1
|
Sigurdarson AE, Schmerwitz YLA, Tveiten DKV, Levi G, Jónsson H. Orbital-optimized density functional calculations of molecular Rydberg excited states with real space grid representation and self-interaction correction. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:214109. [PMID: 38047508 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional calculations of Rydberg excited states up to high energy are carried out for several molecules using an approach where the orbitals are variationally optimized by converging on saddle points on the electronic energy surface within a real space grid representation. Remarkably good agreement with experimental estimates of the excitation energy is obtained using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional of Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE) when Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction is applied in combination with complex-valued orbitals. Even without the correction, the PBE functional gives quite good results despite the fact that corresponding Rydberg virtual orbitals have positive energy in the ground state calculation. Results obtained using the Tao, Perdew, Staroverov, and Scuseria (TPSS) and r2SCAN meta-GGA functionals are also presented, but they do not provide a systematic improvement over the results from the uncorrected PBE functional. The grid representation combined with the projector augmented-wave approach gives a simpler and better representation of diffuse Rydberg orbitals than a linear combination of atomic orbitals with commonly used basis sets, the latter leading to an overestimation of the excitation energy due to confinement of the excited states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec E Sigurdarson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Yorick L A Schmerwitz
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Dagrún K V Tveiten
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pederson MR, Withanage KPK, Hooshmand Z, Johnson AI, Baruah T, Yamamoto Y, Zope RR, Kao DY, Shukla PB, Johnson JK, Peralta JE, Jackson KA. Use of FLOSIC for understanding anion-solvent interactions. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154112. [PMID: 37861122 DOI: 10.1063/5.0172300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
An Achille's heel of lower-rung density-functional approximations is that the highest-occupied-molecular-orbital energy levels of anions, known to be stable or metastable in nature, are often found to be positive in the worst case or above the lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital levels on neighboring complexes that are not expected to accept charge. A trianionic example, [Cr(C2O4)3]3-, is of interest for constraining models linking Cr isotope ratios in rock samples to oxygen levels in Earth's atmosphere over geological timescales. Here we describe how crowd sourcing can be used to carry out self-consistent Fermi-Löwdin-Orbital-Self-Interaction corrected calculations (FLOSIC) on this trianion in solution. The calculations give a physically correct description of the electronic structure of the trianion and water. In contrast, uncorrected local density approximation (LDA) calculations result in approximately half of the anion charge being transferred to the water bath due to the effects of self-interaction error. Use of group-theory and the intrinsic sparsity of the theory enables calculations roughly 125 times faster than our initial implementation in the large N limit reached here. By integrating charge density densities and Coulomb potentials over regions of space and analyzing core-level shifts of the Cr and O atoms as a function of position and functional, we unambiguously show that FLOSIC, relative to LDA, reverses incorrect solute-solvent charge transfer in the trianion-water complex. In comparison to other functionals investigated herein, including Hartree-Fock and the local density approximation, the FLOSIC Cr 1s eigenvalues provide the best agreement with experimental core ionization energies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Pederson
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | | | - Zahra Hooshmand
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Alex I Johnson
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Yoh Yamamoto
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Rajendra R Zope
- Physics Department, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Der-You Kao
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - Priyanka B Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - J Karl Johnson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Juan E Peralta
- Physics Department, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Koblar A Jackson
- Physics Department, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang YR, Yuan DF, Wang LS. Probing Dipole-Bound States Using Photodetachment Spectroscopy and Resonant Photoelectron Imaging of Cryogenically Cooled Anions. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7368-7381. [PMID: 37565830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular anions with polar neutral cores can support highly diffuse dipole-bound states below their detachment thresholds due to the long-range charge-dipole interaction. Such nonvalence states constitute a special class of excited electronic states for anions and were observed in early photodetachment experiments to measure the electron affinities of organic radicals. Recent experimental advances, in particular, the ability to create cold anions using a cryogenically cooled Paul trap, have allowed the investigation of dipole-bound excited states at a new level. For the first time, the zero-point level of dipole-bound excited states can be observed via resonant two-photon detachment, and resonant photoelectron spectroscopy can be performed via the above-threshold vibrational levels (Feshbach resonances) of the dipole-bound states. This Perspective describes recent progress in the investigation of dipole-bound states in the authors' lab using an electrospray photoelectron spectroscopy apparatus equipped with a cryogenically cooled Paul trap and high-resolution photoelectron imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Rou Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Dao-Fu Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Weakly bound non-valence anions are molecular systems where the excess electron stabilizes in a very diffuse orbital whose size, shape, and binding energy (∼1-100 meV) are governed by the long-range electrostatic potential of the molecule. Its binding energy comes mainly from charge-dipole or charge-multipole interactions or dispersion forces. While highly correlated methods, like coupled cluster methods, are considered to be the state of the art for describing anionic systems, especially when the electron lies in a very diffuse orbital, we consider here the possibility to use DFT-based calculations. In such molecular anions, the outer electron experiences long-range exchange and correlation interactions. We show that DFT can describe long-range bound states provided that a correct asymptotic exchange and correlation potential is used, namely, that from a range-separated hybrid functional. This opens an alternative to the computationally demanding highly correlated method calculations. It is also suggested that the study of weakly bound anions could help in the construction of new DFT potentials to study systems where nonlocal effects are significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Thiam
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck Rabilloud
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Waters MDJ, Ng ZX, Monahan NR, Wörner HJ. Ultrafast Imaging of the Jahn-Teller Topography in Carbon Tetrachloride. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7659-7666. [PMID: 36952597 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the direct time-domain observation of ultrafast dynamics driven by the Jahn-Teller effect. Using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with a vacuum-ultraviolet femtosecond source to prepare high-lying Rydberg states of carbon tetrachloride, our measurements reveal the local topography of a Jahn-Teller conical intersection. The pump pulse prepares a configurationally mixed superposition of the degenerate 1T2 4p-Rydberg states, which then distorts through spontaneous symmetry breaking that we identify to follow the t2 bending motion. Photoionization of these states to three cationic states 2T1, 2T2, and 2E reveals a shift in the center-of-mass of the photoelectron peaks associated with the 2Tn states which reveals the local topography of the Jahn-Teller conical intersection region prepared by the pump pulse. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations confirm that the dominant nuclear motion observed in the spectrum is the CCl4 t2 bending mode. The large density of states in the VUV spectral region at 9.33 eV of carbon tetrachloride and strong vibronic coupling result in ultrafast decay of the excited-state signal with a time constant of 75(4) fs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max D J Waters
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Zi Xuan Ng
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas R Monahan
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Levi G, Ivanov AV, Jónsson H. Variational Density Functional Calculations of Excited States via Direct Optimization. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6968-6982. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Aleksei V. Ivanov
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Saint Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schwalbe S, Fiedler L, Kraus J, Kortus J, Trepte K, Lehtola S. PyFLOSIC: Python-based Fermi–Löwdin orbital self-interaction correction. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwalbe
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Lenz Fiedler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Kraus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Kai Trepte
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sidorkin VF, Belogolova EF, Doronina EP, Liu G, Ciborowski SM, Bowen KH. “Outlaw” Dipole-Bound Anions of Intra-Molecular Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2001-2011. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valery F. Sidorkin
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Elena F. Belogolova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeniya P. Doronina
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Favorsky, 1, Irkutsk 664033, Russian Federation
| | - Gaoxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Sandra M. Ciborowski
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Levi G, Ivanov AV, Jónsson H. Variational calculations of excited states via direct optimization of the orbitals in DFT. Faraday Discuss 2020; 224:448-466. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00064g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A direct optimization method for obtaining excited electronic states using density functionals is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Levi
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
| | - Aleksei V. Ivanov
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
- Saint Petersburg State University
- 199034 Saint Petersburg
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences
- University of Iceland
- Iceland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Batool J, Hahn T, Pederson MR. Magnetic Signatures of Hydroxyl‐ and Water‐Terminated Neutral and Tetra‐Anionic Mn
12
‐Acetate. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:2301-2308. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Batool
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University, Madina Town Faisalbad Pakistan
| | - Torsten Hahn
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Freiberg Technical University Freiberg Germany
| | - Mark R. Pederson
- Department of Chemistry Johns Hopkins University, TU Bergakademie Freiberg 21218 MD Baltimore
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ali ZA, Aquino FW, Wong BM. The diamine cation is not a chemical example where density functional theory fails. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4733. [PMID: 30413712 PMCID: PMC6226436 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zulfikhar A Ali
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Fredy W Aquino
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Bryan M Wong
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA. .,Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering and Materials Science & Engineering Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lehtola S, Parkhill J, Head-Gordon M. Orbital optimisation in the perfect pairing hierarchy: applications to full-valence calculations on linear polyacenes. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1342009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lehtola S, Jónsson EÖ, Jónsson H. Effect of Complex-Valued Optimal Orbitals on Atomization Energies with the Perdew–Zunger Self-Interaction Correction to Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4296-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elvar Ö. Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| |
Collapse
|