1
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Chen J, Jiang G, Hamann E, Mescher H, Jin Q, Allegro I, Brenner P, Li Z, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A, Lemmer U. Organosilicon-Based Ligand Design for High-Performance Perovskite Nanocrystal Films for Color Conversion and X-ray Imaging. ACS Nano 2024; 18:10054-10062. [PMID: 38527458 PMCID: PMC11008364 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) bear a huge potential for widespread applications, such as color conversion, X-ray scintillators, and active laser media. However, the poor intrinsic stability and high susceptibility to environmental stimuli including moisture and oxygen have become bottlenecks of PNC materials for commercialization. Appropriate barrier material design can efficiently improve the stability of the PNCs. Particularly, the strategy for packaging PNCs in organosilicon matrixes can integrate the advantages of inorganic-oxide-based and polymer-based encapsulation routes. However, the inert long-carbon-chain ligands (e.g., oleic acid, oleylamine) used in the current ligand systems for silicon-based encapsulation are detrimental to the cross-linking of the organosilicon matrix, resulting in performance deficiencies in the nanocrystal films, such as low transparency and large surface roughness. Herein, we propose a dual-organosilicon ligand system consisting of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane with pentanedioic anhydride (APTES-PA), to replace the inert long-carbon-chain ligands for improving the performance of organosilicon-coated PNC films. As a result, strongly fluorescent PNC films prepared by a facile solution-casting method demonstrate high transparency and reduced surface roughness while maintaining high stability in various harsh environments. The optimized PNC films were eventually applied in an X-ray imaging system as scintillators, showing a high spatial resolution above 20 lp/mm. By designing this promising dual organosilicon ligand system for PNC films, our work highlights the crucial influence of the molecular structure of the capping ligands on the optical performance of the PNC film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchi Chen
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Guocan Jiang
- Zhejiang
Institute of Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang, P. R. China
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elias Hamann
- Institute
for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76344, Eggenstein Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Henning Mescher
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qihao Jin
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Isabel Allegro
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Philipp Brenner
- ZEISS
Innovation Hub @ KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Zhejiang
Institute of Photoelectronics, Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004 Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden (TUD), Zellescher
Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Uli Lemmer
- Light
Technology Institute, Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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2
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Liu Y, Wang L, Hübner R, Kresse J, Zhang X, Deconinick M, Vaynzof Y, Weidinger IM, Eychmüller A. Cobalt-based Co 3Mo 3N/Co 4N/Co Metallic Heterostructure as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319239. [PMID: 38314947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis holds promise for large-scale hydrogen production, yet it encounters challenges like high voltage and limited stability at higher current densities, primarily due to inefficient electron transport kinetics. Herein, a novel cobalt-based metallic heterostructure (Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co) is designed for excellent water electrolysis. In operando Raman experiments reveal that the formation of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface boosts the free water adsorption and dissociation, increasing the available protons for subsequent hydrogen production. Furthermore, the altered electronic structure of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface optimizes ΔGH of the nitrogen atoms at the interface. This synergistic effect between interfacial nitrogen atoms and metal phase cobalt creates highly efficient active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby enhancing the overall HER performance. Additionally, the heterostructure exhibits a rapid OH- adsorption rate, coupled with great adsorption strength, leading to improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Crucially, the metallic heterojunction accelerates electron transport, expediting the afore-mentioned reaction steps and enhancing water splitting efficiency. The Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co electrocatalyst in the water electrolyzer delivers excellent performance, with a low 1.58 V cell voltage at 10 mA cm-2, and maintains 100 % retention over 100 hours at 200 mA cm-2, surpassing the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Liu
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lirong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Kresse
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Marielle Deconinick
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Wei W, Guo F, Wang C, Wang L, Sheng Z, Wu X, Cai B, Eychmüller A. Strain Effects in Ru-Au Bimetallic Aerogels Boost Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. Small 2024:e2310603. [PMID: 38279621 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
To improve the sluggish kinetics of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), a key component in water-splitting applications, there is an urgent desire to develop efficient, cost-effective, and stable electrocatalysts. Strain engineering is proving an efficient strategy for increasing the catalytic activity of electrocatalysts. This work presents the development of Ru-Au bimetallic aerogels by a simple one-step in situ reduction-gelation approach, which exhibits strain effects and electron transfer to create a remarkable HER activity and stability in an alkaline environment. The surface strain induced by the bimetallic segregated structure shifts the d-band center downward, enhancing catalysis by balancing the processes of water dissociation, OH* adsorption, and H* adsorption. Specifically, the optimized catalyst shows low overpotentials of only 24.1 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolytes, surpassing commercial Pt/C. This study can contribute to the understanding of strain engineering in bimetallic electrocatalysts for HER at the atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Public Experiment and Service Center, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Public Experiment and Service Center, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lingwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhizhi Sheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Puzhu South Road 30, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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4
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Nichterwitz M, Hiekel K, Wolf D, Eychmüller A, Leistner K. Voltage-Controlled ON-OFF-Switching of Magnetoresistance in FeO x/Fe/Au Aerogel Networks. ACS Mater Au 2024; 4:55-64. [PMID: 38221921 PMCID: PMC10786128 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.3c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Voltage control of magnetoresistance (MR) in nanoscale three-dimensional (3D) geometries is interesting from a fundamental point of view and a promising route toward novel sensors and energy-efficient computing schemes. Magneto-ionic mechanisms are favorable for low-voltage control of magnetism and room-temperature operation, but magneto-ionic control of MR has been studied only for planar geometries so far. We synthesize a 3D nanomaterial with magneto-ionic functionality by electrodepositing an iron hydroxide/iron coating on a porous nanoscale gold network (aerogel). To enable maximum magneto-ionic ON-OFF-switching, the thickness of the coating is adjusted to a few nanometers by a self-terminating electrodeposition process. In situ magnetotransport measurements during electrolytic gating of these nanostructures reveal large reversible changes in MR, including ON-OFF-switching of MR, with a small applied voltage difference (1.72 V). This effect is related to the electrochemical switching between a ferromagnetic iron shell/gold core nanostructure (negative MR at the reduction voltage) and an iron oxide shell/gold core nanostructure (negligible MR at the oxidation voltage).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nichterwitz
- Electrochemical
Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Strasse der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Karl Hiekel
- Physical
Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Daniel Wolf
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | | | - Karin Leistner
- Electrochemical
Sensors and Energy Storage, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, TU Chemnitz, Strasse der Nationen 62, Chemnitz 09111, Germany
- Leibniz
IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, Dresden 01069, Germany
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5
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Raevskaya A, Rozovik O, Novikova A, Selyshchev O, Stroyuk O, Dzhagan V, Goryacheva I, Gaponik N, Zahn DRT, Eychmüller A. Correction: Luminescence and photoelectrochemical properties of size-selected aqueous copper-doped Ag-In-S quantum dots. RSC Adv 2023; 13:31487. [PMID: 37901258 PMCID: PMC10603616 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra90104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA00257F.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Raevskaya
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Oksana Rozovik
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | | | | | - Oleksandr Stroyuk
- L. V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Kyiv 03028 Ukraine
| | | | | | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology 09107 Chemnitz Germany
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6
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Kresse J, Georgi M, Hübner R, Eychmüller A. Structural investigations of Au-Ni aerogels: morphology and element distribution. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:5487-5498. [PMID: 37822903 PMCID: PMC10563840 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00359k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of nanomaterials are determined by their structural features, making accurate structural control indispensable. This carries over to future applications. In the case of metal aerogels, highly porous networks of aggregated metal nanoparticles, such precise tuning is still largely pending. Although recent improvements in controlling synthesis parameters like electrolytes, reductants, or mechanical stirring, the focus has always been on one particular morphology at a time. Meanwhile, complex factors, such as morphology and element distributions, are studied rather sparsely. We demonstrate the capabilities of precise morphology design by deploying Au-Ni, a novel element combination for metal aerogels in itself, as a model system to combine common aerogel morphologies under one system for the first time. Au-Ni aerogels were synthesized via modified one- and two-step gelation, partially combined with galvanic replacement, to obtain aerogels with alloyed, heterostructural (novel metal aerogel structure of interconnected nanoparticles and nanochains), and hollow spherical building blocks. These differences in morphology are directly reflected in the physisorption behavior, linking the isotherm shape and pore size distribution to the structural features of the aerogels, including a broad-ranging specific surface area (35-65 m2 g-1). The aerogels were optimized regarding metal concentration, destabilization, and composition, revealing some delicate structural trends regarding the ligament size and hollow sphere character. Hence, this work significantly improves the structural tailoring of metal aerogels and possible up-scaling. Lastly, preliminary ethanol oxidation tests demonstrated that morphology design extends to the catalytic performance. All in all, this work emphasizes the strengths of morphology design to obtain optimal structures, properties, and (performances) for any material application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Kresse
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V. Dresden 01328 Germany
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7
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Zhang X, Wang T, Wang C, Hübner R, Eychmüller A, Zhan J, Cai B. Bimetallic Pt-Hg Aerogels for Electrocatalytic Upgrading of Ethanol to Acetate. Small 2023; 19:e2207557. [PMID: 36866466 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical upgrading of ethanol to acetic acid provides a promising strategy to couple with the current hydrogen production from water electrolysis. This work reports the design of a series of bimetallic PtHg aerogels, where the PtHg aerogel exhibits a 10.5-times higher mass activity than that of commercial Pt/C toward ethanol oxidation. More impressively, the PtHg aerogel demonstrates nearly 100% selectivity toward the production of acetic acid. The operando infrared spectroscopic studies and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis verify the preferable C2 pathway mechanism during the reaction. This work opens an avenue for the electrochemical synthesis of acetic acid via ethanol electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cui Wang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Jinhua Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Bin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Shandong University, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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8
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Zhang X, Wang C, Chen K, Clark AH, Hübner R, Zhan J, Zhang L, Eychmüller A, Cai B. Optimizing the Pd Sites in Pure Metallic Aerogels for Efficient Electrocatalytic H 2 O 2 Production. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2211512. [PMID: 36774196 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Decentralized electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) is an attractive alternative to the industrial anthraquinone process, the application of which is hindered by the lack of high-performance electrocatalysts in acidic media. Herein, a novel catalyst design strategy is reported to optimize the Pd sites in pure metallic aerogels by tuning their geometric environments and electronic structures. By increasing the Hg content in the Pd-Hg aerogels, the PdPd coordination is gradually diminished, resulting in isolated, single-atom-like Pd motifs in the Pd2 Hg5 aerogel. Further heterometal doping leads to a series of M-Pd2 Hg5 aerogels with an unalterable geometric environment, allowing for sole investigation of the electronic effects. Combining theoretical and experimental analyses, a volcano relationship is obtained for the M-Pd2 Hg5 aerogels, demonstrating an effective tunability of the electronic structure of the Pd active sites. The optimized Au-Pd2 Hg5 aerogel exhibits an outstanding H2 O2 selectivity of 92.8% as well as transferred electron numbers of ≈2.1 in the potential range of 0.0-0.4 VRHE . This work opens a door for designing metallic aerogel electrocatalysts for H2 O2 production and highlights the importance of electronic effects in tuning electrocatalytic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for Combustion Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Adam H Clark
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, 5232, Switzerland
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Center for Combustion Energy, School of Vehicle and Mobility, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | | | - Bin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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9
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Diercks JS, Herranz J, Ebner K, Diklić N, Georgi M, Chauhan P, Clark AH, Nachtegaal M, Eychmüller A, Schmidt TJ. Spectroscopy vs. Electrochemistry: Catalyst Layer Thickness Effects on Operando/In Situ Measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216633. [PMID: 36749547 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, operando/in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has become an important tool in the electrocatalysis community. However, the high catalyst loadings often required to acquire XA-spectra with a satisfactory signal-to-noise ratio frequently imply the use of thick catalyst layers (CLs) with large ion- and mass-transport limitations. To shed light on the impact of this variable on the spectro-electrochemical results, in this study we investigate Pd-hydride formation in carbon-supported Pd-nanoparticles (Pd/C) and an unsupported Pd-aerogel with similar Pd surface areas but drastically different morphologies and electrode packing densities. Our in situ XAS and rotating disk electrode (RDE) measurements with different loadings unveil that the CL-thickness largely determines the hydride formation trends inferred from spectro-electrochemical experiments, therewith calling for the minimization of the CL-thickness in such experiments and the use of complementary thin-film control measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus S Diercks
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Ebner
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Nataša Diklić
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Piyush Chauhan
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Adam H Clark
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen-PSI, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Diercks JS, Herranz J, Ebner K, Diklić N, Georgi M, Chauhan P, Clark AH, Nachtegaal M, Eychmüller A, Schmidt TJ. Spectroscopy vs. Electrochemistry: Catalyst Layer Thickness Effects on Operando / In Situ Measurements. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202216633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justus S. Diercks
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Electrochemistry Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Juan Herranz
- Paul Scherrer Institut Electrochemistry Laboratory OLGA/105 5232 Villigen PSI SWITZERLAND
| | - Kathrin Ebner
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Electrochemistry Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Nataša Diklić
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Electrochemistry Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Technische Universität Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Piyush Chauhan
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Electrochemistry Laboratory SWITZERLAND
| | - Adam H. Clark
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry SWITZERLAND
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Technische Universität Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Chair of Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Paul Scherrer Institute: Paul Scherrer Institut PSI Electrochemistry Laboratory SWITZERLAND
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11
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Wang C, Herranz J, Hübner R, Schmidt TJ, Eychmüller A. Element Distributions in Bimetallic Aerogels. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:237-247. [PMID: 36700845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusMetal aerogels assembled from nanoparticles have captured grand attention because they combine the virtues of metals and aerogels and are regarded as ideal materials to address current environmental and energy issues. Among these aerogels, those composed of two metals not only display combinations (superpositions) of the properties of their individual metal components but also feature novel properties distinctly different from those of their monometallic relatives. Therefore, quite some effort has been invested in refining the synthetic methods, compositions, and structures of such bimetallic aerogels as to boost their performance for the envisaged application(s). One such use would be in the field of electrocatalysis, whereby it is also of utmost interest to unravel the element distributions of the (multi)metallic catalysts to achieve a ratio of their bottom-to-up design. Regarding the element distributions in bimetallic aerogels, advanced characterization techniques have identified alloys, core-shells, and structures in which the two metal particles are segregated (i.e., adjacent but without alloy or core-shell structure formation). While an almost infinite number of metal combinations to form bimetallic aerogels can be envisaged, the knowledge of their formation mechanisms and the corresponding element distributions is still in its infancy. The evolution of the observed musters is all but well understood, not to mention the positional changes of the elements observed in operando or in beginning- vs end-of-life comparisons (e.g., in fuel cell applications).With this motivation, in this Account we summarize the endeavors made in element distribution monitoring in bimetallic aerogels in terms of synthetic methods, expected structures, and their evolution during electrocatalysis. After an introductory chapter, we first describe briefly the two most important characterization techniques used for this, namely, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with element mapping (e.g., energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS)) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). We then explain the universal methods used to prepare bimetallic aerogels with different compositions. Those are divided into one-step methods in which gels formed from mixtures of the respective metal salts are coreduced and two-step approaches in which monometallic nanoparticles are mixed and gelated. Subsequently, we summarize the current state-of-knowledge on the element distributions unraveled using diverse characterization methods. This is extended to investigations of the element distributions being altered during electrochemical cycling or other loads. So far, a theoretical understanding of these processes is sparse, not to mention predictions of element distributions. The Account concludes with a series of remarks on current challenges in the field and an outlook on the gains that the field would earn from a solid understanding of the underlying processes and a predictive theoretical backing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cui Wang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Gao X, Jiang G, Gao C, Prudnikau A, Hübner R, Zhan J, Zou G, Eychmüller A, Cai B. Interparticle Charge-Transport-Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of Quantum-Dot Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214487. [PMID: 36347831 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) represents a widely explored technique to generate light, in which the emission intensity relies critically on the charge-transfer reactions between electrogenerated radicals. Two types of charge-transfer mechanisms have been postulated for ECL generation, but the manipulation and effective probing of these routes remain a fundamental challenge. Here, we demonstrate the design of quantum dot (QD) aerogels as novel ECL luminophores via a versatile water-induced gelation strategy. The strong electronic coupling between adjacent QDs enables efficient charge transport within the aerogel network, leading to the generation of highly efficient ECL based on the selectively improved interparticle charge-transfer route. This mechanism is further verified by designing CdSe-CdTe mixed QD aerogels, where the two mechanistic routes are clearly decoupled for ECL generation. We anticipate our work will advance the fundamental understanding of ECL and prove useful for designing next-generation QD-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Guocan Jiang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cunyuan Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Anatol Prudnikau
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | - Guizheng Zou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
| | | | - Bin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100, Jinan, China
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13
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Gao X, Jiang G, Gao C, Prudnikau A, Hübner R, Zhan J, Zou G, Eychmüller A, Cai B. Interparticle Charge‐Transport‐Enhanced Electrochemiluminescence of Quantum‐Dot Aerogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202214487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Gao
- Shandong University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guocan Jiang
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Cunyuan Gao
- Shandong University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Anatol Prudnikau
- TU Dresden: Technische Universitat Dresden Physical Chemistry GERMANY
| | - René Hübner
- HZDR: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research GERMANY
| | - Jinhua Zhan
- Shandong University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | - Guizheng Zou
- Shandong University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering CHINA
| | | | - Bin Cai
- Shandong University Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanda Nan Road 27 250100 Jinan CHINA
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14
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Diercks JS, Herranz J, Georgi M, Diklić N, Chauhan P, Ebner K, Clark AH, Nachtegaal M, Eychmüller A, Schmidt TJ. Interplay between Surface-Adsorbed CO and Bulk Pd Hydride under CO 2-Electroreduction Conditions. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justus S. Diercks
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physical Chemistry, Technical University Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nataša Diklić
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Piyush Chauhan
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Ebner
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Adam H. Clark
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Maarten Nachtegaal
- Laboratory for Synchrotron Radiation and Femtochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas J. Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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15
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Chauhan P, Hiekel K, Diercks JS, Herranz J, Saveleva VA, Khavlyuk P, Eychmüller A, Schmidt TJ. Electrochemical Surface Area Quantification, CO 2 Reduction Performance, and Stability Studies of Unsupported Three-Dimensional Au Aerogels versus Carbon-Supported Au Nanoparticles. ACS Mater Au 2022; 2:278-292. [PMID: 35578702 PMCID: PMC9101071 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.1c00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The efficient scale-up of CO2-reduction technologies is a pivotal step to facilitate intermittent energy storage and for closing the carbon cycle. However, there is a need to minimize the occurrence of undesirable side reactions like H2 evolution and achieve selective production of value-added CO2-reduction products (CO and HCOO-) at as-high-as-possible current densities. Employing novel electrocatalysts such as unsupported metal aerogels, which possess a highly porous three-dimensional nanostructure, offers a plausible approach to realize this. In this study, we first quantify the electrochemical surface area of an Au aerogel (≈5 nm in web thickness) using the surface oxide-reduction and copper underpotential deposition methods. Subsequently, the aerogel is tested for its CO2-reduction performance in an in-house developed, two-compartment electrochemical cell. For comparison purposes, similar measurements are also performed on polycrystalline Au and a commercial catalyst consisting of Au nanoparticles supported on carbon black (Au/C). The Au aerogel exhibits a faradaic efficiency of ≈97% for CO production at ≈-0.48 VRHE, with a suppression of H2 production compared to Au/C that we ascribe to its larger Au-particle size. Finally, identical-location transmission electron microscopy of both nanomaterials before and after CO2-reduction reveals that, unlike Au/C, the aerogel network retains its nanoarchitecture at the potential of peak CO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Chauhan
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Karl Hiekel
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Justus S Diercks
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Viktoriia A Saveleva
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Khavlyuk
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Coropceanu I, Janke EM, Portner J, Haubold D, Nguyen TD, Das A, Tanner CPN, Utterback JK, Teitelbaum SW, Hudson MH, Sarma NA, Hinkle AM, Tassone CJ, Eychmüller A, Limmer DT, Olvera de la Cruz M, Ginsberg NS, Talapin DV. Self-assembly of nanocrystals into strongly electronically coupled all-inorganic supercrystals. Science 2022; 375:1422-1426. [PMID: 35324292 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm6753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Colloidal nanocrystals of metals, semiconductors, and other functional materials can self-assemble into long-range ordered crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, but insulating organic surface ligands prevent the development of collective electronic states in ordered nanocrystal assemblies. We reversibly self-assembled colloidal nanocrystals of gold, platinum, nickel, lead sulfide, and lead selenide with conductive inorganic ligands into supercrystals exhibiting optical and electronic properties consistent with strong electronic coupling between the constituent nanocrystals. The phase behavior of charge-stabilized nanocrystals can be rationalized and navigated with phase diagrams computed for particles interacting through short-range attractive potentials. By finely tuning interparticle interactions, the assembly was directed either through one-step nucleation or nonclassical two-step nucleation pathways. In the latter case, the nucleation was preceded by the formation of two metastable colloidal fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Coropceanu
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Eric M Janke
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Joshua Portner
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Danny Haubold
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Trung Dac Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Avishek Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - James K Utterback
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Samuel W Teitelbaum
- Department of Physics and Beus CXFEL Labs, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Margaret H Hudson
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nivedina A Sarma
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex M Hinkle
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Christopher J Tassone
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | | | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Chemical Sciences Division and Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry, and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Naomi S Ginsberg
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Kavli Energy NanoSciences Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Dmitri V Talapin
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute, and Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60517, USA
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17
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Galle T, Spittel D, Weiß N, Shamraienko V, Decker H, Georgi M, Hübner R, Metzkow N, Steinbach C, Schwarz D, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. Simultaneous Ligand and Cation Exchange of Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets toward PbSe Nanoplatelets for Application in Photodetectors. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:5214-5220. [PMID: 34043348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange emerged as a versatile tool to obtain a variety of nanocrystals not yet available via a direct synthesis. Reduced reaction times and moderate temperatures make the method compatible with anisotropic nanoplatelets (NPLs). However, the subtle thermodynamic and kinetic factors governing the exchange require careful control over the reaction parameters to prevent unwanted restructuring. Here, we capitalize on the research success of CdSe NPLs by transforming them into PbSe NPLs suitable for optoelectronic applications. In a two-phase mixture of hexane/N-methylformamide, the oleate-capped CdSe NPLs simultaneously undergo a ligand exchange to NH4I and a cation exchange reaction to PbSe. Their morphology and crystal structure are well-preserved as evidenced by electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction. We demonstrate the successful ligand exchange and associated electronic coupling of individual NPLs by fabricating a simple photodetector via spray-coating on a commercial substrate. Its optoelectronic characterization reveals a fast light response at low operational voltages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Galle
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Spittel
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nelli Weiß
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Helena Decker
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Nadia Metzkow
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christine Steinbach
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dana Schwarz
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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18
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Köwitsch N, Thoni L, Klemmed B, Benad A, Paciok P, Heggen M, Köwitsch I, Mehring M, Eychmüller A, Armbrüster M. Proving a Paradigm in Methanol Steam Reforming: Catalytically Highly Selective InxPdy/In2O3 Interfaces. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c04073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Köwitsch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Materials for Innovative Energy Concepts, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
| | - Lukas Thoni
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Benjamin Klemmed
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Albrecht Benad
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Paul Paciok
- Ernst Ruska-Centrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska-Centrum, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Isabel Köwitsch
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
| | - Michael Mehring
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, Dresden 01062, Germany
| | - Marc Armbrüster
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Materials for Innovative Energy Concepts, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz 09107, Germany
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19
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Bauer C, Veremchuk I, Kunze C, Benad A, Dzhagan VM, Haubold D, Pohl D, Schierning G, Nielsch K, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. Heterostructured Bismuth Telluride Selenide Nanosheets for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance. Small Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Bauer
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Igor Veremchuk
- Max Planck Institute of Chemical Physics of Solids Nöthnitzer Str. 40 01187 Dresden Germany
| | - Christof Kunze
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Albrecht Benad
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Volodymyr M. Dzhagan
- Semiconductor Physics Chemnitz University of Technology Reichenhainer Str. 70 09126 Chemnitz Germany
- Institute of Semiconductor Physics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Nauky av. 45 03028 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Danny Haubold
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Darius Pohl
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis TU Dresden Helmholtzstraße 18 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Gabi Schierning
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Kornelius Nielsch
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden Germany
- Institute of Applied Physics TU Dresden Nöthnitzer Str. 61 01187 Dresden Germany
- Institute of Materials Science TU Dresden Helmholtzstr. 7 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
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20
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Ye J, Weichelt R, Kemper U, Gupta V, König TAF, Eychmüller A, Seidel R. Casting of Gold Nanoparticles with High Aspect Ratios inside DNA Molds. Small 2020; 16:e2003662. [PMID: 32875721 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here this approach is extended to synthesize rod-like gold nanoparticles in a full DNA controlled manner. The approach is based on DNA molds containing elongated cavities. Gold is deposited inside the molds using a seeded-growth procedure. By carefully exploring the growth parameters it is shown that gold nanostructures with aspect ratios of up to 7 can be grown from single seeds. The highly anisotropic growth is in this case controlled only by the rather soft and porous DNA walls. The optimized seeded growth procedure provides a robust and simple routine to achieve continuous gold nanostructures using DNA templating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ye
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Richard Weichelt
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kemper
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Vaibhav Gupta
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Tobias A F König
- Institute for Physical Chemistry and Polymer Physics, Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden, e.V., Hohe Str. 6, Dresden, 01069, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Molecular Biophysics group, Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
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21
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Uhlemann M, Madian M, Leones R, Oswald S, Maletti S, Eychmüller A, Mikhailova D. In-Depth Study of Li 4Ti 5O 12 Performing beyond Conventional Operating Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:37227-37238. [PMID: 32687305 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are nowadays widely used in many energy storage devices, which have certain requirements on size, weight, and performance. State-of-the-art LIBs operate very reliably and with good performance under restricted and controlled conditions but lack in efficiency and safety when these conditions are exceeded. In this work, the influence of outranging conditions in terms of charging rate and operating temperature on electrochemical characteristics was studied on the example of lithium titanate (Li4Ti5O12, LTO) electrodes. Structural processes in the electrode, cycled with ultrafast charge and discharge, were evaluated by operando synchrotron powder diffraction and ex situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. On the basis of the Rietveld refinement, it was shown that the electrochemical storage mechanism is based on the Li-intercalation process at least up to current rates of 5C, meaning full battery charge within 12 min. For applications at temperatures between -30 and 60 °C, four carbonate-based electrolyte systems with different additives were tested for cycling performance in half-cells with LTO and metallic lithium as electrodes. It was shown that the addition of 30 wt % [PYR14][PF6] to the conventional LP30 electrolyte, usually used in LIBs, significantly decreases its melting point, which enables the successful low-temperature application at least down to -30 °C, in contrast to LP30, which freezes below -10 °C, making battery operation impossible. Moreover, at elevated temperatures up to 60 °C, batteries with the LP30/[PYR14][PF6] electrolyte exhibit stable long-term cycling behavior very close to LP30. Our findings provide a guideline for the application of LTO in LIBs beyond conventional conditions and show how to overcome limitations by designing appropriate electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Uhlemann
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Madian
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
- Physical Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rita Leones
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Steffen Oswald
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | - Sebastian Maletti
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
| | | | - Daria Mikhailova
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden e.V., Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden D-01069, Germany
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22
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Hiekel K, Jungblut S, Georgi M, Eychmüller A. Tailoring the Morphology and Fractal Dimension of 2D Mesh-like Gold Gels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12048-12054. [PMID: 32315501 PMCID: PMC7383771 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
As there is a great demand of 2D metal networks, especially out of gold for a plethora of applications we show a universal synthetic method via phase boundary gelation which allows the fabrication of networks displaying areas of up to 2 cm2. They are transferred to many different substrates: glass, glassy carbon, silicon, or polymers such as PDMS. In addition to the standardly used web thickness, the networks are parametrized by their fractal dimension. By variation of experimental conditions, we produced web thicknesses between 4.1 nm and 14.7 nm and fractal dimensions in the span of 1.56 to 1.76 which allows to tailor the structures to fit for various applications. Furthermore, the morphology can be tailored by stacking sheets of the networks. For each different metal network, we determined its optical transmission and sheet resistance. The obtained values of up to 97 % transparency and sheet resistances as low as 55.9 Ω/sq highlight the great potential of the obtained materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hiekel
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Swetlana Jungblut
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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23
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Hiekel K, Jungblut S, Georgi M, Eychmüller A. Tailoring the Morphology and Fractal Dimension of 2D Mesh‐like Gold Gels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Hiekel
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Swetlana Jungblut
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01062 Dresden Germany
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24
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Troschke E, Leistenschneider D, Rensch T, Grätz S, Maschita J, Ehrling S, Klemmed B, Lotsch BV, Eychmüller A, Borchardt L, Kaskel S. In Situ Generation of Electrolyte inside Pyridine-Based Covalent Triazine Frameworks for Direct Supercapacitor Integration. ChemSusChem 2020; 13:3192-3198. [PMID: 32243702 PMCID: PMC7317966 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of porous electrode materials is often linked with the generation of waste that results from extensive purification steps and low mass yield. In contrast to porous carbons, covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) display modular properties on a molecular basis through appropriate choice of the monomer. Herein, the synthesis of a new pyridine-based CTF material is showcased. The porosity and nitrogen-doping are tuned by a careful choice of the reaction temperature. An in-depth structural characterization by using Ar physisorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy was conducted to give a rational explanation of the material properties. Without any purification, the samples were applied as symmetrical supercapacitors and showed a specific capacitance of 141 F g-1 . Residual ZnCl2 , which acted formerly as the porogen, was used directly as the electrolyte salt. Upon the addition of water, ZnCl2 was dissolved to form the aqueous electrolyte in situ. Thereby, extensive and time-consuming washing steps could be circumvented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Troschke
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Desirée Leistenschneider
- Department of Chemical and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Alberta9211-116 Street NWT6G 1H9EdmontonAlbertaCanada
| | - Tilo Rensch
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Johannes Maschita
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstraße 170569StuttgartGermany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus D)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Sebastian Ehrling
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 6601069DresdenGermany
| | - Benjamin Klemmed
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 66b01062DresdenGermany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State ResearchHeisenbergstraße 170569StuttgartGermany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU)Butenandtstraße 5-13 (Haus D)81377MünchenGermany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 66b01062DresdenGermany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryRuhr-Universität BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic ChemistryTechnische Universität DresdenBergstraße 6601069DresdenGermany
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25
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Du R, Joswig J, Hübner R, Zhou L, Wei W, Hu Y, Eychmüller A. Rücktitelbild: Freeze–Thaw‐Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble‐Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis (Angew. Chem. 21/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202005699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jan‐Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
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26
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Du R, Joswig J, Hübner R, Zhou L, Wei W, Hu Y, Eychmüller A. Back Cover: Freeze–Thaw‐Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble‐Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 21/2020). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202005699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jan‐Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
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27
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Du R, Joswig JO, Hübner R, Zhou L, Wei W, Hu Y, Eychmüller A. Freeze-Thaw-Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble-Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:8293-8300. [PMID: 32187791 PMCID: PMC7317422 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Noble‐metal aerogels (NMAs) have drawn increasing attention because of their self‐supported conductive networks, high surface areas, and numerous optically/catalytically active sites, enabling their impressive performance in diverse fields. However, the fabrication methods suffer from tedious procedures, long preparation times, unavoidable impurities, and uncontrolled multiscale structures, discouraging their developments. By utilizing the self‐healing properties of noble‐metal aggregates, the freezing‐promoted salting‐out behavior, and the ice‐templating effect, a freeze–thaw method is crafted that is capable of preparing various hierarchically structured noble‐metal gels within one day without extra additives. In light of their cleanliness, the multi‐scale structures, and combined catalytic/optical properties, the electrocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic performance of NMAs are demonstrated, which surpasses that of commercial noble‐metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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28
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Du R, Joswig J, Hübner R, Zhou L, Wei W, Hu Y, Eychmüller A. Freeze–Thaw‐Promoted Fabrication of Clean and Hierarchically Structured Noble‐Metal Aerogels for Electrocatalysis and Photoelectrocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Jan‐Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und LebensmittelchemieTechnische Universität Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-RossendorfInstitute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Lin Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials EngineeringWenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical ChemistryTechnische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
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29
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Du R, Joswig JO, Fan X, Hübner R, Spittel D, Hu Y, Eychmüller A. Disturbance-Promoted Unconventional and Rapid Fabrication of Self-Healable Noble Metal Gels for (Photo-)Electrocatalysis. Matter 2020; 2:908-920. [PMID: 32270137 PMCID: PMC7115346 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As an emerging class of porous materials, noble metal aerogels (NMAs) have drawn tremendous attention and displayed unprecedented potential in diverse fields. However, the development of NMAs is impeded by the fabrication methods because of their time- and cost-consuming procedures, limited generality, and elusive understanding of the formation mechanisms. Here, by revealing the self-healing behavior of noble metal gels and applying it in the gelation process at a disturbing environment, an unconventional and conceptually new strategy, i.e., a disturbance-promoted gelation method, is developed by introducing an external force field. It overcomes the diffusion limitation in the gelation process, thus producing monolithic gels within 1-10 min at room temperature, 2-4 orders of magnitude faster than for most reported methods. Moreover, versatile NMAs are acquired by using this method, and their superior (photo-)electrocatalytic properties are demonstrated for the first time in light of combined catalytic and optic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Spittel
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstrasse 66b, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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30
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Du R, Wang J, Wang Y, Hübner R, Fan X, Senkovska I, Hu Y, Kaskel S, Eychmüller A. Unveiling reductant chemistry in fabricating noble metal aerogels for superior oxygen evolution and ethanol oxidation. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1590. [PMID: 32221287 PMCID: PMC7101436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15391-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Amongst various porous materials, noble metal aerogels attract wide attention due to their concurrently featured catalytic properties and large surface areas. However, insufficient understanding and investigation of key factors (e.g. reductants and ligands) in the fabrication process limits on-target design, impeding material diversity and available applications. Herein, unveiling multiple roles of reductants, we develop an efficient method, i.e. the excessive-reductant-directed gelation strategy. It enables to integrate ligand chemistry for creating gold aerogels with a record-high specific surface area (59.8 m2 g-1), and to expand the composition to all common noble metals. Moreover, we demonstrate impressive electrocatalytic performance of these aerogels for the ethanol oxidation and oxygen evolution reaction, and discover an unconventional organic-ligand-enhancing effect. The present work not only enriches the composition and structural diversity of noble metal aerogels, but also opens up new dimensions for devising efficient electrocatalysts for broad material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jinying Wang
- Network for Computational Nanotechnology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Irena Senkovska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Stefan Kaskel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany.
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31
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Meerbach C, Klemmed B, Spittel D, Bauer C, Park YJ, Hübner R, Jeong HY, Erb D, Shin HS, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. General Colloidal Synthesis of Transition-Metal Disulfide Nanomaterials as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:13148-13155. [PMID: 32100543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The material-efficient monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are a promising class of ultrathin nanomaterials with properties ranging from insulating through semiconducting to metallic, opening a wide variety of their potential applications from catalysis and energy storage to optoelectronics, spintronics, and valleytronics. In particular, TMDs have a great potential as emerging inexpensive alternatives to noble metal-based catalysts in electrochemical hydrogen evolution. Herein, we report a straightforward, low-cost, and general colloidal synthesis of various 2D transition-metal disulfide nanomaterials, such as MoS2, WS2, NiSx, FeSx, and VS2, in the absence of organic ligands. This new preparation route provides many benefits including relatively mild reaction conditions, high reproducibility, high yields, easy upscaling, no post-thermal annealing/treatment steps to enhance the catalytic activity, and, finally, especially for molybdenum disulfide nanosheets, high activity in the hydrogen evolution reaction. To underline the universal application of the synthesis, we prepared mixed CoxMo1-xS2 nanosheets in one step to optimize the catalytic activity of pure undoped MoS2, which resulted in an enhanced hydrogen evolution reaction performance characterized by onset potentials as low as 134 mV and small Tafel slopes of 55 mV/dec.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Klemmed
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniel Spittel
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Young Jin Park
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hu Young Jeong
- UNIST Central Research Facilities, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Denise Erb
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hyeon Suk Shin
- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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32
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Fan X, Zerebecki S, Du R, Hübner R, Marzum G, Jiang G, Hu Y, Barcikowki S, Reichenberger S, Eychmüller A. Promoting the Electrocatalytic Performance of Noble Metal Aerogels by Ligand‐Directed Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Swen Zerebecki
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research Bautzner Landstrasse 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Galina Marzum
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Guocan Jiang
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou 325000 China
| | - Stephan Barcikowki
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen University of Duisburg-Essen 47057 Duisburg Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry Technische Universität Dresden Bergstr. 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
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33
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Fan X, Zerebecki S, Du R, Hübner R, Marzum G, Jiang G, Hu Y, Barcikowki S, Reichenberger S, Eychmüller A. Promoting the Electrocatalytic Performance of Noble Metal Aerogels by Ligand-Directed Modulation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5706-5711. [PMID: 31990450 PMCID: PMC7154742 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Noble metal aerogels (NMAs) are an emerging class of porous materials. Embracing nano-sized highly-active noble metals and porous structures, they display unprecedented performance in diverse electrocatalytic processes. However, various impurities, particularly organic ligands, are often involved in the synthesis and remain in the corresponding products, hindering the investigation of the intrinsic electrocatalytic properties of NMAs. Here, starting from laser-generated inorganic-salt-stabilized metal nanoparticles, various impurity-free NMAs (Au, Pd, and Au-Pd aerogels) were fabricated. In this light, we demonstrate not only the intrinsic electrocatalytic properties of NMAs, but also the prominent roles played by ligands in tuning electrocatalysis through modulating the electron density of catalysts. These findings may offer a new dimension to engineer and optimize the electrocatalytic performance for various NMAs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Swen Zerebecki
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Galina Marzum
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Guocan Jiang
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Stephan Barcikowki
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Sven Reichenberger
- Technical Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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34
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Klemmed B, Besteiro LV, Benad A, Georgi M, Wang Z, Govorov A, Eychmüller A. Hybrid Plasmonic-Aerogel Materials as Optical Superheaters with Engineered Resonances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1696-1702. [PMID: 31638732 PMCID: PMC7003905 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201913022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation is a versatile source of energy, convertible to different forms of power. A direct path to exploit it is the generation of heat, for applications including passive building heating, but it can also drive secondary energy-conversion steps. We present a novel concept for a hybrid material which is both strongly photo-absorbing and with superior characteristics for the insulation of heat. The combination of that two properties is rather unique, and make this material an optical superheater. To realize such a material, we are combining plasmonic nanoheaters with alumina aerogel. The aerogel has the double function of providing structural support for plasmonic nanocrystals, which serve as nanoheaters, and reducing the diffusion rate of the heat generated by them, resulting in large local temperature increases under a relatively low radiation intensity. This work includes theoretical discussion on the physical mechanisms impacting the system's balanced thermal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klemmed
- Physikalische ChemieTU DresdenBergstrasse 66b01069DresdenGermany
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et TélécommunicationsInstitut National de la Recherche Scientifique1650 Boul. Lionel BouletVarennesQuebecJ3X 1S2Canada
| | - Albrecht Benad
- Physikalische ChemieTU DresdenBergstrasse 66b01069DresdenGermany
| | | | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
| | - Alexander Govorov
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier SciencesUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu610054China
- Department of Physics and AstronomyOhio UniversityAthensOH45701USA
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Thoni L, Klemmed B, Georgi M, Benad A, Klosz S, Eychmüller A. Continuous droplet reactor for the production of millimeter sized spherical aerogels. RSC Adv 2020; 10:2277-2282. [PMID: 35494579 PMCID: PMC9048761 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09631k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to enable future use of aerogels in heterogeneous solid or fluidized bed catalysis a method of production of millimeter sized monolithic Au/Al2O3 aerogel spheres by a continuous flow reactor is developed. Flow velocities and synthesis parameters are optimized to produce aerogel spheres in three different sizes. The resulting aerogel spheres exhibit a porous aluminium oxide aerogel matrix with a large specific surface area of 400 m2 g−1 on which gold nanoparticles are evenly distributed. The aerogel spheres are compared to xerogels of the same material in contrast to their surface area, pore size distribution, morphology, crystal structure and thermal properties. The presented method allows a broad access to various mixed aerogel systems of oxidic carrier material and noble metal nanoparticles and is therefore relevant for the shaping of different aerogel catalyst systems. In order to enable future use of aerogels in heterogeneous solid or fluidized bed catalysis a method of production of millimeter sized monolithic Au/Al2O3 aerogel spheres by a continuous flow reactor is developed.![]()
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Klemmed B, Besteiro LV, Benad A, Georgi M, Wang Z, Govorov A, Eychmüller A. Hybrid Plasmonic–Aerogel Materials as Optical Superheaters with Engineered Resonances. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201913022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Klemmed
- Physikalische Chemie TU Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Lucas V. Besteiro
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
- Centre Énergie Matériaux et Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet Varennes Quebec J3X 1S2 Canada
| | - Albrecht Benad
- Physikalische Chemie TU Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Maximilian Georgi
- Physikalische Chemie TU Dresden Bergstrasse 66b 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
| | - Alexander Govorov
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 610054 China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
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37
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Sonntag L, Shamraienko V, Fan X, Samadi Khoshkhoo M, Kneppe D, Koitzsch A, Gemming T, Hiekel K, Leo K, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. Colloidal PbS nanoplatelets synthesized via cation exchange for electronic applications. Nanoscale 2019; 11:19370-19379. [PMID: 31173035 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr02437a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we present a new synthetic approach to colloidal PbS nanoplatelets (NPLs) utilizing a cation exchange (CE) strategy starting from CuS NPLs synthesized via the hot-injection method. Whereas the thickness of the resulting CuS NPLs was fixed at approx. 5 nm, the lateral size could be tuned by varying the reaction conditions, such as time from 6 to 16 h, the reaction temperature (120 °C, 140 °C), and the amount of copper precursor. In a second step, Cu+ cations were replaced with Pb2+ ions within the crystal lattice via CE. While the shape and the size of parental CuS platelets were preserved, the crystal structure was rearranged from hexagonal covellite to PbS galena, accompanied by the fragmentation of the monocrystalline phase into polycrystalline one. Afterwards a halide mediated ligand exchange (LE) was carried out in order to remove insulating oleic acid residues from the PbS NPL surface and to form stable dispersions in polar organic solvents enabling thin-film fabrication. Both CE and LE processes were monitored by several characterization techniques. Furthermore, we measured the electrical conductivity of the resulting PbS NPL-based films before and after LE and compared the processing in ambient to inert atmosphere. Finally, we fabricated field-effect transistors with an on/off ratio of up to 60 and linear charge carrier mobility for holes of 0.02 cm2 V-1 s-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
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38
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Stroyuk O, Raevskaya A, Spranger F, Selyshchev O, Dzhagan V, Solonenko D, Gaponik N, Zahn DRT, Eychmüller A. Mercury-indium-sulfide nanocrystals: A new member of the family of ternary in based chalcogenides. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:144701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5119991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen Nürnberg für Erneuerbare Energien (HI ERN), Immerwahrstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | - Alexandra Raevskaya
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
| | | | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv 03028, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Solonenko
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Dietrich R. T. Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107 Chemnitz, Germany
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39
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Jiang G, Guhrenz C, Kirch A, Sonntag L, Bauer C, Fan X, Wang J, Reineke S, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A. Highly Luminescent and Water-Resistant CsPbBr 3-CsPb 2Br 5 Perovskite Nanocrystals Coordinated with Partially Hydrolyzed Poly(methyl methacrylate) and Polyethylenimine. ACS Nano 2019; 13:10386-10396. [PMID: 31430122 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
All inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) typically suffer from poor stability against moisture and UV radiation as well as degradation during thermal treatment. The stability of PNCs can be significantly enhanced through polymer encapsulation, often accompanied by a decrease of photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) due to the loss of highly dynamic oleylamine/oleic acid (OLA/OA) ligands. Herein, we propose a solution for this problem by utilizing partially hydrolyzed poly(methyl methacrylate) (h-PMMA) and highly branched poly(ethylenimine) (b-PEI) as double ligands stabilizing the PNCs already during the mechanochemical synthesis (grinding). The hydrophobic polymer of h-PMMA imparts excellent film-forming properties and water stability to the resulting NC-polymer composite. In its own turn, the b-PEI forms an amino-rich, strongly binding ligand layer on the surface of the PNCs being responsible for the significant improvement of the PLQY and the stability of the resulting material. Moreover, the introduction of b-PEI promotes a partial phase conversion from CsPbBr3 to CsPb2Br5 to obtain CsPbBr3/CsPb2Br5 nanocrystals with a core-shell-like structure. As-prepared PNCs solutions are directly processable as inks, while their PLQY drops only slightly from 75% in colloidal solution to 65% in films. Moreover, the final PNC-polymer film exhibits excellent stability against water, heat, and ultraviolet light irradiation. These superior properties allowed us to fabricate a proof of concept thin film OLED with h-PMMA/b-PEI-stabilized PNCs as an easily processable, narrowly emitting color conversion composite material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guocan Jiang
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Chris Guhrenz
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Anton Kirch
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , D-01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials , Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua , 321004 Zhejiang , China
| | - Sebastian Reineke
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP) and Institute for Applied Physics , Technische Universität Dresden , Nöthnitzer Straße 61 , D-01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , Bergstraße 66b , D-01062 Dresden , Germany
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Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a prominent role in renewable energy conversion and storage, enabling a number of sustainable processes for future technologies. There are generally three strategies to improve the efficiency (or activity) of the electrocatalysts: i) increasing the intrinsic activity of the catalyst itself, ii) improving the exposure of active sites, and iii) accelerating mass transfer during catalysis (both reactants and products). These strategies are not mutually exclusive and can ideally be addressed simultaneously, leading to the largest improvements in activity. Aerogels, as featured by large surface area, high porosity, and self-supportability, provide a platform that matches all the aforementioned criteria for the design of efficient electrocatalysts. The field of aerogel synthesis has seen much progress in recent years, mainly thanks to the rapid development of nanotechnology. Employing precursors with different properties enables the resulting aerogel with targeted catalytic properties and improved performances. Here, the design strategies of aerogel catalysts are demonstrated, and their performance for several electrochemical reactions is reviewed. The common principles that govern electrocatalysis are further discussed for each category of reactions, thus serving as a guide to the development of future aerogel electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physikalische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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41
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Fan X, Kneppe D, Sayevich V, Kleemann H, Tahn A, Leo K, Lesnyak V, Eychmüller A. High-Performance Ultra-Short Channel Field-Effect Transistor Using Solution-Processable Colloidal Nanocrystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4025-4031. [PMID: 31259561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate high-mobility solution-processed inorganic field-effect transistors (FETs) with ultra-short channel (USC) length using semiconductor CdSe nanocrystals (NCs). Capping of the NCs with hybrid inorganic-organic CdCl3--butylamine ligands enables coarsening of the NCs during annealing at a moderate temperature, resulting in the devices having good transport characteristics with electron mobilities in the saturation regime reaching 8 cm2 V-1 s-1. Solution-based processing of the NCs and fabrication of thin films involve neither harsh conditions nor the use of hydrazine. Employing photolithographic methods, we fabricated FETs with a vertical overlap of source and drain electrodes to achieve a submicrometer channel length. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on an USC FET based on colloidal semiconductor NCs. Because of a short channel length, the FETs show a normalized transconductance of 4.2 m V-1 s-1 with a high on/off ratio of 105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry , TU Dresden , Bergstrasse 66b , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - David Kneppe
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials , TU Dresden , Nöthnitzer Strasse 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Vladimir Sayevich
- Physical Chemistry , TU Dresden , Bergstrasse 66b , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Hans Kleemann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials , TU Dresden , Nöthnitzer Strasse 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Alexander Tahn
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis , TU Dresden , Helmholtzstrasse 18 , 01069 Dresden , Germany
| | - Karl Leo
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Photophysics and Photonic Materials , TU Dresden , Nöthnitzer Strasse 61 , 01187 Dresden , Germany
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry , TU Dresden , Bergstrasse 66b , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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Weichelt R, Ye J, Banin U, Eychmüller A, Seidel R. DNA-Mediated Self-Assembly and Metallization of Semiconductor Nanorods for the Fabrication of Nanoelectronic Interfaces. Chemistry 2019; 25:9012-9016. [PMID: 31081977 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA nanostructures provide a powerful platform for the programmable assembly of nanomaterials. Here, this approach is extended to semiconductor nanorods that possess interesting electrical properties and could be utilized for the bottom-up fabrication of nanoelectronic building blocks. The assembly scheme is based on an efficient DNA functionalization of the nanorods. A complete coverage of the rod surface with DNA ensures a high colloidal stability while maintaining the rod size and shape. It furthermore supports the assembly of the nanorods at defined docking positions of a DNA origami platform with binding efficiencies of up to 90 % as well as the formation of nanorod dimers with defined relative orientations. By incorporating orthogonal binding sites for gold nanoparticles, defined metal-semiconductor heterostructures can be fabricated. Subsequent application of a seeded growth procedure onto the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) allows for to establish a direct metal-semiconductor interface as a crucial basis for the integration of semiconductors in self-assembled nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weichelt
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jingjing Ye
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uri Banin
- Institute of Chemistry and Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), TU Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ralf Seidel
- Peter Debye Institute for Soft Matter Physics, Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Universität Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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43
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Du R, Hu Y, Hübner R, Joswig JO, Fan X, Schneider K, Eychmüller A. Specific ion effects directed noble metal aerogels: Versatile manipulation for electrocatalysis and beyond. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaaw4590. [PMID: 31139750 PMCID: PMC6534393 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Noble metal foams (NMFs) are a new class of functional materials featuring properties of both noble metals and monolithic porous materials, providing impressive prospects in diverse fields. Among reported synthetic methods, the sol-gel approach manifests overwhelming advantages for versatile synthesis of nanostructured NMFs (i.e., noble metal aerogels) under mild conditions. However, limited gelation methods and elusive formation mechanisms retard structure/composition manipulation, hampering on-demand design for practical applications. Here, highly tunable NMFs are fabricated by activating specific ion effects, enabling various single/alloy aerogels with adjustable composition (Au, Ag, Pd, and Pt), ligament sizes (3.1 to 142.0 nm), and special morphologies. Their superior performance in programmable self-propulsion devices and electrocatalytic alcohol oxidation is also demonstrated. This study provides a conceptually new approach to fabricate and manipulate NMFs and an overall framework for understanding the gelation mechanism, paving the way for on-target design of NMFs and investigating structure-performance relationships for versatile applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Du
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Corresponding author. (A.E.); (Y.H.)
| | - René Hübner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie, Fakultät für Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Xuelin Fan
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristian Schneider
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstr. 66b, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Corresponding author. (A.E.); (Y.H.)
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45
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Bastos-Arrieta J, Bauer C, Eychmüller A, Simmchen J. Galvanic replacement induced electromotive force to propel Janus micromotors. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144902. [PMID: 30981224 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemistry is a highly versatile part of chemical research which is involved in many of the processes in the field of micromotion. Its input has been crucial from the synthesis of microstructures to the explanation of phoretic mechanisms. However, using electrochemical effects to propel artificial micromotors is still to be achieved. Here, we show that the forces generated by electrochemical reactions can not only create active motion, but they are also strong enough to overcome the adhesion to the substrate, caused by the increased ionic strength of the solutions containing the ions of more noble metals themselves. The galvanic replacement of copper by platinum ions is a spontaneous process, which not only provides a sufficiently strong electromotive force to propel the Janus structures but also results in asymmetric Pt-hatted structures, which can be further used as catalytic micromotors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christoph Bauer
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Simmchen
- Physical Chemistry TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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46
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Jungblut S, Joswig JO, Eychmüller A. Diffusion- and reaction-limited cluster aggregation revisited. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5723-5729. [PMID: 30801102 PMCID: PMC6484677 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We simulated irreversible aggregation of non-interacting particles and of particles interacting via repulsive and attractive potentials explicitly implementing the rotational diffusion of aggregating clusters. Our study confirms that the attraction between particles influences neither the aggregation mechanism nor the structure of the aggregates, which are identical to those of non-interacting particles. In contrast, repulsive particles form more compact aggregates and their fractal dimension and aggregation times increase with the decrease of the temperature. A comparison of the fractal dimensions obtained for non-rotating clusters of non-interacting particles and for rotating clusters of repulsive particles provides an explanation for the conformity of the respective values obtained earlier in the well established model of diffusion-limited cluster aggregation neglecting rotational diffusion and in experiments on colloidal particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetlana Jungblut
- Physikalische Chemie
, TU Dresden
,
Bergstraße 66b
, 01069 Dresden
, Germany
.
| | - Jan-Ole Joswig
- Theoretische Chemie
, TU Dresden
,
Bergstraße 66c
, 01069 Dresden
, Germany
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47
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Sonntag L, Eichler F, Weiß N, Bormann L, Ghosh DS, Sonntag JM, Jordan R, Gaponik N, Leo K, Eychmüller A. Influence of the average molar mass of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) on the dimensions and conductivity of silver nanowires. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:9036-9043. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp00680j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Improving the performance of Ag nanowire electrodes by adjusting the reaction conditions and the molar mass of PVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Sonntag
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Franziska Eichler
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Nelli Weiß
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Ludwig Bormann
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Dhriti S. Ghosh
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Jannick M. Sonntag
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Rainer Jordan
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01069 Dresden
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
| | - Karl Leo
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01187 Dresden
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
- Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden
- 01062 Dresden
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48
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Stroyuk O, Raevskaya A, Selyshchev O, Dzhagan V, Gaponik N, Zahn DRT, Eychmüller A. "Green" Aqueous Synthesis and Advanced Spectral Characterization of Size-Selected Cu 2ZnSnS 4 Nanocrystal Inks. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13677. [PMID: 30209288 PMCID: PMC6135749 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure, composition, and optical properties of colloidal mercaptoacetate-stabilized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystal inks produced by a "green" method directly in aqueous solutions were characterized. A size-selective precipitation procedure using 2-propanol as a non-solvent allows separating a series of fractions of CZTS nanocrystals with an average size (bandgap) varying from 3 nm (1.72 eV) to 2 nm (2.04 eV). The size-selected CZTS nanocrystals revealed also phonon confinement, with the main phonon mode frequency varying by about 4 cm-1 between 2 nm and 3 nm NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Stroyuk
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine.
| | - Alexandra Raevskaya
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- L.V. Pysarzhevsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Selyshchev
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Volodymyr Dzhagan
- V. E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductors Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03028, Ukraine
| | | | - Dietrich R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Chemnitz University of Technology, 09107, Chemnitz, Germany
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Chattot R, Le Bacq O, Beermann V, Kühl S, Herranz J, Henning S, Kühn L, Asset T, Guétaz L, Renou G, Drnec J, Bordet P, Pasturel A, Eychmüller A, Schmidt TJ, Strasser P, Dubau L, Maillard F. Surface distortion as a unifying concept and descriptor in oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis. Nat Mater 2018; 17:827-833. [PMID: 30013055 PMCID: PMC6109589 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-018-0133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the surface structure at the atomic level is of primary importance to simultaneously meet the electrocatalytic performance and stability criteria required for the development of low-temperature proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, transposing the knowledge acquired on extended, model surfaces to practical nanomaterials remains highly challenging. Here, we propose 'surface distortion' as a novel structural descriptor, which is able to reconciliate and unify seemingly opposing notions and contradictory experimental observations in regards to the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) reactivity. Beyond its unifying character, we show that surface distortion is pivotal to rationalize the electrocatalytic properties of state-of-the-art of PtNi/C nanocatalysts with distinct atomic composition, size, shape and degree of surface defectiveness under a simulated PEMFC cathode environment. Our study brings fundamental and practical insights into the role of surface defects in electrocatalysis and highlights strategies to design more durable ORR nanocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Chattot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, ID 31 Beamline, Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Le Bacq
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, Grenoble, France
| | - Vera Beermann
- Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kühl
- Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Henning
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Laura Kühn
- Physical Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Tristan Asset
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Laure Guétaz
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, Liten, Grenoble, France
| | - Gilles Renou
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, Grenoble, France
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, ID 31 Beamline, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Alain Pasturel
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, SIMAP, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Strasser
- Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laetitia Dubau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, Grenoble, France
| | - Frédéric Maillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, LEPMI, Grenoble, France.
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50
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Cai B, Sayevich V, Gaponik N, Eychmüller A. Emerging Hierarchical Aerogels: Self-Assembly of Metal and Semiconductor Nanocrystals. Adv Mater 2018; 30:e1707518. [PMID: 29921028 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201707518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aerogels assembled from colloidal metal or semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) feature large surface area, ultralow density, and high porosity, thus rendering them attractive in various applications, such as catalysis, sensors, energy storage, and electronic devices. Morphological and structural modification of the aerogel backbones while maintaining the aerogel properties enables a second stage of the aerogel research, which is defined as hierarchical aerogels. Different from the conventional aerogels with nanowire-like backbones, those hierarchical aerogels are generally comprised of at least two levels of architectures, i.e., an interconnected porous structure on the macroscale and a specially designed configuration at local backbones at the nanoscale. This combination "locks in" the inherent properties of the NCs, so that the beneficial genes obtained by nanoengineering are retained in the resulting monolithic hierarchical aerogels. Herein, groundbreaking advances in the design, synthesis, and physicochemical properties of the hierarchical aerogels are reviewed and organized in three sections: i) pure metallic hierarchical aerogels, ii) semiconductor hierarchical aerogels, and iii) metal/semiconductor hybrid hierarchical aerogels. This report aims to define and demonstrate the concept, potential, and challenges of the hierarchical aerogels, thereby providing a perspective on the further development of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cai
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir Sayevich
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfAED), Technische Universität Dresden, Bergstraße 66b, 01062, Dresden, Germany
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