PCBM and hybrid P3HT:ZnO photovoltaic layer. By controlling the area of the internal interface, we identify CT states between 1.4 eV and 1.8 eV in the organic bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) and BCP between 1.1 eV and 1.4 eV in the hybrid BHJ. The energetic distribution of these states suggests that they not only contribute to losses in photocurrent, but also significantly limit the possible maximum open circuit voltage obtainable from these devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Becker-Koch
- Kirchhoff Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany. Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität, Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Fassl P, Ternes S, Lami V, Zakharko Y, Heimfarth D, Hopkinson PE, Paulus F, Taylor AD, Zaumseil J, Vaynzof Y. Effect of Crystal Grain Orientation on the Rate of Ionic Transport in Perovskite Polycrystalline Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:2490-2499. [PMID: 30516361 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b16460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we examine the effect of microstructure on ion-migration-induced photoluminescence (PL) quenching in methylammonium lead iodide perovskite films. Thin films were fabricated by two methods: spin-coating, which results in randomly oriented perovskite grains, and zone-casting, which results in aligned grains. As an external bias is applied to these films, migration of ions causes a quenching of the PL signal in the vicinity of the anode. The evolution of this PL-quenched zone is less uniform in the spin-coated devices than in the zone-cast ones, suggesting that the relative orientation of the crystal grains plays a significant role in the migration of ions within polycrystalline perovskite. We simulate this effect via a simple Ising model of ionic motion across grains in the perovskite thin film. The results of this simulation align closely with the observed experimental results, further solidifying the correlation between crystal grain orientation and the rate of ionic transport.
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38
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Fassl P, Lami V, Bausch A, Wang Z, Klug MT, Snaith HJ, Vaynzof Y. Fractional deviations in precursor stoichiometry dictate the properties, performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. Energy Environ Sci 2018; 11:3380-3391. [PMID: 30713584 PMCID: PMC6333261 DOI: 10.1039/c8ee01136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The last five years have witnessed remarkable progress in the field of lead halide perovskite materials and devices. Examining the existing body of literature reveals staggering inconsistencies in the reported results among different research groups with a particularly wide spread in the photovoltaic performance and stability of devices. In this work we demonstrate that fractional, quite possibly unintentional, deviations in the precursor solution stoichiometry can cause significant changes in the properties of the perovskite layer as well as in the performance and stability of perovskite photovoltaic devices. We show that while the absorbance and morphology of the layers remain largely unaffected, the surface composition and energetics, crystallinity, emission efficiency, energetic disorder and storage stability are all very sensitive to the precise stoichiometry of the precursor solution. Our results elucidate the origin of the irreproducibility and inconsistencies of reported results among different groups as well as the wide spread in device performance even within individual studies. Finally, we propose a simple experimental method to identify the exact stoichiometry of the perovskite layer that researchers can employ to confirm their experiments are performed consistently without unintentional variations in precursor stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fassl
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Alexandra Bausch
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK
| | - Matthew T Klug
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford , Oxford , OX1 3PU , UK
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik and Centre for Advanced Materials , Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany .
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39
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Newby C, Piachaud TH, Vaynzof Y, Lee JK, Jung SH, Sadhanala A, Ober CK, Friend RH. Electroluminescence from Solution-Processed Pinhole-Free Nanometer-Thickness Layers of Conjugated Polymers. Nano Lett 2018; 18:5382-5388. [PMID: 30070851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the formation of robust, reproducible, pinhole-free, thin layers of fluorinated polyfluorene conjugated copolymers on a range of polymeric underlayers via a simple solution processing method. This is driven by the different characters of the fluorinated and nonfluorinated sections of these polymers. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy is used to determine that these layers are 1-2 nm thick, corresponding to a molecularly thin layer. Evidence that these layers are continuous and pinhole-free is provided by electroluminescence data from polymer LED devices that incorporate these layers within the stacked LED structure. These reveal, remarkably, light emission solely from these molecularly thin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Newby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1501 , United States
| | - Thomas H Piachaud
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics and the Centre for Advanced Materials , Heidelberg University , Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 , 69120 Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Jin-Kyun Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , South Korea
| | - Seok-Heon Jung
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Inha University , Incheon 22212 , South Korea
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher K Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853-1501 , United States
| | - Richard H Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory , University of Cambridge , J. J. Thomson Avenue , Cambridge CB3 0HE , United Kingdom
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40
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Rivkin B, Fassl P, Sun Q, Taylor AD, Chen Z, Vaynzof Y. Effect of Ion Migration-Induced Electrode Degradation on the Operational Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Omega 2018; 3:10042-10047. [PMID: 31459132 PMCID: PMC6644495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite-based solar cells are promising because of their rapidly improving efficiencies but suffer from instability issues. Recently, it has been claimed that one of the key contributors to the instability of perovskite solar cells is ion migration-induced electrode degradation, which can be avoided by incorporating inorganic hole-blocking layers (HBLs) in the device architecture. In this work, we investigate the operational environmental stability of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells that contain either an inorganic or organic HBL, with only the former effectively blocking ions from migrating to the metal electrode. This is confirmed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measured on the electrodes of degraded devices, where only electrodes of devices with an organic HBL show a significant iodine signal. Despite this, we show that when these devices are degraded under realistic operational conditions (i.e., constant illumination in a variety of atmospheric conditions), both types of devices exhibit nearly identical degradation behavior. These results demonstrate that contrary to prior suggestions, ion-induced electrode degradation is not the dominant factor in perovskite environmental instability under operational conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Rivkin
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Fassl
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qing Sun
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander D. Taylor
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhuoying Chen
- Laboratoire
de Physique et d’Etude des Matériaux (LPEM), ESPCI Paris,
PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne
Université, 10
Rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff
Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- E-mail:
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41
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Schneider S, Brohmann M, Lorenz R, Hofstetter YJ, Rother M, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Vaynzof Y, Himmel HJ, Zaumseil J. Efficient n-Doping and Hole Blocking in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transistors with 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)ben-zene. ACS Nano 2018; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 29787248 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient, stable, and solution-based n-doping of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly desired for complementary circuits but remains a significant challenge. Here, we present 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (ttmgb) as a strong two-electron donor that enables the fabrication of purely n-type SWCNT field-effect transistors (FETs). We apply ttmgb to networks of monochiral, semiconducting (6,5) SWCNTs that show intrinsic ambipolar behavior in bottom-contact/top-gate FETs and obtain unipolar n-type transport with 3-5-fold enhancement of electron mobilities (approximately 10 cm2 V-1 s-1), while completely suppressing hole currents, even at high drain voltages. These n-type FETs show excellent on/off current ratios of up to 108, steep subthreshold swings (80-100 mV/dec), and almost no hysteresis. Their excellent device characteristics stem from the reduction of the work function of the gold electrodes via contact doping, blocking of hole injection by ttmgb2+ on the electrode surface, and removal of residual water from the SWCNT network by ttmgb protonation. The ttmgb-treated SWCNT FETs also display excellent environmental stability under bias stress in ambient conditions. Complementary inverters based on n- and p-doped SWCNT FETs exhibit rail-to-rail operation with high gain and low power dissipation. The simple and stable ttmgb molecule thus serves as an example for the larger class of guanidino-functionalized aromatic compounds as promising electron donors for high-performance thin film electronics.
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42
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Arndt S, Borstelmann J, Eshagh Saatlo R, Antoni PW, Rominger F, Rudolph M, An Q, Vaynzof Y, Hashmi ASK. The Gold(I)-Mediated Domino Reaction to Fused Diphenyl Phosphoniumfluorenes: Mechanistic Consequences for Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylations and Application in Solar Cells. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University (KAU); Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Arndt S, Borstelmann J, Eshagh Saatlo R, Antoni PW, Rominger F, Rudolph M, An Q, Vaynzof Y, Hashmi ASK. Front Cover: The Gold(I)-Mediated Domino Reaction to Fused Diphenyl Phosphoniumfluorenes: Mechanistic Consequences for Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylations and Application in Solar Cells (Chem. Eur. J. 31/2018). Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University (KAU); Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Arndt S, Borstelmann J, Eshagh Saatlo R, Antoni PW, Rominger F, Rudolph M, An Q, Vaynzof Y, Hashmi ASK. The Gold(I)-Mediated Domino Reaction to Fused Diphenyl Phosphoniumfluorenes: Mechanistic Consequences for Gold-Catalyzed Hydroarylations and Application in Solar Cells. Chemistry 2018; 24:7882-7889. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Arndt
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Borstelmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Patrick W. Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Qingzhi An
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department; Faculty of Science; King Abdulaziz University (KAU); Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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Menke EH, Leibold D, Berger FJ, Rominger F, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Triptycene-Bis(aroyleneimidazole)s as Non-Fullerene Acceptors: The Missing Links. Chempluschem 2017; 82:1390-1395. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201700428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H. Menke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - David Leibold
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 294 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 227 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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46
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Hinzmann C, Magen O, Hofstetter YJ, Hopkinson PE, Tessler N, Vaynzof Y. Effect of Injection Layer Sub-Bandgap States on Electron Injection in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:6220-6227. [PMID: 28098451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It is generally considered that the injection of charges into an active layer of an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is solely determined by the energetic injection barrier formed at the device interfaces. Here, we demonstrate that the density of surface states of the electron-injecting ZnO layer has a profound effect on both the charge injection and the overall performance of the OLED device. Introducing a dopant into ZnO reduces both the energy depth and density of surface states without altering the position of the energy levels-thus, the magnitude of the injection barrier formed at the organic/ZnO interface remains unchanged. Changes observed in the density of surface states result in an improved electron injection and enhanced luminescence of the device. We implemented a numerical simulation, modeling the effects of energetics and the density of surface states on the electron injection, demonstrating that both contributions should be considered when choosing the appropriate injection layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osnat Magen
- Sara and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
| | | | | | - Nir Tessler
- Sara and Moshe Zisapel Nano-Electronic Center, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000, Israel
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Menke EH, Leibold D, Ullrich AP, Vaynzof Y, Mastalerz M. Planar versus triptycenylene end-capped aroyleneimidazoles as electron acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of triptycenylene end-groups on the optoelectronic properties of aroyleneimidazoles and their performance as acceptors in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H. Menke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | - David Leibold
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | - Alexander P. Ullrich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
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48
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Gödel KC, Roose B, Sadhanala A, Vaynzof Y, Pathak SK, Steiner U. Partial oxidation of the absorber layer reduces charge carrier recombination in antimony sulfide solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:1425-1430. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07559b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A controlled heat treatment of the absorber layer in air leads to improved Sb2S3 sensitized solar cells. A reduction in charge carrier recombination is the reason for the enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl C. Gödel
- Cavendish Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Cambridge
- UK
| | - Bart Roose
- Adolphe Merkle Institute
- Fribourg
- Switzerland
| | - Aditya Sadhanala
- Cavendish Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- University of Cambridge
- UK
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics
- Heidelberg University
- Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials
- Heidelberg University
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Abstract
Two soluble isomeric acceptor molecules based on a triptycene core, which is connected to three aroylenimidazole units are described. Due to the inherent threefold axis, the molecules are soluble and thus could be fully photophysically characterized in solution and film. Additionally, the preliminary results of these acceptors in organic photovoltaic devices with two different donor materials are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth H Menke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Vincent Lami
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany and Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mastalerz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 273, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Li C, Tscheuschner S, Paulus F, Hopkinson PE, Kießling J, Köhler A, Vaynzof Y, Huettner S. Iodine Migration and its Effect on Hysteresis in Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2016; 28:2446-2454. [PMID: 26823239 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The migration and accumulation of iodide ions create a modulation of the respective interfacial barriers causing the hysteresis in solar cells based on methylammonium lead iodide perovskites. Iodide ions are identified as the migrating species by measuring temperature dependent current-transients and photoelectron spectroscopy. The involved changes in the built-in potential due to ion migration are directly measured by electroabsorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Li
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Steffen Tscheuschner
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Organic Chemistry Institute, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul E Hopkinson
- Kirchhof Institute for Physics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Kießling
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Anna Köhler
- Experimental Physics II, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Kirchhof Institute for Physics, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Im Neuenheimer Feld 225, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Huettner
- Macromolecular Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
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