1
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Hüßler C, Dietl MC, Kahle J, Lopes EF, Kawamura M, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hachiya I, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis and structural properties of para-diselenopyrazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3786-3789. [PMID: 38483091 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00460d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, dithienopyrazines have emerged as promising building blocks in the field of materials science, showcasing their potential as hole-transport materials in organic electronic devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of its heavier analogues, the diselenopyrazines, along with an analysis of their optoelectronic and structural properties. In the acquired crystal structures, interesting molecular packing motifs suitable for potential device fabrication were observed. Additionally, short contact interactions are present in one of the investigated molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hüßler
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Justin Kahle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Eric F Lopes
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Miku Kawamura
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Iwao Hachiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University, Tsu Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Eshagh Saatlo R, Oczlon J, Wunsch JF, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Oeser T, Shiri F, Ariafard A, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Intramolecular 7-endo-dig Cyclization of Triene-Yne Systems: New Access towards Azulenothiophenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202402481. [PMID: 38529673 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We report the direct synthesis of new azulene derivatives through gold-catalyzed cyclization reactions. A five-membered ring as backbone in the applied triene-yne substrates turned out to be crucial to induce the 7-endo-dig cyclization mode necessary to trigger azulene formation. The obtained targets are of high interest due to their potential applications in different fields, like organic materials, medicine or cosmetics. UV/Vis spectra and cyclic voltammetry were measured, based on these the electronic properties were determined. Short two or three step sequences towards the applied starting materials make this approach synthetically highly attractive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Oczlon
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas F Wunsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Farshad Shiri
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Building 137, Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Settele S, Schrage CA, Jung S, Michel E, Li H, Flavel BS, Hashmi ASK, Kruss S, Zaumseil J. Ratiometric fluorescent sensing of pyrophosphate with sp³-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:706. [PMID: 38267487 PMCID: PMC10808354 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45052-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inorganic pyrophosphate is a key molecule in many biological processes from DNA synthesis to cell metabolism. Here we introduce sp3-functionalized (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with red-shifted defect emission as near-infrared luminescent probes for the optical detection and quantification of inorganic pyrophosphate. The sensing scheme is based on the immobilization of Cu2+ ions on the SWNT surface promoted by coordination to covalently attached aryl alkyne groups and a triazole complex. The presence of Cu2+ ions on the SWNT surface causes fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer, which is reversed by copper-complexing analytes such as pyrophosphate. The differences in the fluorescence response of sp3-defect to pristine nanotube emission enables reproducible ratiometric measurements in a wide concentration window. Biocompatible, phospholipid-polyethylene glycol-coated SWNTs with such sp3 defects are employed for the detection of pyrophosphate in cell lysate and for monitoring the progress of DNA synthesis in a polymerase chain reaction. This robust ratiometric and near-infrared luminescent probe for pyrophosphate may serve as a starting point for the rational design of nanotube-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Settele
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - C Alexander Schrage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany
| | - Sebastian Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany
| | - Elena Michel
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
| | - Han Li
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Benjamin S Flavel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe, D-76131, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian Kruss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, D-44801, Germany.
- Biomedical Nanosensors, Fraunhofer Institute for Microelectronic Circuits and Systems, Duisburg, D-47057, Germany.
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, D-69120, Germany.
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4
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Ocansey E, Sala O, Kamm M, Joost M, Bokern S, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK, Mormul J, Schaub T. Mn(III) O^N^O Complexes as Water-tolerant and Environmentally Benign Catalysts for Polyurethane Foam Synthesis. Chemistry 2023:e202303736. [PMID: 38133651 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethanes are synthesized on industrial scale by the reaction of diisocyanates with diols in the presence of catalysts which are commonly based on tin complexes and amines. However, due to the toxicity and volatility of these tin catalysts and amines, there is the need to develop new catalysts that are more environmentally benign. Herein, we report the synthesis of O^N^O pincer-ligated Mn(III) and Fe(III) complexes that serve as suitable catalysts for urethane formation and are stable to hydrolysis as predicted by computations and observed experimentally. The O^N^O pincer scaffold is vital to the activity of these catalysts, simultaneously ensuring increased solubility in the reaction medium as well as providing a stable framework upon dissociation of co-ligands in the catalytic cycle. In silico mechanistic investigations for urethane formation show that the stabilization of active species in square-planar geometries enabled by these O^N^O ligands permit the simultaneous coordination of alcohol and isocyanate in suitable configuration at the metal center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ocansey
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Sala
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Marina Kamm
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstr. 60, 49448, Lemfoerde, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Bokern
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstr. 60, 49448, Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaroslaw Mormul
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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5
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Sun Q, Hüßler C, Kahle J, Mackenroth AV, Rudolph M, Krämer P, Oeser T, Hashmi ASK. Cascade Reactions of Aryl-Substituted Terminal Alkynes Involving in Situ-Generated α-Imino Gold Carbenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202313738. [PMID: 37882411 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
An efficient, highly selective and divergent synthetic method to construct 2-substituted indoles and aryl-annulated carbazoles via the intermolecular generation of α-imino gold carbenes from terminal alkynes or diynes in combination with sulfilimines is disclosed. Importantly, the tandem reaction is proposed to proceed through an intermolecular gold carbene generation/C-H annulation followed by the activation of a second alkyne leading to 6-endo-dig cyclization, which is significantly different from previous dual activation or 1,6-carbene shift approaches for diyne systems. In the case of ortho-alkynylaniline as starting material, an unexpected regioselective formation of the indole moiety via the intermolecular path, instead of intramolecular hydroamination was discovered. This reactivity paved the way for a one-pot synthesis of the 11H-indolo [3,2-c] quinoline scaffold by exploiting the formed amino indole for a subsequent Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehydes. The photophysical properties of the carbazoles indicated good violet-blue emission with quantum yields up to 40 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoying Sun
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christopher Hüßler
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Justin Kahle
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Oeser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Michel E, Grieser FF, Mackenroth AV, Schukin M, Krämer P, Tahir S, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Light-Induced Metal-Free Generation of Cyanocarbenes from Alkynyl Triazenes for the Synthesis of Nitrile Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309274. [PMID: 37515774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
The chemistry of alkynyl triazenes is an emerging field for organic chemists and especially acid-induced nucleophilic functionalizations, either directly, or after a prior reaction towards aromatic triazenes under extrusion of nitrogen, paved the way for fruitful strategies. In contrast, the chemical behavior of alkynyl triazenes upon irradiation with light is still unknown. Herein we present the first photoactivation of alkynyl triazenes that triggers an uncommon reactivity pattern involving the cleavage of the N1-N2 bond of the triazene moiety resulting in a unique approach to cyanocarbenes from a readily available, stable, and insensitive precursor. This allows to access various nitrile compounds without the use of a toxic cyanating agent by exploiting the reactivity pattern of carbenes. By variation of the reaction conditions and light sources, different substitution patterns can be obtained selectively in good yields under mild and metal-free conditions, thus introducing the alkynyl triazene unit as a photo accessible methylene nitrile synthon. Using this synthon, subclasses like α-alkoxynitriles, α-aminonitriles and α-cyanohydrazones become easily available. These exhibit synthetically valuable substitution patterns for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, intermediates for total synthesis and amino acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian F Grieser
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Schukin
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaista Tahir
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Saatlo RE, Matiba JP, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Mediated Cyclizations of Triene-Yne Systems: An Easy Access to Cyclopenta-Fused Anthracenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301671. [PMID: 37283554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of cyclopenta-fused anthracenes (CP-anthracenes) through a gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of easily available triene-yne systems bearing a benzofulvene substructure, is reported. The targets are of great interest due to the potential use as organic materials and the preparation of these compounds is gaining huge importance. The applied starting materials are readily available through a three-step synthesis, which further contributes to the advantages of this route. In addition, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra of the obtained CP-anthracenes were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan P Matiba
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Liu Y, Dietl MC, Heckershoff R, Han C, Shi H, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Caligiuri I, Asif K, Adeel M, Scattolin T, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Formal [4+2] Cycloaddition as Access to Antitumor-Active Spirocyclic Oxindoles from Alkynes and Isatin-Derived Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304672. [PMID: 37204285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Due to its excellent bioactivity profile, which is increasingly utilized in pharmaceutical and synthetic chemistry, spirooxindole is an important core scaffold. We herein describe an efficient method for the construction of highly functionalized new spirooxindolocarbamates via a gold-catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of terminal alkynes or ynamides with isatin-derived ketimines. This protocol has a good functional group compatibility, uses readily available starting materials, mild reaction conditions, low catalyst loadings and no additives. It enables the transformation of various functionalized alkyne groups into cyclic carbamates. Gram-scale synthesis was achieved and DFT calculations verify the feasibility of the mechanistic proposal. Some of the target products exhibit good to excellent antiproliferative activity on human tumor cell lines. In addition, one of the most active compounds displayed a remarkable selectivity towards tumor cells over normal ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunyu Han
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isabella Caligiuri
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
| | - Kanwal Asif
- Pathology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, via Franco Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Dipartimento di Scienze Molecolari e Nanosistemi, Università Ca' Foscari, Campus Scientifico Via Torino 155, 30174, Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Mackenroth AV, Antoni PW, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of ortho-Alkynyl- S, S-diarylsulfilimines. Org Lett 2023; 25:2907-2912. [PMID: 37071638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Highly functionalized 5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine cores, carrying a diaryl sulfide moiety at the C-7 position, were obtained from a gold-catalyzed reaction using easily accessible ortho-alkynyl-substituted S,S-diarylsulfilimines as intramolecular nitrene transfer reagents for the first time. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, providing excellent yields while tolerating a large variety of different substitution patterns. We provide experimental evidence for an intramolecular reaction mechanism, likely including an unprecedented gold-catalyzed amino sulfonium [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick W Antoni
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Liu Y, Han C, Shi H, Mackenroth AV, Zhang L, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-Catalyzed Regio- and Stereoselective α-Acyloxy-β-Alkynylation of Ynol Ethers. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 36799936 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Enol esters and conjugated enynes are valuable structural motifs for synthetic chemistry and material sciences. Herein, the synthesis of tetra-substituted enol ester 2-iodobenzoate derivatives was achieved in good yields at room temperature through a gold-catalyzed acyloxyalkynylation of sensitive ynol ethers with ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs), the latter acting as bifunctional reactants. The conversion is highly regioselective with a broad substrate scope. Mechanistically, an Au(III) species is the key intermediate of an Au(I)/Au(III) redox cycle. The reaction is synthetically useful and can easily be scaled up to gram scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunyu Han
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra V Mackenroth
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Linghua Zhang
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Song L, Tian X, Farshadfar K, Shiri F, Rominger F, Ariafard A, Hashmi ASK. An unexpected synthesis of azepinone derivatives through a metal-free photochemical cascade reaction. Nat Commun 2023; 14:831. [PMID: 36788212 PMCID: PMC9929248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36190-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Azepinone derivatives are privileged in organic synthesis and pharmaceuticals. Synthetic approaches to these frameworks are limited to complex substrates, strong bases, high power UV light or noble metal catalysis. We herein report a mild synthesis of azepinone derivatives by a photochemical generation of 2-aryloxyaryl nitrene, [2 + 1] annulation, ring expansion/water addition cascade reaction without using any metal catalyst. Among the different nitrene precursors tested, 2-aryloxyaryl azides performed best under blue light irradiation and Brønsted acid catalysis. The reaction scope is broad and the obtained products underwent divergent transformations to afford other related compounds. A computational study suggests a pathway involving a step-wise aziridine formation, followed by a ring-expansion to the seven-membered heterocycle. Finally, water is added in a regio-selective manner, this is accelerated by the added TsOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kaveh Farshadfar
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran ,grid.5373.20000000108389418Research Group of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Aalto University, Aalto, Finland
| | - Farshad Shiri
- grid.411463.50000 0001 0706 2472Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Frank Rominger
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alireza Ariafard
- Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Poonak, Tehran, Iran. .,School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia.
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Heckershoff R, Eberle L, Richert N, Delavier C, Bruckschlegel M, Schäfer MR, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Versatile access to nitrogen-rich π-extended indolocarbazoles via a Pictet–Spengler approach. Org Chem Front 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01459a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A bidirectional Pictet-Spengler Reaction allows easy access to nitrogen-rich aromatics with seven fused rings. Photophysical measurements and computational methods show significant differences to parent N-heteropolycycles with fewer nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nick Richert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Delavier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Bruckschlegel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz R. Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Wang Q, Liu B, Feng K, Hashmi ASK. Recent Advance in Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Carboxylic Acid Guided B‐H Functionalization of Carboranes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202201183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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14
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Maier S, Heckershoff R, Hippchen N, Brödner K, Rominger F, Freudenberg J, Hashmi ASK, Bunz UHF. Substituted Cyclopentannulated Tetraazapentacenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201842. [PMID: 35983676 PMCID: PMC9826220 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Brominated pentannulated dihydrotetraazapentacenes were prepared by gold- or palladium-catalyzed 5-endo-dig cyclization of TIPS-ethynylated dihydrotetraazaacenes (TIPS = triisopropylsilyl). Post-functionalization was demonstrated by Sonogashira alkynylation and Rosenmund-von Braun cyanation. Calculations predict these species to act as n-type semiconductors, which was verified for two derivates through characterization in organic field-effect transistors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Nikolai Hippchen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Kerstin Brödner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Chemistry DepartmentFaculty of ScienceKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21589Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM)Heidelberg UniversityIm Neuenheimer Feld 22569120HeidelbergGermany
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15
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Jo T, Taschinski S, Leach IF, Bauer C, Hashmi ASK, Klein JEMN. On the Role of Noncovalent Ligand-Substrate Interactions in Au(I) Catalysis: An Experimental and Computational Study of Protodeauration. ACS Catal 2022; 12:13158-13163. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taegeun Jo
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Svenja Taschinski
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isaac F. Leach
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Bauer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes E. M. N. Klein
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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Heckershoff R, May G, Däumer J, Eberle L, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Mulks FF, Hashmi ASK. Entropy-Induced Selectivity Switch in Gold Catalysis: Fast Access to Indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201816. [PMID: 35699266 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic compounds for organic functional materials and their efficient syntheses are highly demanded. A surprising entropy-induced selectivity switch in the gold-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of 2-ethynyl N-aryl indoles was found and its exploitation led to straightforward syntheses of indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations gave insight into this uncommon selectivity phenomenon and into the special reactivity of the indolo[1,2-a]quinolines. The high functional group tolerance of this methodology enabled access to a diverse scope with high yields. In addition, bidirectional approaches, post-functionalization reactions, and π-extension of the core structure were feasible. An in-depth study of the photophysical properties explored the structure-effect relationship for different derivatives and revealed a high potential of these compounds for future applications as functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Garrett May
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Janika Däumer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian F Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34141 (Republic of, Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141 (Republic of, Korea.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Liu Y, Dietl MC, Han C, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Krämer P, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Amide Enol 2-Iodobenzoates by the Regio- and Stereoselective Gold-Catalyzed Acyloxyalkynylation of Ynamides with Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. Org Lett 2022; 24:7101-7106. [PMID: 36137218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multisubstituted alkenes are accessible by a gold-catalyzed acyloxyalkynylation of ynamides with ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs) with perfect atom-economy. The EBX reagents transfer both the carboxylate as well as the alkynyl entity. Overall, this cascade comprises the in situ generation of an alkynyl gold(III) species, a stereoselective C(sp)-C(sp2) bond formation, and a C-O coupling at the alkynyl position of the ynamides. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions and accepts a wide range of substrates. A number of tetrasubstituted amide enol 2-iodobenzoates bearing different functional groups were obtained in good to excellent yields. DFT calculations explain the observed regioselectivity. The synthetic potential of the reaction was further demonstrated by a number of selected follow-up transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Liu
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chunyu Han
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Stein P, Pascher J, Stracke J, Levacher VS, Wagner JA, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Oeser T, Hashmi ASK. Gold Catalysis: 2,3‐ or 1,4‐Addition to Butadiynes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Heckershoff R, Eberle L, May G, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Bidirectional Access to Planar Heptacyclic Benzobispyrido[1,2‐a]indoles and Benzobispyrrolo[1,2‐a]quinolines for Materials Science. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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20
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Menche M, Klein P, Hermsen M, Konrath R, Ghosh T, Wysocki J, Ernst M, Hashmi ASK, Schäfer A, Comba P, Schaub T. Ligand backbone influence on the enantioselectivity in the ruthenium‐catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination of ketones with NH3/H2 using binaphthyl‐substituted phosphines. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Menche
- BASF SE Computational Chemistry Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Philippe Klein
- Heidelberg University Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Marko Hermsen
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Robert Konrath
- BASF SE Organic Synthesis Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Tamal Ghosh
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Jedrzej Wysocki
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Flel 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Martin Ernst
- BASF SE Organic Synthesis Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Heidelberg University Organic Chemistry Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Ansgar Schäfer
- BASF SE Computational Chemistry Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | - Peter Comba
- Heidelberg University Inorganic Chemistry Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Thomas Schaub
- BASF SE Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
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21
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Wu ZZ, Adak T, Dietl MC, Wang T, Hu C, Shi H, Krämer P, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of α-Ketoamides via Gold(I) Carbene Intermediates. Org Lett 2022; 24:4349-4353. [PMID: 35699937 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
α-Ketoamides have been found to be an important functional group in a broad spectrum of inhibitors such as the Corona virus and other viruses. Here we report an unprecedented gold-catalyzed 2-fold reaction of a bromoalkyne with anthranils. Hydrolysis of the initial product then directly leads to α-ketoamides. Water addition to the intermediate α-iminoimidoyl halides delivered α-ketoamides from a broad range of bromoalkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Zuo Wu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tapas Adak
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Falconnet A, Arndt JD, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Triflic Acid‐Catalyzed Friedel‐Crafts Reaction for the Synthesis of Diaryl Sulfones. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alban Falconnet
- Heidelberg University CaRLa Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg GERMANY
| | - Jan-Dirk Arndt
- BASF SE Chemical Synthesis Carl-Bosch-Str. 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
| | | | - Thomas Schaub
- BASF SE Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38 67056 Ludwigshafen GERMANY
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23
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Sitte NA, Ghiringhelli F, Shevchenko GA, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Copper‐Catalysed Synthesis of Propargyl Alcohol and Derivatives from Acetylene and other Terminal Alkynes. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A. Sitte
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Francesca Ghiringhelli
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Grigory A. Shevchenko
- BASF SE Chemical Synthesis Research Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 D-67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 D-69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BASF SE Chemical Synthesis Research Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 D-67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
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24
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Zhang C, Chen Q, Wang L, Sun Q, Yang Y, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Practical and modular construction of benzo[c]phenanthridine compounds. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1273-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHere, we describe a general and modular strategy for the rapid assembly of benzo[c]phenanthridine (BCP) derivatives using homogeneous gold catalysis. Notably, in contrast to traditional methods based on the specially preformed substrates that have an inherent preference for the formation of this class of compounds with limited flexibility, this protocol is achieved via a selectively intramolecular cascade of a diazo-tethered alkyne and subsequently an intermolecular cyclization with a nitrile to facilitate the successive C-N and C-C bonds formation. This methodology uses readily available nitriles as the nitrogen source to deliver the products in good yield with excellent functional group compatibility. A preliminary anti-tumor activity study of these generated products exhibits high anticancer potency against five tumor cell lines, including HeLa, Mel624, SW-480, 8505C, LAN-1. Besides, we report a catalyst-controlled intermolecular cycloaddition/intramolecular insertion of the substrate with a fulvene to provide fused polycarbocycles containing a seven-membered ring.
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25
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Lichtenberger N, Menche M, Rück KSL, Paciello R, Schäfer A, Comba P, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Revisiting Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylations: (Unexpected) Observation of Substrate-Dependent Mechanistic Differences. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niels Lichtenberger
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Maximilian Menche
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Quantum Chemistry, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
| | - Katharina S. L. Rück
- Chemical Synthesis Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
| | - Rocco Paciello
- Chemical Synthesis Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schäfer
- Quantum Chemistry, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut & Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
- Chemical Synthesis Research, BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen 67056, Germany
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26
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Heckershoff R, Schnitzer T, Diederich T, Eberle L, Krämer P, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Efficient Synthesis of Dipyrrolobenzenes and Dipyrrolopyrazines via Bidirectional Gold Catalysis: a Combined Synthetic and Photophysical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8306-8316. [PMID: 35471963 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New N-heterocyclic fluorophores are sought-after compounds for organic electronic devices. Here, we report on a straightforward synthesis to access meta/para-dipyrrolobenzenes and para-dipyrrolopyrazines in high yields using a bidirectional gold-catalyzed cyclization strategy. The versatility of our reaction protocol was showcased by preparing dipyrroloarenes with different substituents, various functional groups, and in a multitude of substitution patterns. Furthermore, we showed that the dipyrroloarenes can be post-modified by N-alkylation to improve the solubility or bromination to yield precursors for further derivatization via cross-coupling. Investigation of the photophysical properties of the─mostly unprecedented─dipyrroloarenes identified strong blue emitters such as the diphenyl meta-dipyrrolobenzene with a quantum yield of 98%. Moreover, we showed that changes in the solvent polarity or interactions with Lewis acids such as borane can be used to fine-tune the photophysical properties of the fluorophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schnitzer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Het Kranenveld, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Diederich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Jin H, Tong WY, Zhang J, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Shen X, Qu S, Hashmi ASK. Dichotomy of platinum(II) and gold(III) carbene intermediates switching from N- to O-selectivity. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1672. [PMID: 35354823 PMCID: PMC8967914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29326-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pt(II) and Au(III)-mediated intermolecular divergent annulations of benzofurazans and ynamides highlighted the N- to O-selectivity of tunable metal carbene intermediates. PtCl2 with a bulky phosphite ligand resulted in the specific synthesis of six-membered quinoxaline N-oxides and successfully suppressed the in-situ deoxygenation of N-oxides. On the other hand, an unique gold(III) catalyst (2,6-di-MeO-PyrAuCl3) led to the five-membered ring products, benzimidazoles. A broad scope of functional groups was well compatible, delivering better yields and selectivities in contrast to conventional gold(I) catalysts. The different behavior of presumed platinum(II) and gold(III) carbenes with respect to chemoselectivity was intensively examined by experiments and DFT calculations. A detailed mechanistic study, based on DFT calculations, revealed that the highly electrophilic carbocation-like gold(III) carbene triggers an oxophilic cyclization, followed by a cascade ring contraction and acyl migration. On the contrary, the Pt carbene species is less cationic, favoring the formation of the six-membered ring via N-attack. Benzofurazan, a cyclic heterocycle, can form open-chain metal carbene species in the presence of suitable catalysts. Here the authors show divergent reactivity when using gold(III) and platinum(II) catalysts, and perform computational and experimental mechanistic studies to explain the differing reactivity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China. .,Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Wen-Yan Tong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xu Shen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuanglin Qu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China.
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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28
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Wu Y, Hu C, Wang T, Eberle L, Hashmi ASK. Gold‐Catalyzed Reaction of Anthranils with Alkynyl Sulfones for the Regioselective Formation of 3‐Hydroxyquinolines. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou Guangdong 510006 People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University (KAU) 21589 Jeddah Saudi Arabia
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29
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Dietl MC, Vethacke V, Keshavarzi A, Mulks FF, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Mkhalid IAI, Hashmi ASK. Synthesis of Heterobimetallic Gold(I) Palladium(II) Bis(acyclic diaminocarbene) Complexes via the Isonitrile Route. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Vethacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Keshavarzi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian F. Mulks
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibraheem A. I. Mkhalid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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30
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Heckershoff R, Maier S, Wurm T, Biegger P, Brödner K, Krämer P, Hoffmann MT, Eberle L, Stein J, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Freudenberg J, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK, Bunz UHF. Cyclopentannulated Dihydrotetraazapentacenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104203. [PMID: 35020239 PMCID: PMC9303544 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Heckershoff
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Steffen Maier
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Wurm
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philipp Biegger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kerstin Brödner
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marvin T. Hoffmann
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jana Stein
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jan Freudenberg
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 205 A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
| | - Uwe H. F. Bunz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut (OCI) Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials (CAM) Im Neuenheimer Feld 225 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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31
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Wunsch JF, Eberle L, Mullen JP, Rominger F, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Gem-Diaurated Gold(III) Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, Aurophilic Interaction, and Catalytic Activity. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:3508-3515. [PMID: 35179353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present a protocol to synthesize air stable gem-diaurated gold(III) compounds from 1,3-diketones in a single cycloauration step with tetrachloroauric acid. So far related species were only accessible from phosphonium bis(ylide) ligands which hold the two gold atoms in close proximity. Lacking such a constraint, our compounds show the longest Au-Au distances of all gem-diaurated carbons, ranging from 3.26 to 3.32 Å. Modeling based on results of CCSD(T) calculations shows no stabilization by aurophilic interactions for our gold(III) systems, compared to 9.1 kcal/mol for gold(I) gem-diauration. This demonstrates no aurophilic interactions are needed for the isolation of air stable gem-diaurated gold(III) complexes. We show the new gem-diaurated gold(III) compounds are active in the gold-catalyzed phenol synthesis and highly active in the cycloisomerization of an N-propargylcarboxamide; here, we obtained the so far highest known TON of over 2500 per gold atom with respect to the oxazole formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas F Wunsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joseph P Mullen
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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32
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Stuck F, Dietl MC, Meißner M, Sebastian F, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Krämer P, Hashmi ASK. Modularer zweistufiger Zugang zu π‐erweiterten Naphthyridin‐Systemen – potente Bausteine für die organische Elektronik. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Maximilian Meißner
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Finn Sebastian
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Deutschland
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi-Arabien
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33
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Zubar V, Haedler AT, Schütte M, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Hydrogenative Depolymerization of Polyurethanes Catalyzed by a Manganese Pincer Complex. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202101606. [PMID: 34342135 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling, in particular hydrogenative depolymerization, offers a promising way to utilize plastic waste. This report covers the manganese-catalyzed hydrogenation of polyurethane materials to the corresponding monomeric units. The key to success is a Mn pincer complex as a potent hydrogenation catalyst in combination with elevated temperatures (up to 200 °C) and appropriate solvents to ensure sufficient solubility of the polymers. A wide range of polyurethane samples of varying polyol and isocyanate compositions, some of which feature significant amounts of urea functionalities, are depolymerized, releasing polyetherols and diaminotoluene (TDA) in yields of up to 89 % and 76 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Zubar
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Markus Schütte
- BASF Polyurethanes GmbH, Elastogranstr. 60, 49448, Lemfoerde, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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34
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Tahir S, Wunsch JF, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold-catalysed synthesis of phosphonate-substituted oxetan-3-ones – an easy access to highly strained HWE reagents. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01214b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Gold-catalysed reaction of alkynyl phosphonates to attain alkenyl substituted oxetan-3-ones via subsequent HWE reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Tahir
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jonas F. Wunsch
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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35
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Han C, Liu Y, Tian X, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Dual Gold/Silver Catalysis: Indolizines from 2-Substituted Pyridine Derivatives via a Tandem C(sp 3)-H Alkynylation/Iminoauration. Org Lett 2021; 23:9480-9484. [PMID: 34874732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A dual gold/silver-catalyzed cascade C(sp3)-H alkynylation/iminoauration of 2-substituted pyridines with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents for the synthesis of indolizines is described. This novel reaction involves the formation of an alkynyl Au(III) species, a dual gold/silver-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization, and a subsequent iminoauration process. A number of indolizines bearing diverse functionalities were prepared in good to excellent yield. Furthermore, a gram-scale reaction was efficiently conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Han
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yaowen Liu
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Xianhai Tian
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Eppel D, Oberhof N, Dietl MC, Cieslik P, Rudolph M, Eberle L, Krämer P, Stuck F, Rominger F, Dreuw A, Hashmi ASK. Gold(III) Meets Azulene: A Class of [( tBuC ∧N ∧C)Au III(azulenyl)] Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Eppel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nils Oberhof
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Cieslik
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg (Germany)
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Eberle
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Stuck
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Heidelberg Center for the Environment (HCE), Im Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Qiaoying Sun
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Witzel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marvin Hoffmann
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Wissenschaftliches Rechnen (IWR) Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 205A 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
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39
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Wang T, Stein PM, Shi H, Hu C, Rudolph M, Hashmi ASK. Hydroxylamine-mediated C-C amination via an aza-hock rearrangement. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7029. [PMID: 34857758 PMCID: PMC8640056 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27271-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of anilines, synthetic challenges to these targets still exist. Selectivity is often an issue, when using the traditional nitration-reduction sequence or more modern approaches, including arene C-H aminations catalyzed by transition metals, photosensitizers, or electrodes. Accordingly, there is still a need for general methods to rapidly, directly access specific isomers of substituted anilines. Here, we report a simple route towards the synthesis of such motifs starting from benzyl alcohols, which are converted to anilines by the use of arylsulfonyl hydroxylamines, via an aza-Hock rearrangement. Good to excellent yields are observed. The method is applicable to various benzyl alcohol surrogates (such as ethers, esters, and halides) as well as simple alkylarenes. Functionalizations of pharmaceutically relevant structures are feasible under the reaction conditions. Over ten amination reagents can be used, which facilitates the rapid assembly of a vast set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp M Stein
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chao Hu
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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40
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Stuck F, Dietl MC, Meißner M, Sebastian F, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Krämer P, Hashmi ASK. Modular Two-Step Access to π-Extended Naphthyridine Systems-Potent Building Blocks for Organic Electronics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114277. [PMID: 34755928 PMCID: PMC9299885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Efficient synthetic approaches for the incorporation of nitrogen into polyaromatic compounds (PACs) in different patterns as stabilising moiety for π‐extended systems and modification tool for optoelectronic properties remain a challenge until today. Herein, we developed a new versatile pathway to napthyridine‐based PACs as non‐symmetric and regioisomeric pendant to pyrazine‐based PACs. A combination of a gold‐catalysed synthesis of 2‐aminoquinolines and the development of an in situ desulfonation and condensation of these precursors are the key steps of the protocol. The shape and type of attached functional groups of the PACs can be designed in a late stage of the overall synthetic procedure by the chosen anthranile and backbone of the ynamide introduced in the gold‐catalysed step. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and the investigation of electronic properties of the compounds show the influence of the attached substituents. All naphthyridine‐based PACs show halochromic behaviour implying their use as highly sensitive proton sensor in non‐protic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Stuck
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin C Dietl
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Meißner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Finn Sebastian
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Petra Krämer
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriia Zubar
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Niels Lichtenberger
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | | | - Thomas Oeser
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa) University of Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 584 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- BASF SE Carl-Bosch-Straße 38 67056 Ludwigshafen Germany
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42
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Vethacke V, Claus V, Dietl MC, Ehjeij D, Meister A, Huber JF, Paschai Darian LK, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Access to Unsymmetrically Substituted Diaryl Gold N‐Acyclic Carbene (NAC) and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Complexes via the Isonitrile Route. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Vethacke
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Vanessa Claus
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Martin C. Dietl
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Ehjeij
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Arne Meister
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Jonas F. Huber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Leon K. Paschai Darian
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Universität Heidelberg Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia
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43
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Li J, Shi H, Zhang S, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Switchable Divergent Synthesis in Gold-Catalyzed Difunctionalizations of o-Alkynylbenzenesulfonamides with Aryldiazonium Salts. Org Lett 2021; 23:7713-7717. [PMID: 34569242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed difunctionalizations of o-alkynylbenzenesulfonamides with aryldiazonium salts are reported herein. Upon irradiation with the blue LEDs, benzosultam products were formed via aminoarylation accompanied by the release of N2. Without irradiation, aryldiazonium salts were engaged as efficient electrophiles, facilitating electrophilic deaurations of the vinyl-Au(I) intermediates, followed by tautomerization to give the N-aryl-substituted α-imino (E)-hydrazones. The regioselectivities of 6-endo-dig and 5-exo-dig cyclizations were excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hongwei Shi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shan Zhang
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Zhou W, Neumann P, Al Batal M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Depolymerization of Technical-Grade Polyamide 66 and Polyurethane Materials through Hydrogenation. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:4176-4180. [PMID: 33174664 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chemical recycling provides a promising solution to utilize plastic waste. Here, a catalytic hydrogenative depolymerization of polyamide 66 (PA 66) and polyurethane (PU) was developed. The system employed Ru pincer complexes at high temperature (200 °C) in THF solution, and even technical-grade polymers could be hydrogenated with satisfactory yields under these conditions. A comparison of the system with some known heterogeneous catalysts as well as catalyst poisoning tests supported the homogeneity of the system. These results demonstrate the potential of chemical recycling to regain building blocks for polymers and will be interesting for the further development of polymer hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Neumann
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mona Al Batal
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, 67056, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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45
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Sitte NA, Menche M, Tužina P, Bienewald F, Schäfer A, Comba P, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK, Schaub T. Phosphine-Catalyzed Vinylation at Low Acetylene Pressure. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13041-13055. [PMID: 34469141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The vinylation of various nucleophiles with acetylene at a maximum pressure of 1.5 bar is achieved by organocatalysis with easily accessible phosphines like tri-n-butylphosphine. A detailed mechanistic investigation by quantum-chemical and experimental methods supports a nucleophilic activation of acetylene by the phosphine catalyst. At 140 °C and typically 5 mol % catalyst loading, cyclic amides, oxazolidinones, ureas, unsaturated cyclic amines, and alcohols were successfully vinylated. Furthermore, the in situ generation of a vinyl phosphonium species can also be utilized in Wittig-type functionalization of aldehydes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai A Sitte
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Menche
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,BASF SE, Quantum Chemistry, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Pavel Tužina
- BASF SE, Chemical Synthesis Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Frank Bienewald
- BASF SE, Chemical Synthesis Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Ansgar Schäfer
- BASF SE, Quantum Chemistry, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Comba
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry & Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaub
- Catalysis Research Laboratory (CaRLa), Im Neuenheimer Feld 584, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,BASF SE, Chemical Synthesis Research, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, D-67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
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46
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Greiner LC, Inuki S, Arichi N, Oishi S, Suzuki R, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Hashmi ASK, Ohno H. Access to Indole-Fused Benzannulated Medium-Sized Rings through a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Azido-Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12992-12997. [PMID: 34110644 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Because benzannulated and indole-fused medium-sized rings are found in many bioactive compounds, combining these fragments might lead to unexplored areas of biologically relevant and uncovered chemical space. Herein is shown that α-imino gold carbene chemistry can play an important role in solving the difficulty in the formation of medium-sized rings. Namely, phenylene-tethered azido-alkynes undergo arylative cyclization through the formation of a gold carbene intermediate to afford benzannulated indole-fused medium-sized tetracycles. The reactions allow a range of different aryl substitution patterns and efficient access to these otherwise difficult-to-obtain medium-sized rings. This study also demonstrates the feasibility of the semihollow-shaped C-dtbm ligand for the construction of a nine-membered ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Current Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yashima-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Rikito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Current Address: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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47
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Greiner LC, Inuki S, Arichi N, Oishi S, Suzuki R, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Hashmi ASK, Ohno H. Front Cover: Access to Indole‐Fused Benzannulated Medium‐Sized Rings through a Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Azido‐Alkynes (Chem. Eur. J. 51/2021). Chemistry 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca C. Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
- Current Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry Kyoto Pharmaceutical University Yashima-ku, Kyoto 607-8412 Japan
| | - Rikito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
- Current Address: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut Heidelberg University Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kyoto University Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501 Japan
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 P. R. China
| | - Guanghui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science Ludong University Yantai 264025 P. R. China
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49
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Greiner LC, Inuki S, Arichi N, Oishi S, Suzuki R, Iwai T, Sawamura M, Hashmi ASK, Ohno H. Access to Indole-Fused Benzannulated Medium-Sized Rings through a Gold(I)-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Azido-Alkynes. Chemistry 2021; 27:12921. [PMID: 34363259 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Invited for the cover of this issue is Hiroaki Ohno and co-workers at Kyoto University, Hokkaido University, and Heidelberg University. The image depicts a golden compass that guides the adventurer's way in an unknown chemical space. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.202101824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca C Greiner
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shinya Oishi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Current Address: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yashima-ku, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Rikito Suzuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Iwai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Current Address: Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan
| | - Masaya Sawamura
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
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