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Yang F, Wang C, Liang L, Wang Z, You X, Shao G, Wu D, Xia J. Ring Fusion Elevates the Electronic Mobility of Azabenzannulated Perylene Diimide. Chemistry 2024:e202401074. [PMID: 38697944 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The backwardness of n-type organic semiconductors still exists compared with the p-type counterparts. Thus, the development of high-performance n-type organic semiconductors is of great importance for organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits. In recent years, azabenzannulated perylene diimide (PDI), as one of immense bay-region-annulated PDI derivatives, has drawn considerable attentions. However, the electronic mobilities of azabenzannulated PDI derivatives are barely satisfactory. In this contribution, the peripheral benzene ring in azabenzannulated PDI 2 was fused to the ortho position by intermolecular C-H arylation cyclization. This endows the resultant azabenzannulated PDI 4 a planar configuration as well as electron deficient pentagonal ring. As a result, the electronic mobility of 4 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nonfused azabenzannulated PDI 2. This work shall pave a new avenue in elevating the performance of azabenzannulated PDI in organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Wuhan University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Cui Wang
- Wuhan University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, CHINA
| | - Laiyu Liang
- Wuhan 2nd Ship Design & Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, CHINA
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Wuhan 2nd Ship Design & Research Institute, Materials Research Laboratory, CHINA
| | - Xiaoxiao You
- Wuhan University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, CHINA
| | - Guangwei Shao
- Wuhan University of Technology, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, CHINA
| | - Di Wu
- Wuhan University of Technology, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, No. 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, 430070, Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Jianlong Xia
- Wuhan University of Technology, International School of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
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2
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Ramirez-Calderon G, Saleh A, Hidalgo Castillo TC, Druet V, Almarhoon B, Almulla L, Adamo A, Inal S. Enhancing the Maturation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes with an n-Type Organic Semiconductor Coating. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38620064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are a promising cell source for cardiac regenerative medicine and in vitro modeling. However, hPSC-CMs exhibit immature structural and functional properties compared with adult cardiomyocytes. Various electrical, mechanical, and biochemical cues have been applied to enhance hPSC-CM maturation but with limited success. In this work, we investigated the potential application of the semiconducting polymer poly{[N,N'-bis(2-octyldodecyl)-naphthalene-1,4,5,8-bis(dicarboximide)-2,6-diyl]-alt-5,5'-(2,2'-bithiophene)} (P(NDI2OD-T2)) as a light-sensitive material to stimulate hPSC-CMs optically. Our results indicated that P(NDI2OD-T2)-mediated photostimulation caused cell damage at irradiances applied long-term above 36 μW/mm2 and did not regulate cardiac monolayer beating (after maturation) at higher intensities applied in a transient fashion. However, we discovered that the cells grown on P(NDI2OD-T2)-coated substrates showed significantly enhanced expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers in the absence of a light exposure stimulus. A combination of techniques, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, which we applied to investigate the interface of the cell with the n-type coating, revealed that P(NDI2OD-T2) impacted the nanostructure, adsorption, and viscoelasticity of the Matrigel coating used as a cell adhesion promoter matrix. This modified cellular microenvironment promoted the expression of cardiomyocyte maturation markers related to contraction, calcium handling, metabolism, and conduction. Overall, our findings demonstrate that conjugated polymers such as P(NDI2OD-T2) can be used as passive coatings to direct stem cell fate through interfacial engineering of cell growth substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Ramirez-Calderon
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulelah Saleh
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tania Cecilia Hidalgo Castillo
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor Druet
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan Almarhoon
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Latifah Almulla
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antonio Adamo
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Diseases, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Cameron J, Skabara PJ. Organic electron transport materials. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:672-674. [PMID: 38590539 PMCID: PMC10999985 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cameron
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Peter J Skabara
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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4
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Liu Y, Geng Y, Dou Y, Wu X, Hu L, Liu F, Ao W, Zhang C. Mg Compensating Design in the Melting-Sintering Method For High-Performance Mg 3 (Bi, Sb) 2 Thermoelectric Devices. Small 2023; 19:e2303840. [PMID: 37381087 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
N-type Mg3 (Bi, Sb)2 -based thermoelectric (TE) alloys show great promise for solid-state power generation and refrigeration, owing to their excellent figure-of-merit (ZT) and using cheap Mg. However, their rigorous preparation conditions and poor thermal stability limit their large-scale applications. Here, this work develops an Mg compensating strategy to realize n-type Mg3 (Bi, Sb)2 by a facile melting-sintering approach. "2D roadmaps" of TE parameters versus sintering temperature and time are plotted to understand the Mg-vacancy-formation and Mg-diffusion mechanisms. Under this guidance, high weight mobility of 347 cm2 V-1 s-1 and power factor of 34 µW cm-1 K-2 can be obtained for Mg3.05 Bi1.99 Te0.01 , and a peak ZT≈1.55 at 723 K and average ZT≈1.25 within 323-723 K can be obtained for Mg3.05 (Sb0.75 Bi0.25 )1.99 Te0.01 . Moreover, this Mg compensating strategy can also improve the interfacial connecting and thermal stability of corresponding Mg3 (Bi, Sb)2 /Fe TE legs. As a consequence, this work fabricates an 8-pair Mg3 Sb2 -GeTe-based power-generation device reaching an energy conversion efficiency of ≈5.0% at a temperature difference of 439 K, and a one-pair Mg3 Sb2 -Bi2 Te3 -based cooling device reaching -10.7 °C at the cold side. This work paves a facile way to obtain Mg3 Sb2 -based TE devices at low cost and also provides a guide to optimize the off-stoichiometric defects in other TE materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yang Geng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yubo Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Xuelian Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Lipeng Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Weiqin Ao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials, Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Technology of Ceramics, Guangdong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Deep Underground Sciences and Green Energy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
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5
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Zhou Y, Zhang K, Chen Z, Zhang H. Molecular Design Concept for Enhancement Charge Carrier Mobility in OFETs: A Review. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6645. [PMID: 37895626 PMCID: PMC10607980 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have garnered increasing attention from the scientific and industrial communities. The performance of OFETs can be evaluated based on three factors: the charge transport mobility (μ), threshold voltage (Vth), and current on/off ratio (Ion/off). To enhance μ, numerous studies have concentrated on optimizing charge transport within the semiconductor layer. These efforts include: (i) extending π-conjugation, enhancing molecular planarity, and optimizing donor-acceptor structures to improve charge transport within individual molecules; and (ii) promoting strong aggregation, achieving well-ordered structures, and reducing molecular distances to enhance charge transport between molecules. In order to obtain a high charge transport mobility, the charge injection from the electrodes into the semiconductor layer is also important. Since a suitable frontier molecular orbitals' level could align with the work function of the electrodes, in turn forming an Ohmic contact at the interface. OFETs are classified into p-type (hole transport), n-type (electron transport), and ambipolar-type (both hole and electron transport) based on their charge transport characteristics. As of now, the majority of reported conjugated materials are of the p-type semiconductor category, with research on n-type or ambipolar conjugated materials lagging significantly behind. This review introduces the molecular design concept for enhancing charge carrier mobility, addressing both within the semiconductor layer and charge injection aspects. Additionally, the process of designing or converting the semiconductor type is summarized. Lastly, this review discusses potential trends in evolution and challenges and provides an outlook; the ultimate objective is to outline a theoretical framework for designing high-performance organic semiconductors that can advance the development of OFET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haichang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics of Ministry of Education, Shandong Province (QUST), School of Polymer Science & Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 53-Zhengzhou Road, Qingdao 266042, China; (Y.Z.); (K.Z.); (Z.C.)
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6
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Galodé A, Barbier T, Gascoin F. The Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties of the n-Type Solid Solution Bi 2-xSb xTe 3 (x < 1). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5941. [PMID: 37687633 PMCID: PMC10488999 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Commercial Peltier cooling devices and thermoelectric generators mostly use bismuth telluride-based materials, specifically its alloys with Sb2Te3 for the p-type legs and its alloys with Bi2Se3 for the n-type legs. If the p-type materials perform with zT well above the unity around room temperature, the n-type counterpart is lacking efficiency in this temperature range, and has the disadvantage of containing selenium. Indeed, despite the fact that selenium is not environmentally benign and that its handling requires precautions, the use of selenium does not facilitate the optimization of thermoelectric performance at or around room temperature, as the presence of selenium results in a larger band gap. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of a selenium-free n-type (Bi, Sb)2Te3 using a simple two-step process: mechanical alloying synthesis followed by spark plasma sintering. All the members of the solid solution Bi2-xSbxTe3 with x < 1 are n-type materials, with zTs between 0.35 and 0.6. The zT is maximized at lower temperatures with an increasing Sb content, which is proof that the band gap is reduced accordingly. We also show here that an edge-free sintering process considerably improves thermoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franck Gascoin
- Laboratoire CRISMAT, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS Normandie Université (UMR 6508), 14280 Caen, France; (A.G.); (T.B.)
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7
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Forti G, Pankow RM, Qin F, Cho Y, Kerwin B, Duplessis I, Nitti A, Jeong S, Yang C, Facchetti A, Pasini D, Marks TJ. Anthradithiophene (ADT)-Based Polymerized Non-Fullerene Acceptors for All-Polymer Solar Cells. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300653. [PMID: 37191934 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Realizing efficient all-polymer solar cell (APSC) acceptors typically involves increased building block synthetic complexity, hence potentially unscalable syntheses and/or prohibitive costs. Here we report the synthesis, characterization, and implementation in APSCs of three new polymer acceptors P1-P3 using a scalable donor fragment, bis(2-octyldodecyl)anthra[1,2-b : 5,6-b']dithiophene-4,10-dicarboxylate (ADT) co-polymerized with the high-efficiency acceptor units, NDI, Y6, and IDIC. All three copolymers have comparable photophysics to known polymers; however, APSCs fabricated by blending P1, P2 and P3 with donor polymers PM5 and PM6 exhibit modest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), with the champion P2-based APSC achieving PCE=5.64 %. Detailed morphological and microstructural analysis by AFM and GIWAXS reveal a non-optimal APSC active layer morphology, which suppresses charge transport. Despite the modest efficiencies, these APSCs demonstrate the feasibility of using ADT as a scalable and inexpensive electron rich/donor building block for APSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Forti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Robert M Pankow
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Fei Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Brendan Kerwin
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Isaiah Duplessis
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Nitti
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, 30332, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dario Pasini
- Department of Chemistry and INSTM Research Unit, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Light Energy-Activated Redox Processes and the, Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, 60208, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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8
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Lin L, Wang C, Deng Y, Geng Y. Isomerically Pure Oxindole-Terminated Quinoids for n-Type Organic Thin-Film Transistors Enabled by the Chlorination of Quinoidal Core. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203336. [PMID: 36456528 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Quinoidal compounds have great potential utility as high-performance organic semiconducting materials because of their rigid planar structures and extended π-conjugation. However, the existence of E and Z isomers adversely affects the charge-transport properties of quinoidal compounds. In this study, three isomerically pure oxindole-terminated quinoids were developed by introducing chlorine atoms in the quinoidal core. The synthesized quinoids were confirmed to have a Z,Z configuration by means of 1 H NMR spectroscopy, density functional theory calculations, and single-crystal X-ray analysis. Importantly, the strategy of chlorination allowed to maintain low-lying frontier molecular orbital energy levels and ensure favorable intermolecular packing. Consequently, all three quinoidal compounds showed n-type transport characteristics in organic thin-film transistors, with electron mobilities up to 0.35 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is the highest value reported to date for oxindole-terminated quinoids. Our study can provide new guidelines for the design of isomerically pure quinoids with high electron mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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9
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Jakhar N, Bisht N, Katre A, Singh S. Synergistic Approach Toward a Reproducible High zT in n-Type and p-Type Superionic Thermoelectric Ag 2Te. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:53916-53927. [PMID: 36398970 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, superionic thermoelectrics have attracted enormous attention due to their ultralow thermal conductivity and high figure-of-merit (zT). However, their high zT is generally obtained deep inside the superionic phase, e.g., near 1000 K in Cu2X (X: chalcogen atom) family despite a relatively low superionic transition temperature of ∼400 K. At such high temperatures, the liquid-like flow of the metal ions results in material's degradation. Here, we present thermoelectric properties of superionic Ag2Te synthesized by various methods. The sintered Ag2Te samples are shown to exhibit an unpredictable behavior with respect to the sign of thermopower (S) in the superionic phase and the magnitude of electrical conductivity (σ). We overcome this issue using an all-room-temperature fabrication technique leading to an excellent reproducibility from one sample to another. To improve the zT of Ag2Te beyond the phonon-liquid electron-crystal limit (∼0.64 at 575 K in the ingot samples), we adopted a heirarchical nanostructuring technique, which effectively suppressed the thermal conductivity, leading to a significant improvement in the zT values for both n-type and p-type samples. We obtained zT of 1.2 in the n-type and 0.64 in the p-type Ag2Te at 570 K. These values supersede the zT of any Ag2Te previously reported. At 570 K, for our ball-milled/cold-pressed samples, the critical current density for metal-ion migration exceeds 15 A cm-2, which further confirms that Ag2Te is a promising thermoelectric material. Our results are supported by first-principles density functional theory calculations of the electronic and thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navita Jakhar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - Neeta Bisht
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Ankita Katre
- Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
| | - Surjeet Singh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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10
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Abu UO, Akter S, Nepal B, Pitton KA, Guiton BS, Strachan DR, Sumanasekera G, Wang H, Jasinski JB. Ultra-Narrow Phosphorene Nanoribbons Produced by Facile Electrochemical Process. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203148. [PMID: 36068163 PMCID: PMC9631066 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) have inspired strong research interests to explore their exciting properties that are associated with the unique two-dimensional (2D) structure of phosphorene as well as the additional quantum confinement of the nanoribbon morphology, providing new materials strategy for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Despite several important properties of PNRs, the production of these structures with narrow widths is still a great challenge. Here, a facile and straightforward approach to synthesize PNRs via an electrochemical process that utilize the anisotropic Na+ diffusion barrier in black phosphorus (BP) along the [001] zigzag direction against the [100] armchair direction, is reported. The produced PNRs display widths of good uniformity (10.3 ± 3.8 nm) observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and the suppressed B2g vibrational mode from Raman spectroscopy results. More interestingly, when used in field-effect transistors, synthesized bundles exhibit the n-type behavior, which is dramatically different from bulk BP flakes which are p-type. This work provides insights into a new synthesis approach of PNRs with confined widths, paving the way toward the development of phosphorene and other highly anisotropic nanoribbon materials for high-quality electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman O. Abu
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy ResearchUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
| | - Sharmin Akter
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
| | - Bimal Nepal
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
| | - Kathryn A. Pitton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kentucky125 Chemistry–Physics BuildingLexingtonKY40506‐0055USA
| | - Beth S. Guiton
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kentucky125 Chemistry–Physics BuildingLexingtonKY40506‐0055USA
| | - Douglas R. Strachan
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of Kentucky177 Chemistry–Physics BuildingLexingtonKY40506‐0055USA
| | - Gamini Sumanasekera
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
| | - Jacek B. Jasinski
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy ResearchUniversity of LouisvilleLouisvilleKY40292USA
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11
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Li G, Roy B, Huang X, Mu Y, Yuan J, Xia Y, Song Y, Peng Z. High expression of N-type calcium channel indicates a favorable prognosis in gliomas. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29782. [PMID: 35777045 PMCID: PMC9239611 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
For the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma, the development of prognostic biomarkers is critical. The N-type calcium channel, whose predominant subunit is encoded by calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 B (CACNA1B), is mostly found in the nervous system and is closely associated with neurosensory functions. However, the link between the expression of CACNA1B and glioma remains unknown. We used ONCOMINE to explore the differences in CACNA1B expression among different cancers. We then conducted survival analysis and COX analysis using TCGA_LGG and TCGA_GBM datasets, which were divided into CACNA1Bhigh and CACNA1Blow based on the median. We examined the differences in other favorable prognostic markers or clinical characteristics between CACNA1Bhigh and CACNA1Blow using t tests. Differentially expressed genes were identified, and KEGG pathway enrichment was performed. We compared the expression of methyltransferases and analyzed the differentially methylated regions. Immunohistochemistry results were retrieved from the Human Protein Atlas database for validation purposes. CACNA1B was expressed at lower levels in gliomas, and, for the first time, we found that high expression of CACNA1B in gliomas predicts a good prognosis. Other favorable prognostic markers, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation, 1p/19q codeletion, and O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter methylation, were increased in tandem with high expression of CACNA1B. Differentially expressed genes were enriched in multiple pathways related to cancer progression and aberrant epigenetic alterations were significantly associated with CACNA1B. High expression of N-type calcium channels indicates a favorable prognosis for gliomas. This study provides a better understanding of the link between gliomas and N-type calcium channels and may offer guidance for the future treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Li
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Guibin Li, Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute, No. 10 Luoxuan 3rd Road, International Biotech Island, Guangzhou 510320, Guangdong Province, China (e-mail: )
| | | | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Yafei Mu
- Guangzhou KingMed Transformative Medicine Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiecheng Yuan
- KingMed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yue Song
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ziyue Peng
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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12
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de Lourdes Gonzalez-Juarez M, Morales C, Flege JI, Flores E, Martin-Gonzalez M, Nandhakumar I, Bradshaw D. Tunable Carrier Type of a Semiconducting 2D Metal-Organic Framework Cu 3(HHTP) 2. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:12404-12411. [PMID: 35230804 PMCID: PMC9096791 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c00089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a switch from n-type to p-type conductivity in electrodeposited Cu3(2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene)2 [Cu3(HHTP2)] has been observed, which is most likely due to oxygen molecular doping. The synthesis of electrically conductive 2D metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been achieved through the introduction of highly conjugated organic linkers coordinated to their constituent metal-ion centers. However, the porous structure and unsaturated metal sites in MOFs make them susceptible to ambient adsorbates, which can affect their charge transport properties. This phenomenon has been experimentally investigated by GIXRD, Hall effect and Seebeck measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Morales
- Applied
Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus−Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Jan Ingo Flege
- Applied
Physics and Semiconductor Spectroscopy, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus−Senftenberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 1, D-03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Eduardo Flores
- Instituto
de Micro y Nanotecnología (IMN-CNM-CSIC), C/ Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
- Centro
de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología (CNyN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ensenada, Baja California C.P. 22860, Mexico
| | - Marisol Martin-Gonzalez
- Instituto
de Micro y Nanotecnología (IMN-CNM-CSIC), C/ Isaac Newton 8, PTM, E-28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Iris Nandhakumar
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Darren Bradshaw
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
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13
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Yue D, Rong X, Han S, Cao P, Zeng Y, Xu W, Fang M, Liu W, Zhu D, Lu Y. High Photoresponse Black Phosphorus TFTs Capping with Transparent Hexagonal Boron Nitride. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11120952. [PMID: 34940453 PMCID: PMC8705758 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Black phosphorus (BP), a single elemental two-dimensional (2D) material with a sizable band gap, meets several critical material requirements in the development of future nanoelectronic applications. This work reports the ambipolar characteristics of few-layer BP, induced using 2D transparent hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) capping. The 2D h-BN capping have several advantages over conventional Al2O3 capping in flexible and transparent 2D device applications. The h-BN capping technique was used to achieve an electron mobility in the BP devices of 73 cm2V−1s−1, thereby demonstrating n-type behavior. The ambipolar BP devices exhibited ultrafast photodetector behavior with a very high photoresponsivity of 1980 mA/W over the ultraviolet (UV), visible, and infrared (IR) spectral ranges. The h-BN capping process offers a feasible approach to fabricating n-type behavior BP semiconductors and high photoresponse BP photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewu Yue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ximing Rong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Shun Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Peijiang Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Yuxiang Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wangying Xu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Ming Fang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Deliang Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
| | - Youming Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; (D.Y.); (X.R.); (S.H.); (P.C.); (Y.Z.); (W.X.); (M.F.); (W.L.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Correspondence:
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14
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Yoon S, Talin AA, Stavila V, Mroz AM, Bennett TD, He Y, Keen DA, Hendon CH, Allendorf MD, So MC. From n- to p-Type Material: Effect of Metal Ion on Charge Transport in Metal-Organic Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:52055-52062. [PMID: 34061490 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An intriguing new class of two-dimensional (2D) materials based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has recently been developed that displays electrical conductivity, a rarity among these nanoporous materials. The emergence of conducting MOFs raises questions about their fundamental electronic properties, but few studies exist in this regard. Here, we present an integrated theory and experimental investigation to probe the effects of metal substitution on the charge transport properties of M-HITP, where M = Ni or Pt and HITP = 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexaiminotriphenylene. The results show that the identity of the M-HITP majority charge carrier can be changed without intentional introduction of electronically active dopants. We observe that the selection of the metal ion substantially affects charge transport. Using the known structure, Ni-HITP, we synthesized a new amorphous material, a-Pt-HITP, which although amorphous is nevertheless found to be porous upon desolvation. Importantly, this new material exhibits p-type charge transport behavior, unlike Ni-HITP, which displays n-type charge transport. These results demonstrate that both p- and n-type materials can be achieved within the same MOF topology through appropriate choice of the metal ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungwon Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Chico, Chico, California 95973, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - A Alec Talin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Austin M Mroz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, United States
| | - Thomas D Bennett
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
| | - Yuping He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - David A Keen
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Hendon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, United States
| | - Mark D Allendorf
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Monica C So
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Chico, Chico, California 95973, United States
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15
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Wang Y, Pang H, Guo Q, Tsujii N, Baba T, Baba T, Mori T. Flexible n-Type Abundant Chalcopyrite/PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Hybrid Film for Thermoelectric Device Utilizing Low-Grade Heat. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:51245-51254. [PMID: 34677926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining inorganic thermoelectric (TE) materials with conductive polymers is one promising strategy to develop flexible thermoelectric (FTE) films and devices. As most inorganic materials tried up until now in FTE composites are composed of scarce or toxic elements, and n-type FTE materials are particularly desired, we combined the abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic Zn-doped chalcopyrite (Cu1-xZnxFeS2, x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) with a flexible electrical network constituted by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and graphene for n-type FTE films. Hybrid films from the custom design of binary Cu1-xZnxFeS2/PEDOT:PSS to the optimum design of ternary Cu0.98Zn0.02FeS2/PEDOT:PSS/graphene are characterized. Compared with the binary film, a 4-fold enhancement in electrical conductivity was observed in the ternary film, leading to a maximum power factor of ∼ 23.7 μW m-1 K-2. The optimum ternary film could preserve >80% of the electrical conductivity after 2000 bending cycles, exhibiting an exceptional flexibility due to the network constructed by PEDOT:PSS and graphene. A five-leg thermoelectric prototype made of optimum films generated a voltage of 4.8 mV with a ΔT of 13 °C. Such an evolution of an inexpensive chalcopyrite-based hybrid film with outstanding flexibility exhibits the potential for cost-sensitive FTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8671, Japan
| | - Hong Pang
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Quansheng Guo
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Naohito Tsujii
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takahiro Baba
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Baba
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tennoudai 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8671, Japan
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16
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Gschwend PM, Schenk FM, Gogos A, Pratsinis SE. Acetone Sensing and Catalytic Conversion by Pd-Loaded SnO 2. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5921. [PMID: 34683516 DOI: 10.3390/ma14205921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal additives are widely used to improve the performance of metal oxide gas sensors, most prominently with palladium on tin oxide. Here, we photodeposit different quantities of Pd (0–3 mol%) onto nanostructured SnO2 and determine their effect on sensing acetone, a critical tracer of lipolysis by breath analysis. We focus on understanding the effect of operating temperature on acetone sensing performance (sensitivity and response/recovery times) and its relationship to catalytic oxidation of acetone through a packed bed of such Pd-loaded SnO2. The addition of Pd can either boost or deteriorate the sensing performance, depending on its loading and operating temperature. The sensor performance is optimal at Pd loadings of less than 0.2 mol% and operating temperatures of 200–262.5 °C, where acetone conversion is around 50%.
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17
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Ricci G, Canola S, Dai Y, Fazzi D, Negri F. Impact of Fluoroalkylation on the n-Type Charge Transport of Two Naphthodithiophene Diimide Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:4119. [PMID: 34299394 PMCID: PMC8307299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate two recently synthesized naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI) derivatives featuring promising n-type charge transport properties. We analyze the charge transport pathways and model charge mobility with the non-adiabatic hopping mechanism using the Marcus-Levich-Jortner rate constant formulation, highlighting the role of fluoroalkylated substitution in α (α-NDTI) and at the imide nitrogen (N-NDTI) position. In contrast with the experimental results, similar charge mobilities are computed for the two derivatives. However, while α-NDTI displays remarkably anisotropic mobilities with an almost one-dimensional directionality, N-NDTI sustains a more isotropic charge percolation pattern. We propose that the strong anisotropic charge transport character of α-NDTI is responsible for the modest measured charge mobility. In addition, when the role of thermally induced transfer integral fluctuations is investigated, the computed electron-phonon couplings for intermolecular sliding modes indicate that dynamic disorder effects are also more detrimental for the charge transport of α-NDTI than N-NDTI. The lower observed mobility of α-NDTI is therefore rationalized in terms of a prominent anisotropic character of the charge percolation pathways, with the additional contribution of dynamic disorder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Ricci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sofia Canola
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yasi Dai
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstr. 4-6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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18
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Wang S, Wu J, Yang F, Xin H, Wang L, Gao C. Oxygen-Rich Polymer Polyethylene Glycol-Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Toward Air-Stable n-Type Thermoelectric Materials. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:26482-26489. [PMID: 34033474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial for thermoelectric (TE) devices to obtain both p-type and n-type materials and control charge carrier density. However, n-type thermoelectric materials are quite deficient and have lower thermoelectric properties. We report one oxygen-rich polymer named polyethylene glycol (PEG) for converting p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) to air-stable n-type thermoelectric materials. When pristine SWCNTs were doped with 2 mg·mL-1 PEG in an ethanol solution, the optimal Seebeck coefficient of PEG/SWCNT composites reached -50.8 μV·K-1. The result of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy demonstrated that the lone pair of oxygen atoms in the PEG chain has electron transferability to SWCNTs. According to the hard and soft acid and base theory, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was further introduced to improve air stability and thermoelectric performance of doped SWCNTs. As a result, PEG/NaOH/SWCNT composites achieved the highest power factor of 173.8 μW·m-1·K-2 at 300 K. Meanwhile, their final changes in electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient are less than 8% in the investigation of air stability over two months. Inspired by this finding, we fabricated the TE generator composed of the pristine p-type SWCNTs and n-type PEG/NaOH/SWCNT composites. The maximum output power of this robust TE device reached 5.3 μW at a temperature gradient of 76 K, which is superior to many reported TE devices. Moreover, the experimental procedure is attractive as a sustainable process for materials preparation. Our study has indicated that the oxygen-rich polymer-functionalized SWCNTs have huge potential for developing air-stable n-type carbon-based thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Jiatao Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hong Xin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Chunmei Gao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
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19
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Wang Y, Wu S, Yin Q, Du K, Yin Q, Jiang B, Mo S. Novel Hybrid p- and n-Type Organic Thermoelectric Materials Based on Mussel-Inspired Polydopamine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:23970-23982. [PMID: 33974395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c01457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) can serve as building blocks and interfaces in designing functional materials. Here, the use of PDA as an interlayer between polyaniline (PANi) and multidimensional carbon materials, such as graphene quantum dots (GQD), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and graphene nanosheets (GNS), to improve the thermoelectric performance of p-type polymer-based materials has been reported. The introduction of PDA promotes the carrier mobility of GQD/PDA/PANi, CNT/PDA/PANi, and GNS/PDA/PANi ternary composites due to the superior adhesive property of PDA. An optimal conductivity of 4.98 × 104 S m-1 and a power factor of 92.17 μW m-1 K-2 at 363 K are achieved in GNS/PDA/PANi, which are much higher than the values of GNS/PDA and GNS/PANi. More surprisingly, despite the fact that GQD/PDA, CNT/PDA, and GNS/PDA binary composites show p-type properties, the pyrolysis treatment of GQD/PDA, CNT/PDA, and GNS/PDA at 800 °C results in a gain in both the electrical conductivity and negative Seebeck coefficient of c-GQD/PDA, c-CNT/PDA, and c-GNS/PDA. The c-CNT/PDA composites possess the highest Seebeck value of -30.2 μV K-1 and a maximum power factor value of 35.57 μW m-1 K-2. Finally, a flexible thermoelectric generator with 24 thermoelectric units composed of GNS/PDA/PANi and c-CNT/PDA is demonstrated, which gives an output voltage of 52.8 mV at a temperature difference of 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Siqi Wu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qinjian Yin
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kai Du
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Site Mo
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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20
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Xiong C, Shi F, Wang H, Cai J, Zhao S, Tan X, Hu H, Liu G, Noudem JG, Jiang J. Achieving High Thermoelectric Performance of n-Type Bi 2Te 2.79Se 0.21 Sintered Materials by Hot-Stacked Deformation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:15429-15436. [PMID: 33755429 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth telluride has been the only commercial thermoelectric candidate, but the n-type sintered material lags well behind the p-type one in the zT value, which severely limits the further development of thermoelectrics. Here, we report a promising technique named hot-stacked deformation to effectively improve the thermoelectric properties of n-type Bi2Te2.79Se0.21 + 0.067 wt % BiCl3 materials based on zone-melting ingots. It is found that a high grain alignment is maintained during the plastic deformation and the carrier concentration is properly optimized owing to the donor-like effect, leading to an enhanced power factor. Moreover, the lattice thermal conductivity is obviously suppressed due to the emerged phonon scattering centers of dense grain boundaries and dislocations. These effects synergistically yield a maximum zT value of 1.38 and an average zTave of 1.18 between 300 and 500 K in the hot-stacked deformed sample, which is approximately 42% higher than those of the zone-melting ingots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Xiong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Fanfan Shi
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Hongxiang Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jianfeng Cai
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Simao Zhao
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xiaojian Tan
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Haoyang Hu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Jacques G Noudem
- CRISMAT Laboratory, Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS, Caen 14000, France
| | - Jun Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 101408, China
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21
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Chen X, Feng L, Yu P, Liu C, Lan J, Lin YH, Yang X. Flexible Thermoelectric Films Based on Bi 2Te 3 Nanosheets and Carbon Nanotube Network with High n-Type Performance. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:5451-5459. [PMID: 33470114 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices have gained wide attention due to their capability to stably and directly convert body heat or industrial waste heat into electric energy. Many research and synthetic methods of flexible high-performance p-type thermoelectric materials have made great progress. However, their counterpart flexible n-type organic thermoelectric materials are seldom studied due to the complex synthesis of conductive polymer and poor stability of n-type materials. In this work, bismuth tellurium (Bi2Te3) nanosheets are in situ grown on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) assisted by poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). A series of flexible SWCNTs@Bi2Te3 composite films on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membranes are obtained by vacuum-assisted filtration. The high electrical conductivity of 253.9 S/cm, and a corresponding power factor (PF) of 57.8 μW/m·K2 is obtained at 386 K for SWCNTs@Bi2Te3-0.8 film. Moreover, high electrical conductivity retention of 90% can be maintained after a 300-cycle bending test and no obvious attenuation can be detected after being stored in an Ar atmosphere for 9 months, which exhibits good flexibility and excellent stability of the SWCNTs@Bi2Te3 composite films. This work shows a convenient method to fabricate n-type and flexible thermoelectric composite film and further promotes the practical application of n-type flexible thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Linan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Penglu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jinle Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuan-Hua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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22
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Liu Y, Villalva DR, Sharma A, Haque MA, Baran D. Molecular Doping of a Naphthalene Diimide-Bithiophene Copolymer and SWCNTs for n-Type Thermoelectric Composites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:411-418. [PMID: 33373201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping is a powerful tool to tune the thermoelectric (TE) properties of solution-processed semiconductors. In this work, we prepared a binary composite and effectively doped both of its constituents, that is, naphthalene diimide-bithiophene copolymers (PNDI2OD-T2) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), by a 1H-benzimidazole derivative (N-DMBI). The doped composites show an n-type character and an in-plane TE figure of merit (ZT), exceeding the values obtained with the doped polymers. The use of SWCNTs consistently results in a higher σ with a maximum value above 102 S/cm, resulting in the highest power factor of 18.1 μW/mK2 for an SWCNT loading of 45.5 wt %. Furthermore, an SWCNT content up to 9 wt % does not compromise the low thermal conductivity of the polymer matrices, leading to a ZT value of 0.0045. The n-type composites show good solution processability and relatively stable Seebeck coefficients upon air exposure for 8 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Rosas Villalva
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Azimul Haque
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Coutancier D, Zhang ST, Bernardini S, Fournier O, Mathieu-Pennober T, Donsanti F, Tchernycheva M, Foldyna M, Schneider N. ALD of ZnO:Ti: Growth Mechanism and Application as an Efficient Transparent Conductive Oxide in Silicon Nanowire Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:21036-21044. [PMID: 32274923 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the quest for the replacement of indium tin oxide (ITO), Ti-doped zinc oxide (TZO) films have been synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and applied as an n-type transparent conductive oxide (TCO). TZO thin films were obtained from titanium (IV) i-propoxide (TTIP), diethyl zinc, and water by introducing TiO2 growth cycle in a ZnO matrix. Process parameters such as the order of precursor introduction, the cycle ratio, and the film thickness were optimized. The as-deposited films were analyzed for their surface morphology, elemental stoichiometry, optoelectronic properties, and crystallinity using a variety of characterization techniques. The growth mechanism was investigated for the first time by in situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements. It evidenced different insertion modes of titanium depending on the precursor introduction, as well as the etching of Zn-Et surface groups by TTIP. Resistivity as low as 1.2 × 10-3 Ω cm and transmittance >80% in the visible range were obtained for 72-nm-thick films. Finally, the first application of ALD-TZO as TCO was reported. TZO films were successfully implemented as top electrodes in silicon nanowire solar cells. The unique properties of TZO combined with conformal coverage realized by the ALD technique make it possible for the cell to show almost flat external quantum efficiency (EQE) response, surpassing the bell-like EQE curve seen in devices with a sputtered ITO top electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Coutancier
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Shan-Ting Zhang
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Simone Bernardini
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- TOTAL, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olivier Fournier
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, IPVF, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tiphaine Mathieu-Pennober
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR 9001 CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Frédérique Donsanti
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- EDF R&D, IPVF, 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR 9001 CNRS, University Paris-Saclay, 10 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Martin Foldyna
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Nathanaelle Schneider
- Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
- CNRS, UMR 9006, Institut Photovoltaı̈que d'Ile-de-France (IPVF), 18 Boulevard Thomas Gobert, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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24
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Vorona MY, Yutronkie NJ, Melville OA, Daszczynski AJ, Ovens JS, Brusso JL, Lessard BH. Developing and Comparing 2,6-Anthracene Derivatives: Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Their Use in Organic Thin Film Transistors. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1961. [PMID: 32331289 PMCID: PMC7215602 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anthracene-based semiconductors have attracted great interest due to their molecular planarity, ambient and thermal stability, tunable frontier molecular orbitals and strong intermolecular interactions that can lead to good device field-effect transistor performance. In this study, we report the synthesis of six anthracene derivatives which were di-substituted at the 2,6-positions, their optical, electrochemical and thermal properties, and their single crystal structures. It was found that 2,6-functionalization with various fluorinated phenyl derivatives led to negligible changes in the optical behaviour while influencing the electrochemical properties. Furthermore, the choice of fluorinated phenyl moiety had noticeable effects on melting point and thermal stability (ΔTm < 55 °C and ΔTd < 65 °C). Bottom-gate top-contact (BGTC) organic thin transistors (OTFTs) were fabricated and characterized using the 2,6-anthracene derivatives as the semiconducting layer. The addition of fluorine groups on the phenyl groups led to a transition from p-type behaviour to n-type behaviour in BGBC OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Y. Vorona
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.Y.V.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Nathan J. Yutronkie
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.J.Y.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Owen A. Melville
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.Y.V.); (O.A.M.)
| | - Andrew J. Daszczynski
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.J.Y.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Jeffrey S. Ovens
- X-Ray Core Facility, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Jaclyn L. Brusso
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 150 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (N.J.Y.); (A.J.D.)
| | - Benoît H. Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (M.Y.V.); (O.A.M.)
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25
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Lee HS, Park S, Lim JY, Yu S, Ahn J, Hwang DK, Sim Y, Lee JH, Seong MJ, Oh S, Choi HJ, Im S. Impact of H-Doping on n-Type TMD Channels for Low-Temperature Band-Like Transport. Small 2019; 15:e1901793. [PMID: 31379110 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Band-like transport behavior of H-doped transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) channels in field effect transistors (FET) is studied by conducting low-temperature electrical measurements, where MoTe2 , WSe2 , and MoS2 are chosen for channels. Doped with H atoms through atomic layer deposition, those channels show strong n-type conduction and their mobility increases without losing on-state current as the measurement temperature decreases. In contrast, the mobility of unintentionally (naturally) doped TMD FETs always drops at low temperatures whether they are p- or n-type. Density functional theory calculations show that H-doped MoTe2 , WSe2 , and MoS2 have Fermi levels above conduction band edge. It is thus concluded that the charge transport behavior in H-doped TMD channels is metallic showing band-like transport rather than thermal hopping. These results indicate that H-doped TMD FETs are practically useful even at low-temperature ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Lee
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sam Park
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - June Yeong Lim
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sanghyuck Yu
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Jongtae Ahn
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Do Kyung Hwang
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yumin Sim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06794, Korea
| | - Je-Ho Lee
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06794, Korea
| | - Maeng-Je Seong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06794, Korea
| | - Sehoon Oh
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Hyoung Joon Choi
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seongil Im
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea
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26
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Cha J, Zhou C, Cho SP, Park SH, Chung I. Ultrahigh Power Factor and Electron Mobility in n-Type Bi 2Te 3- x%Cu Stabilized under Excess Te Condition. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:30999-31008. [PMID: 31385496 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric (TE) community has mainly focused on improving the figure of merit (ZT) of materials. However, the output power of TE devices directly depends on the power factor (PF) rather than ZT. Effective strategies of enhancing PF have been elusive for Bi2Te3-based compounds, which are efficient thermoelectrics operating near ambient temperature. Here, we report ultrahigh carrier mobility of ∼467 cm2 V-1 s-1 and power factor of ∼45 μW cm-1 K-2 in a new n-type Bi2Te3 system with nominal composition CuxBi2Te3.17 (x = 0.02, 0.04, and 0.06). It is obtained by reacting Bi2Te3 with surplus Cu and Te and subsequently pressing powder products by spark plasma sintering (SPS). The SPS discharges excess Te but stabilizes the high extent of Cu in the structure, giving unique SPS CuxBi2Te3.17 samples. The analyzed composition is close to "CuxBi2Te3". Their charge transport properties are highly unusual. Hall carrier concentration and mobility simultaneously increase with the higher mole fraction of Cu contrary to the typical carrier scattering mechanism. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity is considerably enhanced with Cu incorporation. The Seebeck coefficient is nearly unchanged by the increasing Cu content in contrast to the general understanding of inverse relationship between electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. These effects synergistically lead to a record high power factor among all polycrystalline n-type Bi2Te3-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonil Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chongjian Zhou
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang Hyun Park
- Korea Institute of Energy Research , Daejeon 34129 , Republic of Korea
| | - In Chung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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27
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Teshima Y, Saito M, Fukuhara T, Mikie T, Komeyama K, Yoshida H, Ohkita H, Osaka I. Dithiazolylthienothiophene Bisimide: A Novel Electron-Deficient Building Unit for N-Type Semiconducting Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:23410-23416. [PMID: 31252499 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
N-type (electron-transporting) semiconducting polymers are essential materials for the development of truly plastic electronic devices. Here, we synthesized for the first time dithiazolylthienothiophene bisimide (TzBI), as a new family for imide-based electron-deficient π-conjugated systems, and semiconducting polymers by incorporating TzBI into the π-conjugated backbone as the building unit. The TzBI-based polymers are found to have deep frontier molecular orbital energy levels and wide optical bandgaps compared to the dithienylthienothiophene bisimide (TBI) counterpart. It is also found that TzBI can promote the π-π intermolecular interactions of the polymer backbones relative to TBI most probably because the thiazole ring, which replaced the thiophene ring, at the end of the framework gives a more coplanar backbone. In fact, TzBI-based polymers function as the n-type semiconducting material in both organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Notably, one of the TzBI-based polymers provides a power conversion efficiency of 3.3% in the all-polymer OPV device, which could be high for a low-molecular-weight polymer (<10 kDa). Interestingly, while many of the n-type semiconducting polymers utilized in OPVs have narrow bandgaps, the TzBI-based polymers have wide bandgaps. This is highly beneficial for complementing the visible to near-IR light absorption range when blended with p-type narrow bandgap polymers that have been widely developed in the last decade. The results demonstrate great promise and possibility of TzBI as the building unit for n-type semiconducting polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Teshima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Masahiko Saito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukuhara
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Tsubasa Mikie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Kimihiro Komeyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hiroto Yoshida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
| | - Hideo Ohkita
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Kyoto University , Katsura, Kyoto 615-8510 , Japan
| | - Itaru Osaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering , Hiroshima University , 1-4-1 Kagamiyama , Higashi-Hiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8527 , Japan
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28
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Beygi M, Bentley JT, Frewin CL, Kuliasha CA, Takshi A, Bernardin EK, La Via F, Saddow SE. Fabrication of a Monolithic Implantable Neural Interface from Cubic Silicon Carbide. Micromachines (Basel) 2019; 10:mi10070430. [PMID: 31261887 PMCID: PMC6680876 DOI: 10.3390/mi10070430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the main issues with micron-sized intracortical neural interfaces (INIs) is their long-term reliability, with one major factor stemming from the material failure caused by the heterogeneous integration of multiple materials used to realize the implant. Single crystalline cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is a semiconductor material that has been long recognized for its mechanical robustness and chemical inertness. It has the benefit of demonstrated biocompatibility, which makes it a promising candidate for chronically-stable, implantable INIs. Here, we report on the fabrication and initial electrochemical characterization of a nearly monolithic, Michigan-style 3C-SiC microelectrode array (MEA) probe. The probe consists of a single 5 mm-long shank with 16 electrode sites. An ~8 µm-thick p-type 3C-SiC epilayer was grown on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, which was followed by a ~2 µm-thick epilayer of heavily n-type (n+) 3C-SiC in order to form conductive traces and the electrode sites. Diodes formed between the p and n+ layers provided substrate isolation between the channels. A thin layer of amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) was deposited via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to insulate the surface of the probe from the external environment. Forming the probes on a SOI wafer supported the ease of probe removal from the handle wafer by simple immersion in HF, thus aiding in the manufacturability of the probes. Free-standing probes and planar single-ended test microelectrodes were fabricated from the same 3C-SiC epiwafers. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed on test microelectrodes with an area of 491 µm2 in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The measurements showed an impedance magnitude of 165 kΩ ± 14.7 kΩ (mean ± standard deviation) at 1 kHz, anodic charge storage capacity (CSC) of 15.4 ± 1.46 mC/cm2, and a cathodic CSC of 15.2 ± 1.03 mC/cm2. Current-voltage tests were conducted to characterize the p-n diode, n-p-n junction isolation, and leakage currents. The turn-on voltage was determined to be on the order of ~1.4 V and the leakage current was less than 8 μArms. This all-SiC neural probe realizes nearly monolithic integration of device components to provide a likely neurocompatible INI that should mitigate long-term reliability issues associated with chronic implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Beygi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - John T Bentley
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | | | - Cary A Kuliasha
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Arash Takshi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Evans K Bernardin
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Francesco La Via
- CNR Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Catania, Sicily 95121, Italy
| | - Stephen E Saddow
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
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29
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Cha J, Zhou C, Lee YK, Cho SP, Chung I. High Thermoelectric Performance in n-Type Polycrystalline SnSe via Dual Incorporation of Cl and PbSe and Dense Nanostructures. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:21645-21654. [PMID: 31134792 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b08108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive studies on emerging thermoelectric material SnSe, its n-type form is largely underdeveloped mainly due to the difficulty in stabilizing the carrier concentration at the optimal level. Here, we dually introduce Cl and PbSe to induce n-type conduction in intrinsic p-type SnSe. PbSe alloying enhances the power factor and suppresses lattice thermal conductivity at the same time, giving a highest thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of 1.2 at 823 K for n-type polycrystalline SnSe materials. The best composition is Sn0.90Pb0.15Se0.95Cl0.05. Samples prepared by the solid-state reaction show a high maximum ZT ( ZTmax) ∼1.1 and ∼0.8 parallel and perpendicular to the press direction of spark plasma sintering, respectively. Remarkably, post-ball milling and annealing processes considerably reduce structural anisotropy, thereby leading to a ZTmax ∼1.2 along both the directions. Hence, the direction giving a ZTmax is controllable for this system using the specialized preparation methods for specimens. Spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopic analyses reveal the presence of heavily dense edge dislocations and strain fields, not observed in the p-type counterparts, which contribute to decreasing lattice thermal conductivity. Our theoretical calculations employing a Callaway-Debye model support the experimental results for thermal transport and microscopic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joonil Cha
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Chongjian Zhou
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Kyu Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
| | | | - In Chung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research , Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Seoul 08826 , Republic of Korea
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Tu B, Shao Y, Chen W, Wu Y, Li X, He Y, Li J, Liu F, Zhang Z, Lin Y, Lan X, Xu L, Shi X, Ng AMC, Li H, Chung LW, Djurišić AB, He Z. Novel Molecular Doping Mechanism for n-Doping of SnO 2 via Triphenylphosphine Oxide and Its Effect on Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1805944. [PMID: 30697836 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping of inorganic semiconductors is a rising topic in the field of organic/inorganic hybrid electronics. However, it is difficult to find dopant molecules which simultaneously exhibit strong reducibility and stability in ambient atmosphere, which are needed for n-type doping of oxide semiconductors. Herein, successful n-type doping of SnO2 is demonstrated by a simple, air-robust, and cost-effective triphenylphosphine oxide molecule. Strikingly, it is discovered that electrons are transferred from the R3P+ O- σ-bond to the peripheral tin atoms other than the directly interacted ones at the surface. That means those electrons are delocalized. The course is verified by multi-photophysical characterizations. This doping effect accounts for the enhancement of conductivity and the decline of work function of SnO2 , which enlarges the built-in field from 0.01 to 0.07 eV and decreases the energy barrier from 0.55 to 0.39 eV at the SnO2 /perovskite interface enabling an increase in the conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells from 19.01% to 20.69%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yangfan Shao
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yinghui Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanling He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangzhou Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoqi Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingqiang Shi
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Alan Man Ching Ng
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Lung Wa Chung
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Aleksandra B Djurišić
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, 999077, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhubing He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Full Spectral Solar Electricity Generation (FSSEG), Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
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31
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Lin J, Lv W, Gu Y, Guo K, Yang X, Zhao J. Intentional Carrier Doping to Realize n-Type Conduction in Zintl Phases Eu 5-yLa yIn 2.2Sb₆. Materials (Basel) 2019; 12:ma12020264. [PMID: 30650582 PMCID: PMC6356395 DOI: 10.3390/ma12020264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the tunable electrical transport properties and lower thermal conductivity, Zintl phase compounds have been considered as a promising candidate for thermoelectric applications. Most Sb-based Zintl compounds exhibit essentially p-type conduction as result of the cation vacancy. Herein, n-type Zintl phases Eu5−yLayIn2.2Sb6 has been successfully synthesized via controlling the vacancy defect combined with intentional electron doping. Excess of In would occupy the vacancy while La doping enables the electron to be the major carrier at the measured temperate range, realizing the n-type conduction for Eu5−yLayIn2.2Sb6 (y ≥ 0.04). Meanwhile, the thermal conductivity of Eu5−yLayIn2.2Sb6 reduces from 0.90 W/mK to 0.72 W/mK at 583 K derived from the La doping-induced disorder. The maximum thermoelectric figure of merit zT = 0.13 was obtained. This work firstly realizes the n-type conduction in Eu5In2Sb6, which sheds light on the strategy to synthesize n-type Zintl thermoelectric materials and promotes the practical applications of Zintl thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Wanyu Lv
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Yayun Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Kai Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Xinxin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
| | - Jingtai Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Steel, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China.
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32
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Ly JT, Burnett EK, Thomas S, Aljarb A, Liu Y, Park S, Rosa S, Yi Y, Lee H, Emrick T, Russell TP, Brédas JL, Briseno AL. Efficient Electron Mobility in an All-Acceptor Napthalenediimide-Bithiazole Polymer Semiconductor with Large Backbone Torsion. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:40070-40077. [PMID: 30379059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
An all-acceptor napthalenediimide-bithiazole-based co-polymer, P(NDI2OD-BiTz), was synthesized and characterized for application in thin-film transistors. Density functional theory calculations point to an optimal perpendicular dihedral angle of 90° between acceptor units along isolated polymer chains; yet optimized transistors yield electron mobility of 0.11 cm2/(V s) with the use of a zwitterionic naphthalene diimide interlayer. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction measurements of annealed films reveal that P(NDI2OD-BiTz) adopts a highly ordered edge-on orientation, exactly opposite to similar bithiophene analogs. This report highlights an NDI and thiazole all-acceptor polymer and demonstrates high electron mobility despite its nonplanar backbone conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Ly
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Simil Thomas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE) , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Areej Aljarb
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Soohyung Park
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen Rosa
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics , Yonsei University , 50 Yonsei-ro , Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbok Lee
- Department of Physics , Kangwon National University , 1 Gangwondaehak-gil , Chuncheon-si , Gangwon-do 24341 , Republic of Korea
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Thomas P Russell
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics (COPE) , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
- Laboratory for Computational and Theoretical Chemistry of Advanced Materials, Division of Physical Science and Engineering , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900 , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , University of Massachusetts , 120 Governors Drive , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16803 , United States
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33
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Wang G, Huang K, Liu Z, Du Y, Wang X, Lu H, Zhang G, Qiu L. Flexible, Low-Voltage, and n-Type Infrared Organic Phototransistors with Enhanced Photosensitivity via Interface Trapping Effect. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:36177-36186. [PMID: 30264563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and low-voltage near-infrared organic phototransistors (NIR OPTs) were prepared with a low-band gap donor-acceptor conjugated polymer as the semiconductor layer and n-octadecyl phosphonic acid modified anodic alumina (AlO x/ODPA) as the insulating layer. The phototransistors exhibit the typical n-type transistor characteristics at a voltage below 5 V. The photosensitivity of phototransistors can be enhanced by regulating the packing densities of the ODPA self-assembled monolayers and forming different trap states. The enhanced OPTs exhibit good photosensitivity to 808-980 nm NIR with the photocurrent/dark current ratio and photoresponsivity as high as 5 × 103 and 20 mA W-1, respectively, benefiting from the charge-trapping effect at the AlO x/ODPA interface. The OPTs also present a fast optical switching speed of 20/30 ms and an excellent mechanical flexibility. The outstanding performance of the NIR OPTs indicates that the development of wearable electronics is, indeed, possible.
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Schneider S, Brohmann M, Lorenz R, Hofstetter YJ, Rother M, Sauter E, Zharnikov M, Vaynzof Y, Himmel HJ, Zaumseil J. Efficient n-Doping and Hole Blocking in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Transistors with 1,2,4,5-Tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)ben-zene. ACS Nano 2018; 12:5895-5902. [PMID: 29787248 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b02061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient, stable, and solution-based n-doping of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is highly desired for complementary circuits but remains a significant challenge. Here, we present 1,2,4,5-tetrakis(tetramethylguanidino)benzene (ttmgb) as a strong two-electron donor that enables the fabrication of purely n-type SWCNT field-effect transistors (FETs). We apply ttmgb to networks of monochiral, semiconducting (6,5) SWCNTs that show intrinsic ambipolar behavior in bottom-contact/top-gate FETs and obtain unipolar n-type transport with 3-5-fold enhancement of electron mobilities (approximately 10 cm2 V-1 s-1), while completely suppressing hole currents, even at high drain voltages. These n-type FETs show excellent on/off current ratios of up to 108, steep subthreshold swings (80-100 mV/dec), and almost no hysteresis. Their excellent device characteristics stem from the reduction of the work function of the gold electrodes via contact doping, blocking of hole injection by ttmgb2+ on the electrode surface, and removal of residual water from the SWCNT network by ttmgb protonation. The ttmgb-treated SWCNT FETs also display excellent environmental stability under bias stress in ambient conditions. Complementary inverters based on n- and p-doped SWCNT FETs exhibit rail-to-rail operation with high gain and low power dissipation. The simple and stable ttmgb molecule thus serves as an example for the larger class of guanidino-functionalized aromatic compounds as promising electron donors for high-performance thin film electronics.
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35
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Baek SW, Ha JW, Yoon M, Hwang DH, Lee J. Shellac Films as a Natural Dielectric Layer for Enhanced Electron Transport in Polymer Field-Effect Transistors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:18948-18955. [PMID: 29756443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Shellac, a natural polymer resin obtained from the secretions of lac bugs, was evaluated as a dielectric layer in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on the basis of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-type conjugated semiconducting copolymers. The measured dielectric constant and breakdown field of the shellac layer were ∼3.4 and 3.0 MV/cm, respectively, comparable with those of a poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP) film, a commonly used dielectric material. Bottom-gate/top-contact OFETs were fabricated with shellac or PVP as the dielectric layer and one of three different D-A-type semiconducting copolymers as the active layer: poly(cyclopentadithiophene- alt-benzothiadiazole) with p-type characteristics, poly(naphthalene-bis(dicarboximide)- alt-bithiophene) [P(NDI2OD-T2)] with n-type characteristics, and poly(dithienyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole- alt-thienothiophene) [P(DPP2T-TT)] with ambipolar characteristics. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated OFETs were then measured. For all active layers, OFETs with a shellac film as the dielectric layer exhibited a better mobility than those with PVP. For example, the mobility of the OFET with a shellac dielectric and n-type P(NDI2OD-T2) active layer was approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than that of the corresponding OFET with a PVP insulating layer. When P(DPP2T-TT) served as the active layer, the OFET with shellac as the dielectric exhibited ambipolar characteristics, whereas the corresponding OFET with the PVP dielectric operated only in hole-accumulation mode. The total density of states was analyzed using technology computer-aided design simulations. The results revealed that compared with the OFETs with PVP as the dielectric, the OFETs with shellac as the dielectric had a lower trap-site density at the polymer semiconductor/dielectric interface and much fewer acceptor-like trap sites acting as electron traps. These results demonstrate that shellac is a suitable dielectric material for D-A-type semiconducting copolymer-based OFETs, and the use of shellac as a dielectric layer facilitates electron transport at the interface with D-A-type copolymer channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Woon Baek
- Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Woon Ha
- Department of Chemistry , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Yoon
- Department of Physics , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoul Lee
- Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48547 , Republic of Korea
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36
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Campos A, Riera-Galindo S, Puigdollers J, Mas-Torrent M. Reduction of Charge Traps and Stability Enhancement in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors Based on a Blended n-Type Semiconductor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:15952-15961. [PMID: 29671315 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are essential elements for developing large-area, low-cost, and all organic logic/complementary circuits. Nonetheless, the development of air-stable n-type organic semiconductors (OSCs) lags behind their p-type counterparts. The trapping of electrons at the semiconductor-dielectric interface leads to a lower performance and operational stability. Herein, we report printed small-molecule n-type OFETs based on a blend with a binder polymer, which enhances the device stability due to the improvement of the semiconductor-dielectric interface quality and a self-encapsulation. Both combined effects prevent the fast deterioration of the OSC. Additionally, a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor-like inverter is fabricated depositing p-type and n-type OSCs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Campos
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Sergi Riera-Galindo
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Joaquim Puigdollers
- Department Enginyeria Electrònica , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Jordi Girona 1-3 , 08034 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marta Mas-Torrent
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC) and Networking Research Center on Bioengineering , Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Campus UAB , Cerdanyola del Vallès , 08193 Barcelona , Spain
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37
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Xu H, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Jin J, Liu G, Li Y, Ganguly R, Huang L, Xu W, Zhu D, Huang W, Zhang Q. Polymer-Assisted Single Crystal Engineering of Organic Semiconductors To Alter Electron Transport. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:11837-11842. [PMID: 29578675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new crystal phase of a naphthalenediimide derivative (α-DPNDI) has been prepared via a facial polymer-assisted method. The stacking pattern of DPNDI can be tailored from the known one-dimensional (1D) ribbon (β phase) to a novel two-dimensional (2D) plate (α phase) through the assistance from polymers. We believe that the presence of polymers during crystal growth is likely to weaken the direct π-π interactions and favor side-to-side C-H-π contacts. Furthermore, β phase architecture shows electron mobility higher than that of the α phase in the single-crystal-based OFET. Theoretical calculations not only confirm that β-DPNDI has an electron transport performance better than that of the α phase but also indicate that the α phase crystal displays 2D transport while the β phase possesses 1D transport. Our results clearly suggest that polymer-assisted crystal engineering should be a promising approach to alter the electronic properties of organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixiao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yecheng Zhou
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Jianqun Jin
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | | | | | | | - Li Huang
- Department of Physics , Southern University of Science and Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Wei Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids , Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials , Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications , 9 Wenyuan Road , Nanjing 210023 , China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , Shaanxi , China
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38
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Wu G, Zhang ZG, Li Y, Gao C, Wang X, Chen G. Exploring High-Performance n-Type Thermoelectric Composites Using Amino-Substituted Rylene Dimides and Carbon Nanotubes. ACS Nano 2017; 11:5746-5752. [PMID: 28511002 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the high electrical conductivity of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and the large Seebeck coefficient of rylene diimide, a convenient strategy is proposed to achieve high-performance n-type thermoelectric (TE) composites containing a SWCNT and amino-substituted perylene diimide (PDINE) or naphthalene diimide (NDINE). The obtained n-type composites display greatly enhanced TE performance with maximum power factors of 112 ± 8 (PDINE/SWCNT) and 135 ± 14 (NDINE/SWCNT) μW m-1 K-2. A short doping time of 0.5 h can ensure high TE performance. The corresponding TE module consisting of five p-n junctions reaches a large output power of 3.3 μW under a 50 °C temperature gradient. In addition, the n-type composites exhibit high air stability and excellent thermal stability. This design strategy benefits the future fabricating of high-performance n-type TE materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbao Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Caiyan Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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39
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Zhang Y, Hanifi DA, Fernández-Liencres MP, Klivansky LM, Ma B, Navarro A, Liu Y. Understanding Electron Transport in Disk-Shaped Triphenylene-Tris(naphthaleneimidazole)s through Structural Modification and Theoretical Investigation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:20010-20019. [PMID: 28534391 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Disk-shaped molecules with large aromatic π-surfaces are a class of organic semiconductors in which the charge-carrier transport properties could be greatly facilitated by preferred intermolecular stacking of the π-surfaces. The optical and electronic properties are not only determined by the core aromatic structure of these disk-shaped molecules but are also strongly dependent on the side chains, which directly impact the molecular self-assembly behavior in condensed phases. Triphenylene-tris(naphthaleneimidazole) (TP-TNI) is a recently reported n-type semiconductor featuring a large π-core and branched side chains, with an electron-transporting mobility reaching 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1. To further improve material performance, a detailed study is needed to understand the dependence of carrier transport properties on both the core electronic structure and side chain. Here, we present the detailed synthesis and characterization of a TP-TNI derivative bearing linear side chains, which has demonstrated a field-effect electron-transport mobility of up to 1.3 × 10-3 cm2 V-1 s-1. The more than 1 order improvement in electron-transport properties over the branched side chain homologue can be correlated to ordered twisted packing in the thin film, as revealed by in situ variable temperature grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. In-depth theoretical understanding of the frontier orbitals, reorganization energies, and charge-transfer integrals of TP-TNI molecules has provided further insight into the relationship between the molecular stacking geometry and charge-transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University , 30 South Puzhu Road, 211816 Nanjing, China
| | - David A Hanifi
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University , Palo Alto, California 94305, United States
| | - M Paz Fernández-Liencres
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Liana M Klivansky
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Biwu Ma
- Department of Chemical & Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Materials Science Program, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Amparo Navarro
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad de Jaén , Campus Las Lagunillas, E23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Yi Liu
- The Molecular Foundry and Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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40
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Geier ML, Moudgil K, Barlow S, Marder SR, Hersam MC. Controlled n-Type Doping of Carbon Nanotube Transistors by an Organorhodium Dimer. Nano Lett 2016; 16:4329-4334. [PMID: 27253896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors are among the most developed nanoelectronic devices for high-performance computing applications. While p-type SWCNT transistors are easily achieved through adventitious adsorption of atmospheric oxygen, n-type SWCNT transistors require extrinsic doping schemes. Existing n-type doping strategies for SWCNT transistors suffer from one or more issues including environmental instability, limited carrier concentration modulation, undesirable threshold voltage control, and/or poor morphology. In particular, commonly employed benzyl viologen n-type doping layers possess large thicknesses, which preclude top-gate transistor designs that underlie high-density integrated circuit layouts. To overcome these limitations, we report here the controlled n-type doping of SWCNT thin-film transistors with a solution-processed pentamethylrhodocene dimer. The charge transport properties of organorhodium-treated SWCNT thin films show consistent n-type behavior when characterized in both Hall effect and thin-film transistor geometries. Due to the molecular-scale thickness of the organorhodium adlayer, large-area arrays of top-gated, n-type SWCNT transistors are fabricated with high yield. This work will thus facilitate ongoing efforts to realize high-density SWCNT integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Geier
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Karttikay Moudgil
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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41
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Sun B, Hong W, Thibau ES, Aziz H, Lu ZH, Li Y. Polyethylenimine (PEI) As an Effective Dopant To Conveniently Convert Ambipolar and p-Type Polymers into Unipolar n-Type Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:18662-18671. [PMID: 26244847 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we added a small amount of polyethylenimine (PEI) into several ambipolar and p-type polymer semiconductors and used these blends as channel materials in organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). It is found that PEI can effectively suppress hole transport characteristics while maintaining or promoting the electron transport performance. Unipolar n-channel OTFTs with electron-only transport behavior is achieved for all the polymer semiconductors chosen with 2-10 wt % PEI. The electron-rich nitrogen atoms in PEI are thought to fill the electron traps, raise the Fermi level and function as trapping sites for holes, leading to promotion of electron transport and suppression of hole transport. This work demonstrates a convenient general approach to transforming ambipolar and p-type polymer semiconductors into unipolar n-type polymer semiconductors that are useful for printed logic circuits and many other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emmanuel S Thibau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | | | - Zheng-Hong Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto , 184 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
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42
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Abstract
New inorganic ligands including halide anions have significantly accelerated progress in colloidal quantum dot (CQD) photovoltaics in recent years. All such device reports to date have relied on halide treatment during solid-state ligand exchanges or on co-treatment of long-aliphatic-ligand-capped nanoparticles in the solution phase. Here we report solar cells based on a colloidal quantum dot ink that is capped using halide-based ligands alone. By judicious choice of solvents and ligands, we developed a CQD ink from which a homogeneous and thick colloidal quantum dot solid is applied in a single step. The resultant films display an n-type character, making it suitable as a key component in a solar-converting device. We demonstrate two types of quantum junction devices that exploit these iodide-ligand-based inks. We achieve solar power conversion efficiencies of 6% using this class of colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Ning
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto , 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
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43
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Antunez EE, Campos J, Basurto MA, Agarwal V. Controlled morphology and optical properties of n-type porous silicon: effect of magnetic field and electrode-assisted LEF. Nanoscale Res Lett 2014; 9:512. [PMID: 25313298 PMCID: PMC4193913 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of photoluminescent n-type porous silicon (nPS), using electrode-assisted lateral electric field accompanied with a perpendicular magnetic field, is reported. The results have been compared with the porous structures fabricated by means of conventional anodization and electrode-assisted lateral electric field without magnetic field. The lateral electric field (LEF) applied across the silicon substrate leads to the formation of structural gradient in terms of density, dimension, and depth of the etched pores. Apart from the pore shape tunability, the simultaneous application of LEF and magnetic field (MF) contributes to a reduction of the dimension of the pores and promotes relatively more defined pore tips as well as a decreased side-branching in the pore walls of the macroporous structure. Additionally, when using magnetic field-assisted etching, within a certain range of LEF, an enhancement of the photoluminescence (PL) response was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar E Antunez
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, UAEM, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México
| | - Jose Campos
- Institute for Renewable Energy, UNAM, Priv. Xochicalco S/N, Temixco, Morelos CP 62580, México
| | - Miguel A Basurto
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, UAEM, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Center for Research in Engineering and Applied Sciences, UAEM, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62210, México
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44
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Mao Z, Senevirathna W, Liao JY, Gu J, Kesava SV, Guo C, Gomez ED, Sauvé G. Azadipyrromethene-based Zn(II) complexes as nonplanar conjugated electron acceptors for organic photovoltaics. Adv Mater 2014; 26:6290-6294. [PMID: 25066024 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of new a electron acceptor for organic solar cells is demonstrated. The acceptor is a homoleptic zinc(II) complex of 2,6-diphenylethynyl-1,3,7,9-tetraphenylazadipyrromethene. The high power-conversion efficiency obtained is attributed to the acceptor's 3D structure, which prevents crystallization and promotes a favourable nanoscale morphology, its high Voc , and its ability to contribute to light harvesting at 600-800 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
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45
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Naab BD, Zhang S, Vandewal K, Salleo A, Barlow S, Marder SR, Bao Z. Effective solution- and vacuum-processed n-doping by dimers of benzimidazoline radicals. Adv Mater 2014; 26:4268-72. [PMID: 24753007 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201400668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Naab
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 359 N-S Axis Stauffer III, Stanford, CA, 94303, U. S
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46
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Russ B, Robb MJ, Brunetti FG, Miller PL, Perry EE, Patel SN, Ho V, Chang WB, Urban JJ, Chabinyc ML, Hawker CJ, Segalman RA. Power factor enhancement in solution-processed organic n-type thermoelectrics through molecular design. Adv Mater 2014; 26:3473-3477. [PMID: 24633973 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 02/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new class of high-performance n-type organic thermoelectric materials, self-doping perylene diimide derivatives with modified side chains, is reported. These materials achieve the highest n-type thermoelectric performance of solution-processed organic materials reported to date, with power factors as high as 1.4 μW/mK(2). These results demonstrate that molecular design is a promising strategy for enhancing organic thermoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Russ
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
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47
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Schlitz RA, Brunetti FG, Glaudell AM, Miller PL, Brady MA, Takacs CJ, Hawker CJ, Chabinyc ML. Solubility-limited extrinsic n-type doping of a high electron mobility polymer for thermoelectric applications. Adv Mater 2014; 26:2825-30. [PMID: 24448874 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The thermoelectric properties of a highperformance electron-conducting polymer, (P(NDIOD-T2), extrinsically doped with dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl (NDBI) derivatives, are reported. The highest thermoelectric power factor that has been reported for a solution-processed n-type polymer is achieved; and it is concluded that engineering polymerdopant miscibility is essential for the development of organic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth A Schlitz
- Materials Research Laboratory, MC 5121, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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48
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Zhao Y, Guo Y, Liu Y. 25th anniversary article: recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic field-effect transistors. Adv Mater 2013; 25:5372-91. [PMID: 24038388 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The advantages of organic field-effect transistors, such as low cost, mechanical flexibility and large-area fabrication, make them potentially useful for electronic applications such as flexible switching backplanes for video displays, radio frequency identifications and so on. A large amount of molecules were designed and synthesized for electron transporting (n-type) and ambipolar organic semiconductors with improved performance and stability. In this review, we focus on the advances in performance and molecular design of n-type and ambipolar semiconductors reported in the past few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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49
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Zhao JH, Han EJ, Liu TM, Zeng W. First principles study on the electronic properties of Zn(64)Sb(64-x)Te(x) solid solution (x = 0, 2, 3, 4). Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:3162-9. [PMID: 21686176 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12053162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The electronic properties of Te doped-ZnSb systems are investigated by first-principles calculations. We focus on the Zn64Sb64−xTex systems (x = 0, 2, 3, 4), which respond to the 0, 1.56at%, 2.34at% and 3.12at% of Te doping concentration. We confirm that the amount of Te doping will change the conductivity type of ZnSb. In the cases of x = 2 and 3, we find that the Te element in ZnSb introduces some bands originating from Te s and p orbits and a donor energy level in the bottom of the conduction band, which induce the n-type conductivity of ZnSb. From these findings for the electronic structure and the conductivity mechanism, we predict that Te doping amounts such as 1.56at% and 2.34at% can be considered as suitable candidates for use as donor dopant.
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50
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Kaneko S, Yada N, Fukuda K, Kikuwaka M, Akaike A, Satoh M. Inhibition of Ca2+ channel current by mu- and kappa-opioid receptors coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes: desensitization dependence on Ca2+ channel alpha 1 subunits. Br J Pharmacol 1997; 121:806-12. [PMID: 9208152 PMCID: PMC1564739 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Desensitization of mu- and kappa-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels was studied in a Xenopus oocyte translation system. 2. In the oocytes coexpressing kappa-opioid receptors with N- or Q-type Ca2+ channel alpha 1 and beta subunits, the kappa-agonist, U50488H, inhibited both neuronal Ca2+ channel current responses in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner and the inhibition was reduced by prolonged agonist exposure. 3. More than 10 min was required to halve the inhibition of Q-type channels by the kappa-agonist. However, the half-life for the inhibition of N-type channels was only 6 +/- 1 min. In addition, in the oocytes coexpressing mu-opioid receptors with N-type or Q-type channels, the uncoupling rate of the mu-receptor-mediated inhibition of N-channels was also faster than that of Q-type channels. 4. In the oocytes coexpressing both mu- and kappa-receptors with N-type channels, stimulation of either receptor resulted in a cross-desensitization of the subsequent response to the other agonist. Treatment of oocytes with either H-8 (100 microM), staurosporine (400 nM), okadaic acid (200 nM), phorbol myristate acetate (5 nM) or forskolin (50 microM) plus phosphodiesterase inhibitor did not affect either the desensitization or the agonist-evoked inhibition of Ca2+ channels. 5. These results suggest that the rate of rapid desensitization is dependent on the alpha 1 subtype of the neuronal Ca2+ channel, and that a common phosphorylation-independent mechanism underlies the heterologous desensitization between opioid receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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