1
|
Xue H, Chen Z, Tao S, Brocks G. Defects in Halide Perovskites: Does It Help to Switch from 3D to 2D? ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:2343-2350. [PMID: 38751970 PMCID: PMC11091873 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) organic-inorganic hybrid iodide perovskites have been put forward in recent years as stable alternatives to their three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that equilibrium concentrations of point defects in the 2D perovskites PEA2PbI4, BA2PbI4, and PEA2SnI4 (PEA, phenethylammonium; BA, butylammonium) are much lower than in comparable 3D perovskites. Bonding disruptions by defects are more destructive in 2D than in 3D networks, making defect formation energetically more costly. The stability of 2D Sn iodide perovskites can be further enhanced by alloying with Pb. Should, however, point defects emerge in sizable concentrations as a result of nonequilibrium growth conditions, for instance, then those defects likely hamper the optoelectronic performance of the 2D perovskites, as they introduce deep traps. We suggest that trap levels are responsible for the broad sub-bandgap emission in 2D perovskites observed in experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Xue
- Materials
Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Zehua Chen
- Materials
Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Shuxia Tao
- Materials
Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Geert Brocks
- Materials
Simulation & Modelling, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Center
for Computational Energy Research, Department of Applied Physics, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Computational
Chemical Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology and MESA+ Institute
for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Forde A, Tretiak S, Neukirch AJ. Dielectric Screening and Charge-Transfer in 2D Lead-Halide Perovskites for Reduced Exciton Binding Energies. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:11586-11592. [PMID: 38065566 PMCID: PMC10755747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Layered lead-halide perovskites have shown tremendous success as an active material for optoelectronics. This is attributed to the electronic structure of the inorganic sublattice and large exciton binding energies due to quantum and dielectric confinement. Expanding functionalities for applications that depend on free-carrier generation requires new material design routes to decrease the binding energy. Here we use electronic structure methods with model Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) to examine the contributions of the dielectric screening and charge-transfer excited-states to the exciton binding energy of phenylethylammonium (PEA2PbBr4) and naphthlethylammonium (NEA2PbBr4) lead-bromide perovskites. Our model BSE calculations show that NEA introduces hole acceptor states which impose charge-transfer character on the exciton along with larger dielectric screening. This substantially decreases the exciton binding compared to PEA. This result suggests the use of organic cations with high dielectric screening and hole acceptor states as a viable strategy for reducing exciton binding energies in two-dimensional halide perovskites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Forde
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center
for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National
Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Center
for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos
National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| | - Amanda J. Neukirch
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kistanov AA, Shcherbinin SA, Korznikova EA, Prezhdo OV. Prediction and Characterization of Two-Dimensional Zn 2VN 3. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1148-1155. [PMID: 36705575 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional (2D) monolayer of a novel ternary nitride Zn2VN3 is computationally designed, and its dynamical and thermal stability is demonstrated. A synthesis strategy is proposed based on experimental works on production of ternary nitride thin films, calculations of formation and exfoliation energies, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. A comprehensive characterization of 2D Zn2VN3, including investigation of its optoelectronic and mechanical properties, is conducted. It is shown that 2D Zn2VN3 is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 2.75 eV and a high work function of 5.27 eV. Its light absorption covers visible and ultraviolet regions. The band gap of 2D Zn2VN3 is found to be well tunable by applied strain. At the same time 2D Zn2VN3 possesses high stability against mechanical loads, point defects, and environmental impacts. Considering the unique properties found for 2D Zn2VN3, it can be used for application in optoelectronic and straintronic nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Kistanov
- The Laboratory of Metals and Alloys Under Extreme Impacts, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076Ufa, Russia
| | - Stepan A Shcherbinin
- Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnical University, 195251Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute for Problems in Mechanical Engineering RAS, 199178Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena A Korznikova
- The Laboratory of Metals and Alloys Under Extreme Impacts, Ufa University of Science and Technology, 450076Ufa, Russia
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stanton R, Trivedi DJ. Atomistic Description of the Impact of Spacer Selection on Two-Dimensional (2D) Perovskites: A Case Study of 2D Ruddlesden-Popper CsPbI 3 Analogues. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:12090-12098. [PMID: 36546657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic CsPbI3 perovskites have become desirable for use in photovoltaic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and increased resilience to thermal degradation compared to organic-inorganic perovskites. An effective strategy for improving both the performance and the phase stability of CsPbI3-based perovskites is through introducing a diverse set of spacing cations separating inorganic layers in their two-dimensional (2D) analogues. In this work, CsPbI3-based 2D Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites were investigated using three aromatic spacers, 2-thiophenemethylamine (ThMA), 2-thiopheneformamidine (ThFA), and benzylammonium, fluorinated through para substitution (pFBA). Our findings highlight the importance of the local bonding environment between organic spacers and the PbI6 octahedra. Additionally, we demonstrated the importance of energetic alignment between electronic states on spacing cations and inorganic layers for optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, thermoelectric performance was investigated revealing a preference for p-type ThFA and n-type ThMA and pFBA configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stanton
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| | - Dhara J Trivedi
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States
| |
Collapse
|