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Schattenberg C, Wodyński A, Åström H, Sundholm D, Kaupp M, Lehtola S. Revisiting Gauge-Independent Kinetic Energy Densities in Meta-GGAs and Local Hybrid Calculations of Magnetizabilities. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10896-10907. [PMID: 38100678 PMCID: PMC10758120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c06244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In a recent study [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 1457-1468], some of us examined the accuracy of magnetizabilities calculated with density functionals representing the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA), meta-GGA (mGGA), as well as global hybrid (GH) and range-separated (RS) hybrid functionals by assessment against accurate reference values obtained with coupled-cluster theory with singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)]. Our study was later extended to local hybrid (LH) functionals by Holzer et al. [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 2928-2947]; in this work, we examine a larger selection of LH functionals, also including range-separated LH (RSLH) functionals and strong-correlation LH (scLH) functionals. Holzer et al. also studied the importance of the physically correct handling of the magnetic gauge dependence of the kinetic energy density (τ) in mGGA calculations by comparing the Maximoff-Scuseria formulation of τ used in our aforementioned study to the more physical current-density extension derived by Dobson. In this work, we also revisit this comparison with a larger selection of mGGA functionals. We find that the newly tested LH, RSLH, and scLH functionals outperform all of the functionals considered in the previous studies. The various LH functionals afford the seven lowest mean absolute errors while also showing remarkably small standard deviations and mean errors. Most strikingly, the best two functionals are scLHs that also perform remarkably well in cases with significant multiconfigurational character, such as the ozone molecule, which is traditionally excluded from statistical error evaluations due to its large errors with common density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caspar
J. Schattenberg
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artur Wodyński
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hugo Åström
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Martin Kaupp
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/Quantenchemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C7, Straße des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtanens plats 1), University of Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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2
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Åström H, Lehtola S. Insight on Gaussian Basis Set Truncation Errors in Weak to Intermediate Magnetic Fields with an Approximate Hamiltonian. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:10872-10888. [PMID: 38103024 PMCID: PMC10758122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Strong magnetic fields such as those found on white dwarfs have significant effects on the electronic structures of atoms and molecules. However, the vast majority of molecular studies in the literature in such fields are carried out with Gaussian basis sets designed for zero field, leading to large basis set truncation errors [Lehtola et al., Mol. Phys. 2020, 118, e1597989]. In this work, we aim to identify the failures of the Gaussian basis sets in atomic calculations to guide the design of new basis sets for strong magnetic fields. We achieve this by performing fully numerical electronic structure calculations at the complete basis set (CBS) limit for the ground state and low lying excited states of the atoms 1 ≤ Z ≤ 18 in weak to intermediate magnetic fields. We also carry out finite-field calculations for a variety of Gaussian basis sets, introducing a real-orbital approximation for the magnetic-field Hamiltonian. Our primary focus is on the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, which has been used in many works in the literature. A study of the differences in total energies of the fully numerical CBS limit calculations and the approximate Gaussian basis calculations is carried out to provide insight into basis set truncation errors. Examining a variety of states over the range of magnetic field strengths from B = 0 to B = 0.6B0, we observe significant differences for the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, while much smaller errors are afforded by the benchmark-quality AHGBSP3-9 basis set [Lehtola, J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 152, 134108]. This suggests that there is considerable room to improve Gaussian basis sets for calculations at finite magnetic fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Åström
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtanens plats 1), Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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3
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Lehtola S. A call to arms: Making the case for more reusable libraries. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:180901. [PMID: 37947507 DOI: 10.1063/5.0175165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The traditional foundation of science lies on the cornerstones of theory and experiment. Theory is used to explain experiment, which in turn guides the development of theory. Since the advent of computers and the development of computational algorithms, computation has risen as the third cornerstone of science, joining theory and experiment on an equal footing. Computation has become an essential part of modern science, amending experiment by enabling accurate comparison of complicated theories to sophisticated experiments, as well as guiding by triage both the design and targets of experiments and the development of novel theories and computational methods. Like experiment, computation relies on continued investment in infrastructure: it requires both hardware (the physical computer on which the calculation is run) as well as software (the source code of the programs that performs the wanted simulations). In this Perspective, I discuss present-day challenges on the software side in computational chemistry, which arise from the fast-paced development of algorithms, programming models, as well as hardware. I argue that many of these challenges could be solved with reusable open source libraries, which are a public good, enhance the reproducibility of science, and accelerate the development and availability of state-of-the-art methods and improved software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Li Manni G, Fdez. Galván I, Alavi A, Aleotti F, Aquilante F, Autschbach J, Avagliano D, Baiardi A, Bao JJ, Battaglia S, Birnoschi L, Blanco-González A, Bokarev SI, Broer R, Cacciari R, Calio PB, Carlson RK, Carvalho Couto R, Cerdán L, Chibotaru LF, Chilton NF, Church JR, Conti I, Coriani S, Cuéllar-Zuquin J, Daoud RE, Dattani N, Decleva P, de Graaf C, Delcey M, De Vico L, Dobrautz W, Dong SS, Feng R, Ferré N, Filatov(Gulak) M, Gagliardi L, Garavelli M, González L, Guan Y, Guo M, Hennefarth MR, Hermes MR, Hoyer CE, Huix-Rotllant M, Jaiswal VK, Kaiser A, Kaliakin DS, Khamesian M, King DS, Kochetov V, Krośnicki M, Kumaar AA, Larsson ED, Lehtola S, Lepetit MB, Lischka H, López Ríos P, Lundberg M, Ma D, Mai S, Marquetand P, Merritt ICD, Montorsi F, Mörchen M, Nenov A, Nguyen VHA, Nishimoto Y, Oakley MS, Olivucci M, Oppel M, Padula D, Pandharkar R, Phung QM, Plasser F, Raggi G, Rebolini E, Reiher M, Rivalta I, Roca-Sanjuán D, Romig T, Safari AA, Sánchez-Mansilla A, Sand AM, Schapiro I, Scott TR, Segarra-Martí J, Segatta F, Sergentu DC, Sharma P, Shepard R, Shu Y, Staab JK, Straatsma TP, Sørensen LK, Tenorio BNC, Truhlar DG, Ungur L, Vacher M, Veryazov V, Voß TA, Weser O, Wu D, Yang X, Yarkony D, Zhou C, Zobel JP, Lindh R. The OpenMolcas Web: A Community-Driven Approach to Advancing Computational Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6933-6991. [PMID: 37216210 PMCID: PMC10601490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The developments of the open-source OpenMolcas chemistry software environment since spring 2020 are described, with a focus on novel functionalities accessible in the stable branch of the package or via interfaces with other packages. These developments span a wide range of topics in computational chemistry and are presented in thematic sections: electronic structure theory, electronic spectroscopy simulations, analytic gradients and molecular structure optimizations, ab initio molecular dynamics, and other new features. This report offers an overview of the chemical phenomena and processes OpenMolcas can address, while showing that OpenMolcas is an attractive platform for state-of-the-art atomistic computer simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Li Manni
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ignacio Fdez. Galván
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ali Alavi
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Yusuf Hamied
Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Flavia Aleotti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Aquilante
- Theory and
Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational
Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Autschbach
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
| | - Davide Avagliano
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jie J. Bao
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Stefano Battaglia
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Letitia Birnoschi
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | - Alejandro Blanco-González
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Sergey I. Bokarev
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Chemistry
Department, School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ria Broer
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Roberto Cacciari
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Paul B. Calio
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Carlson
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Rafael Carvalho Couto
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luis Cerdán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Instituto
de Óptica (IO−CSIC), Consejo
Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Liviu F. Chibotaru
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nicholas F. Chilton
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | | | - Irene Conti
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sonia Coriani
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juliana Cuéllar-Zuquin
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Razan E. Daoud
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nike Dattani
- HPQC Labs, Waterloo, N2T 2K9 Ontario Canada
- HPQC College, Waterloo, N2T 2K9 Ontario Canada
| | - Piero Decleva
- Istituto
Officina dei Materiali IOM-CNR and Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche
e Farmaceutiche, Università degli
Studi di Trieste, I-34121 Trieste, Italy
| | - Coen de Graaf
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís
Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mickaël
G. Delcey
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Engineering Sciences
in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Luca De Vico
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Werner Dobrautz
- Chalmers
University of Technology, Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sijia S. Dong
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Physics, and Department
of Chemical Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Rulin Feng
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nicolas Ferré
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire (UMR-7273), Aix-Marseille
Univ, CNRS, ICR 13013 Marseille, France
| | | | - Laura Gagliardi
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Leticia González
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Yafu Guan
- State Key
Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical
Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute
of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meiyuan Guo
- SSRL, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hennefarth
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Chad E. Hoyer
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miquel Huix-Rotllant
- Institut
de Chimie Radicalaire (UMR-7273), Aix-Marseille
Univ, CNRS, ICR 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Vishal Kumar Jaiswal
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andy Kaiser
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Danil S. Kaliakin
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - Marjan Khamesian
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel S. King
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marek Krośnicki
- Institute
of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics
and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, ul Wita Stwosza 57, 80-952, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Ernst D. Larsson
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marie-Bernadette Lepetit
- Condensed
Matter Theory Group, Institut Néel, CNRS UPR 2940, 38042 Grenoble, France
- Theory
Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Hans Lischka
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech
University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Pablo López Ríos
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marcus Lundberg
- Department
of Chemistry − Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dongxia Ma
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Sebastian Mai
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maximilian Mörchen
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Artur Nenov
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vu Ha Anh Nguyen
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Yoshio Nishimoto
- Graduate
School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Meagan S. Oakley
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Padula
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università
di Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Riddhish Pandharkar
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Quan Manh Phung
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Institute
of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Felix Plasser
- Department
of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, U.K.
| | - Gerardo Raggi
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Quantum
Materials and Software LTD, 128 City Road, London, EC1V 2NX, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Rebolini
- Scientific
Computing Group, Institut Laue Langevin, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Markus Reiher
- ETH Zurich, Laboratory for Physical Chemistry, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Thies Romig
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Arta Anushirwan Safari
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Aitor Sánchez-Mansilla
- Department
of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, Universitat
Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona 43007, Spain
| | - Andrew M. Sand
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46208, United States
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Institute
of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Thais R. Scott
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
- Department
of Chemistry, Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, James Franck
Institute, Chicago Center for Theoretical Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Javier Segarra-Martí
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán
Martínez n. 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Department
of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Dumitru-Claudiu Sergentu
- Department
of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State
University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, United States
- Laboratory
RA-03, RECENT AIR, A. I. Cuza University of Iaşi, RA-03 Laboratory (RECENT AIR), Iaşi 700506, Romania
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Ron Shepard
- Chemical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne
National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Yinan Shu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Jakob K. Staab
- The Department
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL, Manchester, U.K.
| | - Tjerk P. Straatsma
- National
Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge
National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6373, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | | | - Bruno Nunes Cabral Tenorio
- Department
of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg 207, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Liviu Ungur
- Department
of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543 Singapore
| | - Morgane Vacher
- Nantes
Université, CNRS, CEISAM, UMR 6230, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Valera Veryazov
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Chemical Centre, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
| | - Torben Arne Voß
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Oskar Weser
- Electronic
Structure Theory Department, Max Planck
Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dihua Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - Xuchun Yang
- Chemistry
Department, Bowling Green State University, Overmann Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, United States
| | - David Yarkony
- Department
of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Minnesota Supercomputing
Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455-0431, United
States
| | - J. Patrick Zobel
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 576, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
- Uppsala
Center for Computational Chemistry (UC3), Uppsala University, PO Box 576, SE-751 23 Uppsala. Sweden
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5
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Abstract
We have recently discussed an algorithm to automatically generate auxiliary basis sets (ABSs) of the standard form for density fitting (DF) or resolution-of-the-identity (RI) calculations in a given atomic orbital basis set (OBS) of any form, such as Gaussian-type orbitals, Slater-type orbitals, or numerical atomic orbitals [J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2021, 17, 6886]. In this work, we study two ways to reduce the cost of such automatically generated ABSs without sacrificing their accuracy. We contract the ABS with a singular value decomposition proposed by Kállay [J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 141, 244113], used here in a somewhat different setting. We also drop the high-angular momentum functions from the ABS, as they are unnecessary for global fitting methods. Studying the effect of these two types of truncations on Hartree-Fock (HF) and second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) calculations on a chemically diverse set of first- and second-row molecules within the RI/DF approach, we show that accurate total and atomization energies can be achieved by a combination of the two approaches with significant reductions in the size of the ABS. While the original approach yields ABSs whose number of functions NbfABS scales with the number of functions in the OBS, NOBSbf, as NABSbf = γNOBSbf with the prefactor γ ≈ O ( 10 ) , the reduction schemes of this work afford results of essentially the same quality as the original unpruned and uncontracted ABS with γ ≈ 5-6, while an accuracy that may suffice for routine applications is achievable with a further reduced ABS with γ ≈ 3-4. The observed errors are similar at HF and MP2 levels of theory, suggesting that the generated ABSs are highly transferable and can also be applied to model challenging properties with high-level methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Lehtola S, Marques MAL. Reproducibility of density functional approximations: How new functionals should be reported. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114116. [PMID: 37725491 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory is the workhorse of chemistry and materials science, and novel density functional approximations are published every year. To become available in program packages, the novel density functional approximations (DFAs) need to be (re)implemented. However, according to our experience as developers of Libxc [Lehtola et al., SoftwareX 7, 1 (2018)], a constant problem in this task is verification due to the lack of reliable reference data. As we discuss in this work, this lack has led to several non-equivalent implementations of functionals such as Becke-Perdew 1986, Perdew-Wang 1991, Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof, and Becke's three-parameter hybrid functional with Lee-Yang-Parr correlation across various program packages, yielding different total energies. Through careful verification, we have also found many issues with incorrect functional forms in recent DFAs. The goal of this work is to ensure the reproducibility of DFAs. DFAs must be verifiable in order to prevent the reappearance of the above-mentioned errors and incompatibilities. A common framework for verification and testing is, therefore, needed. We suggest several ways in which reference energies can be produced with free and open source software, either with non-self-consistent calculations with tabulated atomic densities or via self-consistent calculations with various program packages. The employed numerical parameters-especially the quadrature grid-need to be converged to guarantee a ≲0.1 μEh precision in the total energy, which is nowadays routinely achievable in fully numerical calculations. Moreover, as such sub-μEh level agreement can only be achieved when fully equivalent implementations of the DFA are used, the source code of the reference implementation should also be made available in any publication describing a new DFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Research Center Future Energy Materials and Systems of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801 Bochum, Germany
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7
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Lehtola S. Accuracy of a Recent Regularized Nuclear Potential. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37354116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
F. Gygi recently suggested an analytic, norm-conserving, regularized nuclear potential to enable all-electron plane-wave calculations [Gygi J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2023, 19, 1300-1309.]. This potential V(r) is determined by inverting the Schrödinger equation for the wave function Ansatz ϕ(r) = exp[-h(r)]/√π with h(r) = r erf(ar) + b exp(-a2r2), where a and b are parameters. Gygi fixes b by demanding ϕ to be normalized, with the value b(a) depending on the strength of the regularization controlled by a. We begin this work by re-examining the determination of b(a) and find that the original 10-decimal tabulations of Gygi are only correct to 5 decimals, leading to normalization errors in the order of 10-10. In contrast, we show that a simple 100-point radial quadrature scheme not only ensures at least 10 correct decimals of b but also leads to machine-precision level satisfaction of the normalization condition. Moreover, we extend Gygi's plane-wave study by examining the accuracy of V(r) with high-precision finite element calculations with Hartree-Fock and LDA, GGA, and meta-GGA functionals on first- to fifth-period atoms. We find that although the convergence of the total energy appears slow in the regularization parameter a, orbital energies and shapes are indeed reproduced accurately by the regularized potential even with relatively small values of a, as compared to results obtained with a point nucleus. The accuracy of the potential is furthermore studied with s-d excitation energies of Sc-Cu as well as ionization potentials of He-Kr, which are found to converge to sub-meV precision with a = 4. The findings of this work are in full support of Gygi's contribution, indicating that all-electron plane-wave calculations can be accurately performed with the regularized nuclear potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Abstract
We have recently described the implementation of atomic electronic structure calculations within the finite element method with numerical radial basis functions of the form χμ(r) = r-1Bμ(r), where high-order Lagrange interpolating polynomials (LIPs) were used as the shape functions Bμ(r). In this work, we discuss how χμ(r) can be evaluated in a stable manner at small r and also revisit the choice of the shape functions Bμ(r). Three kinds of shape functions are considered: in addition to the C0 continuous LIPs, we consider the analytical implementation of first-order Hermite interpolating polynomials (HIPs) that are C1 continuous, as well as numerical implementations of n-th order (Cn continuous) HIPs that are expressed in terms of an underlying high-order LIP basis. Furnished with the new implementation, we demonstrate that the first-order HIPs are reliable even with large numbers of nodes and that they also work with nonuniform element grids, affording even better results in atomic electronic structure calculations than LIPs with the same total number of basis functions. We demonstrate that discontinuities can be observed in the spin-σ local kinetic energy τσ in small LIP basis sets, while HIP basis sets do not suffer from such issues; however, either set can be used to reach the complete basis set limit with smooth τσ. Moreover, we discuss the implications of HIPs on calculations with meta-GGA functionals with a number of recent meta-GGA functionals, and we find most Minnesota functionals to be ill-behaved. We also examine the potential usefulness of the explicit control over the derivative in HIPs for forming numerical atomic orbital basis sets, but we find that confining potentials are still likely a better option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Lehtola S. Meta-GGA Density Functional Calculations on Atoms with Spherically Symmetric Densities in the Finite Element Formalism. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:2502-2517. [PMID: 37084260 PMCID: PMC10173457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Density functional calculations on atoms are often used for determining accurate initial guesses as well as generating various types of pseudopotential approximations and efficient atomic-orbital basis sets for polyatomic calculations. To reach the best accuracy for these purposes, the atomic calculations should employ the same density functional as the polyatomic calculation. Atomic density functional calculations are typically carried out employing spherically symmetric densities, corresponding to the use of fractional orbital occupations. We have described their implementation for density functional approximations (DFAs) belonging to the local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) levels of theory as well as Hartree-Fock (HF) and range-separated exact exchange [Lehtola, S. Phys. Rev. A 2020, 101, 012516]. In this work, we describe the extension to meta-GGA functionals using the generalized Kohn-Sham scheme, in which the energy is minimized with respect to the orbitals, which in turn are expanded in the finite element formalism with high-order numerical basis functions. Furnished with the new implementation, we continue our recent work on the numerical well-behavedness of recent meta-GGA functionals [Lehtola, S.; Marques, M. A. L. J. Chem. Phys. 2022, 157, 174114]. We pursue complete basis set (CBS) limit energies for recent density functionals and find many to be ill-behaved for the Li and Na atoms. We report basis set truncation errors (BSTEs) of some commonly used Gaussian basis sets for these density functionals and find the BSTEs to be strongly functional dependent. We also discuss the importance of density thresholding in DFAs and find that all of the functionals studied in this work yield total energies converged to 0.1 μEh when densities smaller than 10-11a0-3 are screened out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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10
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Pathak S, López IE, Lee AJ, Bricker WP, Fernández RL, Lehtola S, Rackers JA. Accurate Hellmann-Feynman forces from density functional calculations with augmented Gaussian basis sets. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:014104. [PMID: 36610956 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hellmann-Feynman (HF) theorem provides a way to compute forces directly from the electron density, enabling efficient force calculations for large systems through machine learning (ML) models for the electron density. The main issue holding back the general acceptance of the HF approach for atom-centered basis sets is the well-known Pulay force which, if naively discarded, typically constitutes an error upward of 10 eV/Å in forces. In this work, we demonstrate that if a suitably augmented Gaussian basis set is used for density functional calculations, the Pulay force can be suppressed, and HF forces can be computed as accurately as analytical forces with state-of-the-art basis sets, allowing geometry optimization and molecular dynamics to be reliably performed with HF forces. Our results pave a clear path forward for the accurate and efficient simulation of large systems using ML densities and the HF theorem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivesh Pathak
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - Ignacio Ema López
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alex J Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | - William P Bricker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA
| | | | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Joshua A Rackers
- Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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11
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Lehtola S, Marques MAL. Many recent density functionals are numerically ill-behaved. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:174114. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0121187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Most computational studies in chemistry and materials science are based on the use of density functional theory. Although the exact density functional is unknown, several density functional approximations (DFAs) offer a good balance of affordable computational cost and semi-quantitative accuracy for applications. The development of DFAs still continues on many fronts, and several new DFAs aiming for improved accuracy are published every year. However, the numerical behavior of these DFAs is an often overlooked problem. In this work, we look at all 592 DFAs for three dimensional systems available in Libxc 5.2.2 and examine the convergence of the density functional total energy based on tabulated atomic Hartree-Fock wave functions. We show that several recent DFAs, including the celebrated SCAN family of functionals, show impractically slow convergence with typically used numerical quadrature schemes, making these functionals unsuitable both for routine applications or high-precision studies, as thousands of radial quadrature points may be required to achieve sub-μEh accurate total energies for these functionals, while standard quadrature grids like the SG-3 grid only contain O(100) radial quadrature points. These results are both a warning to users to always check the sufficiency of the quadrature grid when adopting novel functionals, as well as a guideline to the theory community to develop better behaved density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States of America
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12
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Schwalbe S, Trepte K, Lehtola S. How good are recent density functionals for ground and excited states of one-electron systems? J Chem Phys 2022; 157:174113. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0120515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sun et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 144, 191101 (2016)] suggested that common density functional approximations (DFAs) should exhibit large energy errors for excited states as a necessary consequence of orbital nodality. Motivated by self-interaction corrected density functional calculations on many-electron systems, we continue their study with the exactly solvable 1 s, 2 p, and 3 d states of 36 hydrogenic one-electron ions (H-Kr35+) and demonstrate with self-consistent calculations that state-of-the-art DFAs indeed exhibit large errors for the 2 p and 3 d excited states. We consider 56 functionals at the local density approximation (LDA), generalized gradient approximation (GGA) as well as meta-GGA levels, also including several hybrid functionals like the recently proposed machine-learned DM21 local hybrid functional. The best non-hybrid functional for the 1 s ground state is revTPSS. The 2 p and 3 d excited states are more difficult for DFAs as Sun et al. predicted, and LDA functionals turn out to yield the most systematic accuracy for these states amongst non-hybrid functionals. The best performance for the three states overall is observed with the BHandH global hybrid GGA functional, which contains 50% Hartree-Fock exchange and 50% LDA exchange. The performance of DM21 is found to be inconsistent, yielding good accuracy for some states and systems and poor accuracy for others. Based on these results, we recommend including a variety of one-electron cations in future training of machine-learned density functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwalbe
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany
| | - Kai Trepte
- Physics, Stanford University, United States of America
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, United States of America
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Antti J. Karttunen
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science Aalto University Espoo Finland
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14
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Salo VT, Valiev R, Lehtola S, Kurtén T. Gas-Phase Peroxyl Radical Recombination Reactions: A Computational Study of Formation and Decomposition of Tetroxides. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:4046-4056. [PMID: 35709531 PMCID: PMC9251773 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The recombination
(“dimerization”) of peroxyl radicals
(RO2•) is one of the pathways suggested in the literature
for the formation of peroxides (ROOR′, often referred to as
dimers or accretion products in the literature) in the atmosphere.
It is generally accepted that these dimers play a major role in the
first steps of the formation of submicron aerosol particles. However,
the precise reaction pathways and energetics of RO2•
+ R′O2• reactions are still unknown. In this
work, we have studied the formation of tetroxide intermediates (RO4R′): their formation from two peroxyl radicals and
their decomposition to triplet molecular oxygen (3O2) and a triplet pair of alkoxyl radicals (RO•). We
demonstrate this mechanism for several atmospherically relevant primary
and secondary peroxyl radicals. The potential energy surface corresponds
to an overall singlet state. The subsequent reaction channels of the
alkoxyl radicals include, but are not limited to, their dimerization
into ROOR′. Our work considers the multiconfigurational character
of the tetroxides and the intermediate phases of the reaction, leading
to reliable mechanistic insights for the formation and decomposition
of the tetroxides. Despite substantial uncertainties in the computed
energetics, our results demonstrate that the barrier heights along
the reaction path are invariably small for these systems. This suggests
that the reaction mechanism, previously validated at a multireference
level only for methyl peroxyl radicals, is a plausible pathway for
the formation of aerosol-relevant larger peroxides in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vili-Taneli Salo
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Rashid Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.,Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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15
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Abstract
Automatic differentiation represents a paradigm shift in scientific programming, where evaluating both functions and their derivatives is required for most applications. By removing the need to explicitly derive expressions for gradients, development times can be shortened and calculations can be simplified. For these reasons, automatic differentiation has fueled the rapid growth of a variety of sophisticated machine learning techniques over the past decade, but is now also increasingly showing its value to support ab initio simulations of quantum systems and enhance computational quantum chemistry. Here, we present an open-source differentiable quantum chemistry simulation code and explore applications facilitated by automatic differentiation: (1) calculating molecular perturbation properties, (2) reoptimizing a basis set for hydrocarbons, (3) checking the stability of self-consistent field wave functions, and (4) predicting molecular properties via alchemical perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad F. Kasim
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Sam M. Vinko
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
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16
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Trepte K, Schwalbe S, Liebing S, Schulze WT, Kortus J, Myneni H, Ivanov AV, Lehtola S. Chemical bonding theories as guides for self-interaction corrected solutions: Multiple local minima and symmetry breaking. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:224109. [PMID: 34911315 DOI: 10.1063/5.0071796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermi-Löwdin orbitals (FLOs) are a special set of localized orbitals, which have become commonly used in combination with the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction (SIC) in the FLO-SIC method. The FLOs are obtained for a set of occupied orbitals by specifying a classical position for each electron. These positions are known as Fermi-orbital descriptors (FODs), and they have a clear relation to chemical bonding. In this study, we show how FLOs and FODs can be used to initialize, interpret, and justify SIC solutions in a common chemical picture, both within FLO-SIC and in traditional variational SIC, and to locate distinct local minima in either of these approaches. We demonstrate that FLOs based on Lewis theory lead to symmetry breaking for benzene-the electron density is found to break symmetry already at the symmetric molecular structure-while ones from Linnett's double-quartet theory reproduce symmetric electron densities and molecular geometries. Introducing a benchmark set of 16 planar cyclic molecules, we show that using Lewis theory as the starting point can lead to artifactual dipole moments of up to 1 D, while Linnett SIC dipole moments are in better agreement with experimental values. We suggest using the dipole moment as a diagnostic of symmetry breaking in SIC and monitoring it in all SIC calculations. We show that Linnett structures can often be seen as superpositions of Lewis structures and propose Linnett structures as a simple way to describe aromatic systems in SIC with reduced symmetry breaking. The role of hovering FODs is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Trepte
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sebastian Schwalbe
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Simon Liebing
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, 141980 Dubna, Russia
| | - Wanja T Schulze
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Hemanadhan Myneni
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Aleksei V Ivanov
- Science Institute and Faculty of Physical Sciences, VR-III, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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17
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Lehtola S. Straightforward and Accurate Automatic Auxiliary Basis Set Generation for Molecular Calculations with Atomic Orbital Basis Sets. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6886-6900. [PMID: 34614349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density fitting (DF), also known as the resolution of the identity (RI), is a widely used technique in quantum chemical calculations with various types of atomic basis sets─Gaussian-type orbitals, Slater-type orbitals, as well as numerical atomic orbitals─to speed up density functional, Hartree-Fock (HF), and post-HF calculations. Traditionally, custom auxiliary basis sets are hand-optimized for each orbital basis set; however, some automatic schemes have also been suggested. In this work, we propose a simple yet numerically stable automated scheme for forming auxiliary basis sets with the help of a pivoted Cholesky decomposition, which is applicable to any type of atomic basis function. We exemplify the scheme with proof-of-concept calculations with Gaussian basis sets and show that the proposed approach leads to negligible DF/RI errors in HF and second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) total energies of the non-multireference part of the W4-17 test set when used with orbital basis sets of at least polarized triple-ζ quality. The results are promising for future applications employing Slater-type orbitals or numerical atomic orbitals, as well as schemes based on the use of local fitting approaches. Global fitting approaches can also be used, in which case the high-angular-momentum functions produced by the present scheme can be truncated to minimize the computational cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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Epifanovsky E, Gilbert ATB, Feng X, Lee J, Mao Y, Mardirossian N, Pokhilko P, White AF, Coons MP, Dempwolff AL, Gan Z, Hait D, Horn PR, Jacobson LD, Kaliman I, Kussmann J, Lange AW, Lao KU, Levine DS, Liu J, McKenzie SC, Morrison AF, Nanda KD, Plasser F, Rehn DR, Vidal ML, You ZQ, Zhu Y, Alam B, Albrecht BJ, Aldossary A, Alguire E, Andersen JH, Athavale V, Barton D, Begam K, Behn A, Bellonzi N, Bernard YA, Berquist EJ, Burton HGA, Carreras A, Carter-Fenk K, Chakraborty R, Chien AD, Closser KD, Cofer-Shabica V, Dasgupta S, de Wergifosse M, Deng J, Diedenhofen M, Do H, Ehlert S, Fang PT, Fatehi S, Feng Q, Friedhoff T, Gayvert J, Ge Q, Gidofalvi G, Goldey M, Gomes J, González-Espinoza CE, Gulania S, Gunina AO, Hanson-Heine MWD, Harbach PHP, Hauser A, Herbst MF, Hernández Vera M, Hodecker M, Holden ZC, Houck S, Huang X, Hui K, Huynh BC, Ivanov M, Jász Á, Ji H, Jiang H, Kaduk B, Kähler S, Khistyaev K, Kim J, Kis G, Klunzinger P, Koczor-Benda Z, Koh JH, Kosenkov D, Koulias L, Kowalczyk T, Krauter CM, Kue K, Kunitsa A, Kus T, Ladjánszki I, Landau A, Lawler KV, Lefrancois D, Lehtola S, Li RR, Li YP, Liang J, Liebenthal M, Lin HH, Lin YS, Liu F, Liu KY, Loipersberger M, Luenser A, Manjanath A, Manohar P, Mansoor E, Manzer SF, Mao SP, Marenich AV, Markovich T, Mason S, Maurer SA, McLaughlin PF, Menger MFSJ, Mewes JM, Mewes SA, Morgante P, Mullinax JW, Oosterbaan KJ, Paran G, Paul AC, Paul SK, Pavošević F, Pei Z, Prager S, Proynov EI, Rák Á, Ramos-Cordoba E, Rana B, Rask AE, Rettig A, Richard RM, Rob F, Rossomme E, Scheele T, Scheurer M, Schneider M, Sergueev N, Sharada SM, Skomorowski W, Small DW, Stein CJ, Su YC, Sundstrom EJ, Tao Z, Thirman J, Tornai GJ, Tsuchimochi T, Tubman NM, Veccham SP, Vydrov O, Wenzel J, Witte J, Yamada A, Yao K, Yeganeh S, Yost SR, Zech A, Zhang IY, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zuev D, Aspuru-Guzik A, Bell AT, Besley NA, Bravaya KB, Brooks BR, Casanova D, Chai JD, Coriani S, Cramer CJ, Cserey G, DePrince AE, DiStasio RA, Dreuw A, Dunietz BD, Furlani TR, Goddard WA, Hammes-Schiffer S, Head-Gordon T, Hehre WJ, Hsu CP, Jagau TC, Jung Y, Klamt A, Kong J, Lambrecht DS, Liang W, Mayhall NJ, McCurdy CW, Neaton JB, Ochsenfeld C, Parkhill JA, Peverati R, Rassolov VA, Shao Y, Slipchenko LV, Stauch T, Steele RP, Subotnik JE, Thom AJW, Tkatchenko A, Truhlar DG, Van Voorhis T, Wesolowski TA, Whaley KB, Woodcock HL, Zimmerman PM, Faraji S, Gill PMW, Head-Gordon M, Herbert JM, Krylov AI. Software for the frontiers of quantum chemistry: An overview of developments in the Q-Chem 5 package. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:084801. [PMID: 34470363 PMCID: PMC9984241 DOI: 10.1063/5.0055522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 137.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article summarizes technical advances contained in the fifth major release of the Q-Chem quantum chemistry program package, covering developments since 2015. A comprehensive library of exchange-correlation functionals, along with a suite of correlated many-body methods, continues to be a hallmark of the Q-Chem software. The many-body methods include novel variants of both coupled-cluster and configuration-interaction approaches along with methods based on the algebraic diagrammatic construction and variational reduced density-matrix methods. Methods highlighted in Q-Chem 5 include a suite of tools for modeling core-level spectroscopy, methods for describing metastable resonances, methods for computing vibronic spectra, the nuclear-electronic orbital method, and several different energy decomposition analysis techniques. High-performance capabilities including multithreaded parallelism and support for calculations on graphics processing units are described. Q-Chem boasts a community of well over 100 active academic developers, and the continuing evolution of the software is supported by an "open teamware" model and an increasingly modular design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny Epifanovsky
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Pavel Pokhilko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alec F. White
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marc P. Coons
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Adrian L. Dempwolff
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhengting Gan
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Paul R. Horn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Leif D. Jacobson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Jörg Kussmann
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Adrian W. Lange
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Ka Un Lao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Daniel S. Levine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Simon C. McKenzie
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Kaushik D. Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Dirk R. Rehn
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marta L. Vidal
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Bushra Alam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Albrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | - Ethan Alguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Josefine H. Andersen
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vishikh Athavale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dennis Barton
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Khadiza Begam
- Department of Physics, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - Andrew Behn
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicole Bellonzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yves A. Bernard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Hugh G. A. Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Abel Carreras
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Kevin Carter-Fenk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | - Alan D. Chien
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | | | - Vale Cofer-Shabica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Saswata Dasgupta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Marc de Wergifosse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jia Deng
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Hainam Do
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Ehlert
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Beringstr. 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Po-Tung Fang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Qingguo Feng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Triet Friedhoff
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - James Gayvert
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Qinghui Ge
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gergely Gidofalvi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, Washington 99258, USA
| | - Matthew Goldey
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Joe Gomes
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Sahil Gulania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Anastasia O. Gunina
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Phillip H. P. Harbach
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Hauser
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Mario Hernández Vera
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Manuel Hodecker
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zachary C. Holden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Shannon Houck
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Xunkun Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Kerwin Hui
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bang C. Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Ivanov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Ádám Jász
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hyunjun Ji
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Benjamin Kaduk
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Sven Kähler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Kirill Khistyaev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Jaehoon Kim
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Gergely Kis
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Zsuzsanna Koczor-Benda
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Joong Hoon Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Dimitri Kosenkov
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Laura Koulias
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - Caroline M. Krauter
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karl Kue
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Alexander Kunitsa
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Thomas Kus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | | | - Arie Landau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Keith V. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel Lefrancois
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Run R. Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Yi-Pei Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Jiashu Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Marcus Liebenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Hung-Hsuan Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - You-Sheng Lin
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Fenglai Liu
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | | | - Arne Luenser
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Aaditya Manjanath
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Section 2, Nangang District, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Prashant Manohar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Erum Mansoor
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Sam F. Manzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Shan-Ping Mao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | | | - Thomas Markovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Stephen Mason
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Simon A. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - Peter F. McLaughlin
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | | | - Jan-Michael Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefanie A. Mewes
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pierpaolo Morgante
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - J. Wayne Mullinax
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander C. Paul
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Suranjan K. Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fabijan Pavošević
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Zheng Pei
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Stefan Prager
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emil I. Proynov
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Ádám Rák
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eloy Ramos-Cordoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Bhaskar Rana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Alan E. Rask
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Adam Rettig
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Ryan M. Richard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Fazle Rob
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Elliot Rossomme
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Tarek Scheele
- Institute for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Schneider
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nickolai Sergueev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Shaama M. Sharada
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Wojciech Skomorowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - David W. Small
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christopher J. Stein
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Chuan Su
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Eric J. Sundstrom
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhen Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jonathan Thirman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Gábor J. Tornai
- Stream Novation Ltd., Práter utca 50/a, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Takashi Tsuchimochi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Norm M. Tubman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Oleg Vydrov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Jan Wenzel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jon Witte
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Atsushi Yamada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Kun Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Sina Yeganeh
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Shane R. Yost
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Alexander Zech
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Igor Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Dmitry Zuev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Alexis T. Bell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Besley
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ksenia B. Bravaya
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Bernard R. Brooks
- Laboratory of Computational Biophysics, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | | | - Sonia Coriani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet Bldg. 207, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - Robert A. DiStasio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Andreas Dreuw
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44240, USA
| | - Thomas R. Furlani
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | | | - Teresa Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yousung Jung
- Graduate School of Energy, Environment, Water and Sustainability (EEWS), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Andreas Klamt
- COSMOlogic GmbH & Co. KG, Imbacher Weg 46, D-51379 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Jing Kong
- Q-Chem, Inc., 6601 Owens Drive, Suite 105, Pleasanton, California 94588, USA
| | - Daniel S. Lambrecht
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | | | | | - C. William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Jeffrey B. Neaton
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Christian Ochsenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstr. 7, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - John A. Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Roberto Peverati
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida 32901, USA
| | - Vitaly A. Rassolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan P. Steele
- Department of Chemistry and Henry Eyring Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Alex J. W. Thom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Donald G. Truhlar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, Quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - K. Birgitta Whaley
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H. Lee Woodcock
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, USA
| | - Paul M. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Shirin Faraji
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9774AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John M. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, USA,Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Lehtola S, Dimitrova M, Fliegl H, Sundholm D. Correction to "Benchmarking Magnetizabilities with Recent Density Functionals". J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:4629-4631. [PMID: 34129325 PMCID: PMC8504800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Bilalbegović G, Maksimović A, Valencic LA, Lehtola S. Sulfur Molecules in Space by X-rays: A Computational Study. ACS Earth Space Chem 2021; 5:436-448. [PMID: 33842801 PMCID: PMC8028330 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray astronomy lacks high resolution spectra of interstellar dust analogues and molecules, severely hampering interstellar medium studies based on upcoming X-ray missions. Various theoretical approaches may be used to address this problem, but they must first be shown to reproduce reliable spectra compared to the experiment. In this work, we calculate the sulfur K edge X-ray absorption spectra of H2S, SO2, and OCS, whose spectra are already known from X-ray experiments and predict the X-ray spectrum of CS, which as far as we are aware has not been measured, thereby hampering its detection by X-ray telescopes. We chose these four molecules as the astrochemistry of sulfur is an unsolved problem and as the four molecules are already known to exist in space. We consider three types of methods for modeling the X-ray spectra: more accurate calculations with the algebraic-diagrammatic construction (ADC) and the CC2, CCSD, and CC3 coupled cluster (CC) approaches as well as more affordable ones with transition potential density functional theory (TP-DFT). A comparison of our computational results to previously reported experimental spectra shows that the core-valence separation (CVS) approaches CVS-ADC(2)-x and CVS-CC3 generally yield a good qualitative level of agreement with the experiment, suggesting that they can be used for interpreting measured spectra, while the TP-DFT method is not reliable for these molecules. However, quantitative agreement with the experiment is still outside the reach of the computational methods studied in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goranka Bilalbegović
- Department
of Physics, Faculty of Science, University
of Zagreb, Bijenička
cesta 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleksandar Maksimović
- Center
of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lynne A. Valencic
- NASA
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, 20771 Maryland, United States
- Department
of Physics & Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins
University, 366 Bloomberg
Center, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, 21218 Maryland, United States
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio
1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Abstract
We have assessed the accuracy of the magnetic properties of a set of 51 density functional approximations, including both recently published and already established functionals. The accuracy assessment considers a series of 27 small molecules and is based on comparing the predicted magnetizabilities to literature reference values calculated using coupled-cluster theory with full singles and doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] employing large basis sets. The most accurate magnetizabilities, defined as the smallest mean absolute error, are obtained with the BHandHLYP functional. Three of the six studied Berkeley functionals and the three range-separated Florida functionals also yield accurate magnetizabilities. Also, some older functionals like CAM-B3LYP, KT1, BHLYP (BHandH), B3LYP, and PBE0 perform rather well. In contrast, unsatisfactory performance is generally obtained with Minnesota functionals, which are therefore not recommended for calculations of magnetically induced current density susceptibilities and related magnetic properties such as magnetizabilities and nuclear magnetic shieldings. We also demonstrate that magnetizabilities can be calculated by numerical integration of magnetizability density; we have implemented this approach as a new feature in the gauge-including magnetically induced current (GIMIC) method. Magnetizabilities can be calculated from magnetically induced current density susceptibilities within this approach even when analytical approaches for magnetizabilities as the second derivative of the energy have not been implemented. The magnetizability density can also be visualized, providing additional information that is not otherwise easily accessible on the spatial origin of magnetizabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats
1, FI-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats
1, FI-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Institute
of Nanotechnology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A.I. Virtanens plats
1, FI-00014 University
of Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Jinger R, Fliegl H, Bast R, Dimitrova M, Lehtola S, Sundholm D. Spatial Contributions to Nuclear Magnetic Shieldings. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:1778-1786. [PMID: 33605721 PMCID: PMC8023705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We develop a methodology for calculating, analyzing, and visualizing nuclear magnetic shielding densities which are calculated from the current density via the Biot-Savart relation. Atomic contributions to nuclear magnetic shielding constants can be estimated within our framework with a Becke partitioning scheme. The new features have been implemented in the GIMIC program and are applied in this work to the study of the 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic shieldings in benzene (C6H6) and cyclobutadiene (C4H4). The new methodology allows a visual inspection of the spatial origins of the positive (shielding) and negative (deshielding) contributions to the nuclear magnetic shielding constant of a single nucleus, something which has not been hitherto easily accomplished. Analysis of the shielding densities shows that diatropic and paratropic current-density fluxes yield both shielding and deshielding contributions, as the shielding or deshielding is determined by the direction of the current-density flux with respect to the studied nucleus instead of the tropicity. Becke partitioning of the magnetic shieldings shows that the magnetic shielding contributions mainly originate from the studied atom and its nearest neighbors, confirming the localized character of nuclear magnetic shieldings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul
Kumar Jinger
- Indian
Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Heike Fliegl
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Nanotechnology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, D-76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Radovan Bast
- Department
Information Technology, UiT Arctic University
Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Molecular
Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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23
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Lehtola S, Marques MAL. Meta-Local Density Functionals: A New Rung on Jacob's Ladder. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:943-948. [PMID: 33502183 PMCID: PMC8023657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c01147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The homogeneous electron gas (HEG) is a key ingredient in the construction of most exchange-correlation functionals of density-functional theory. Often, the energy of the HEG is parameterized as a function of its spin density nσ, leading to the local density approximation (LDA) for inhomogeneous systems. However, the connection between the electron density and kinetic energy density of the HEG can be used to generalize the LDA by evaluating it on a geometric average nσavg(r) = nσ1-x(r)ñσx(r) of the local spin density nσ(r) and the spin density ñσ(r) of a HEG that has the local kinetic energy density τσ(r) of the inhomogeneous system. This leads to a new family of functionals that we term meta-local density approximations (meta-LDAs), which are still exact for the HEG, which are derived only from properties of the HEG and which form a new rung of Jacob's ladder of density functionals [ AIP Conf. Proc. 2001, 577, 1]. The first functional of this ladder, the local τ approximation (LTA) of Ernzerhof and Scuseria [ J. Chem. Phys. 1999, 111, 911] that corresponds to x = 1 is unfortunately not stable enough to be used in self-consistent field calculations because it leads to divergent potentials, as we show in this work. However, a geometric averaging of the LDA and LTA densities with smaller values of x not only leads to numerical stability of the resulting functional but also yields more accurate exchange energies in atomic calculations than the LDA, the LTA, or the tLDA functional (x = 1/4) of Eich and Hellgren [ J. Chem. Phys. 2014, 141, 224107]. We choose x = 0.50, as it gives the best total energy in self-consistent exchange-only calculations for the argon atom. Atomization energy benchmarks confirm that the choice x = 0.50 also yields improved energetics in combination with correlation functionals in molecules, almost eliminating the well-known overbinding of the LDA and reducing its error by two thirds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
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24
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Schwalbe S, Fiedler L, Kraus J, Kortus J, Trepte K, Lehtola S. PyFLOSIC: Python-based Fermi–Löwdin orbital self-interaction correction. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:084104. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0012519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schwalbe
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Lenz Fiedler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Kraus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Kai Trepte
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen Aukio 1), FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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25
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Sun Q, Zhang X, Banerjee S, Bao P, Barbry M, Blunt NS, Bogdanov NA, Booth GH, Chen J, Cui ZH, Eriksen JJ, Gao Y, Guo S, Hermann J, Hermes MR, Koh K, Koval P, Lehtola S, Li Z, Liu J, Mardirossian N, McClain JD, Motta M, Mussard B, Pham HQ, Pulkin A, Purwanto W, Robinson PJ, Ronca E, Sayfutyarova ER, Scheurer M, Schurkus HF, Smith JET, Sun C, Sun SN, Upadhyay S, Wagner LK, Wang X, White A, Whitfield JD, Williamson MJ, Wouters S, Yang J, Yu JM, Zhu T, Berkelbach TC, Sharma S, Sokolov AY, Chan GKL. Recent developments in the PySCF program package. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:024109. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0006074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiming Sun
- AxiomQuant Investment Management LLC, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Samragni Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Peng Bao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Marc Barbry
- Simbeyond B.V., P.O. Box 513, NL-5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nick S. Blunt
- Department of Chemistry, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Nikolay A. Bogdanov
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - George H. Booth
- Department of Physics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
- Quantum Theory Project, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Zhi-Hao Cui
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Janus J. Eriksen
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Yang Gao
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Sheng Guo
- Google Inc., Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - Jan Hermann
- FU Berlin, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Arnimallee 6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- TU Berlin, Machine Learning Group, Marchstr. 23, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthew R. Hermes
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Kevin Koh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Notre Dame du Lac, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Peter Koval
- Simune Atomistics S.L., Avenida Tolosa 76, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhendong Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Junzi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Narbe Mardirossian
- AMGEN Research, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, USA
| | | | - Mario Motta
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, California 95120, USA
| | - Bastien Mussard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Hung Q. Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Artem Pulkin
- QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Wirawan Purwanto
- Information Technology Services, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Paul J. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Enrico Ronca
- Istituto per i Processi Chimico Fisici del CNR (IPCF-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi, 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elvira R. Sayfutyarova
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, 225 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg, 205 Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Henry F. Schurkus
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - James E. T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Chong Sun
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Shi-Ning Sun
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Shiv Upadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - Lucas K. Wagner
- Department of Physics and Institute for Condensed Matter Theory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Xiao Wang
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Alec White
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - James Daniel Whitfield
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, USA
| | - Mark J. Williamson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jason M. Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, 1102 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhu
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Timothy C. Berkelbach
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
| | - Sandeep Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Garnet Kin-Lic Chan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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26
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Smith DGA, Burns LA, Simmonett AC, Parrish RM, Schieber MC, Galvelis R, Kraus P, Kruse H, Di Remigio R, Alenaizan A, James AM, Lehtola S, Misiewicz JP, Scheurer M, Shaw RA, Schriber JB, Xie Y, Glick ZL, Sirianni DA, O’Brien JS, Waldrop JM, Kumar A, Hohenstein EG, Pritchard BP, Brooks BR, Schaefer HF, Sokolov AY, Patkowski K, DePrince AE, Bozkaya U, King RA, Evangelista FA, Turney JM, Crawford TD, Sherrill CD. Psi4 1.4: Open-source software for high-throughput quantum chemistry. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184108. [PMID: 32414239 PMCID: PMC7228781 DOI: 10.1063/5.0006002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PSI4 is a free and open-source ab initio electronic structure program providing implementations of Hartree-Fock, density functional theory, many-body perturbation theory, configuration interaction, density cumulant theory, symmetry-adapted perturbation theory, and coupled-cluster theory. Most of the methods are quite efficient, thanks to density fitting and multi-core parallelism. The program is a hybrid of C++ and Python, and calculations may be run with very simple text files or using the Python API, facilitating post-processing and complex workflows; method developers also have access to most of PSI4's core functionalities via Python. Job specification may be passed using The Molecular Sciences Software Institute (MolSSI) QCSCHEMA data format, facilitating interoperability. A rewrite of our top-level computation driver, and concomitant adoption of the MolSSI QCARCHIVE INFRASTRUCTURE project, makes the latest version of PSI4 well suited to distributed computation of large numbers of independent tasks. The project has fostered the development of independent software components that may be reused in other quantum chemistry programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lori A. Burns
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Andrew C. Simmonett
- National Institutes of Health – National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Robert M. Parrish
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Matthew C. Schieber
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | | | - Peter Kraus
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin
University, Kent St., Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102,
Australia
| | - Holger Kruse
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of
Sciences, Královopolská 135, 612 65 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Roberto Di Remigio
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037
Tromsø, Norway
| | - Asem Alenaizan
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Andrew M. James
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki,
Finland
| | - Jonathon P. Misiewicz
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Maximilian Scheurer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific
Computing, Heidelberg University, D-69120 Heidelberg,
Germany
| | - Robert A. Shaw
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science,
School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000,
Australia
| | - Jeffrey B. Schriber
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Zachary L. Glick
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Dominic A. Sirianni
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Joseph Senan O’Brien
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
| | - Jonathan M. Waldrop
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Ashutosh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia
Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Edward G. Hohenstein
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford
PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, California 94025,
USA
| | | | - Bernard R. Brooks
- National Institutes of Health – National Heart,
Lung and Blood Institute, Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bethesda,
Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Henry F. Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | - Alexander Yu. Sokolov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The
Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Konrad Patkowski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn
University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - A. Eugene DePrince
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390,
USA
| | - Uğur Bozkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe
University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Rollin A. King
- Department of Chemistry, Bethel
University, St. Paul, Minnesota 55112, USA
| | | | - Justin M. Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry,
University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA
| | | | - C. David Sherrill
- Center for Computational Molecular Science and
Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Computational Science and
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400,
USA
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27
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Lehtola S, Visscher L, Engel E. Efficient implementation of the superposition of atomic potentials initial guess for electronic structure calculations in Gaussian basis sets. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:144105. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0004046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eberhard Engel
- Center for Scientific Computing, J. W. Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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29
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Levine DS, Hait D, Tubman NM, Lehtola S, Whaley KB, Head-Gordon M. CASSCF with Extremely Large Active Spaces Using the Adaptive Sampling Configuration Interaction Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:2340-2354. [PMID: 32109055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b01255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) method is the principal approach employed for studying strongly correlated systems. However, exact CASSCF can only be performed on small active spaces of ∼20 electrons in ∼20 orbitals due to exponential growth in the computational cost. We show that employing the Adaptive Sampling Configuration Interaction (ASCI) method as an approximate Full CI solver in the active space allows CASSCF-like calculations within chemical accuracy (<1 kcal/mol for relative energies) in active spaces with more than ∼50 active electrons in ∼50 active orbitals, significantly increasing the sizes of systems amenable to accurate multiconfigurational treatment. The main challenge with using any selected CI-based approximate CASSCF is the orbital optimization problem; they tend to exhibit large numbers of local minima in orbital space due to their lack of invariance to active-active rotations (in addition to the local minima that exist in exact CASSCF). We highlight methods that can avoid spurious local extrema as a practical solution to the orbital optimization problem. We employ ASCI-SCF to demonstrate a lack of polyradical character in moderately sized periacenes with up to 52 correlated electrons and compare against heat-bath CI on an iron porphyrin system with more than 40 correlated electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Levine
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Diptarka Hait
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Norm M Tubman
- Quantum Artificial Intelligence Lab (QuAIL), Exploration Technology Directorate, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California 94035, United States
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - K Birgitta Whaley
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Kenneth S. Pitzer Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Abstract
The description of weakly bound electronic states is especially difficult with atomic orbital basis sets. The diffuse atomic basis functions that are necessary to describe the extended electronic state generate significant linear dependencies in the molecular basis set, which may make the electronic structure calculations ill-convergent. We propose a method where the overcomplete molecular basis set is pruned by a pivoted Cholesky decomposition of the overlap matrix, yielding an optimal low-rank approximation that is numerically stable, the pivot indices determining a reduced basis set that is complete enough to describe all the basis functions in the original overcomplete basis. The method can be implemented either by a simple modification to the usual canonical orthogonalization procedure, which hides the excess functions and yields fewer efficiency benefits, or by generating custom basis sets for all the atoms in the system, yielding significant cost reductions in electronic structure calculations. The pruned basis sets from the latter choice allow accurate calculations to be performed at a lower cost even at the self-consistent field level, as illustrated on a solvated (H2O)24 - anion. Our results indicate that the Cholesky procedure allows one to perform calculations with accuracies close to standard augmented basis sets with cost savings which increase with the size of the basis set, ranging from 9% fewer functions in single-ζ basis sets to 28% fewer functions in triple-ζ basis sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A. I. Virtasen aukio 1), FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Shahi C, Bhattarai P, Wagle K, Santra B, Schwalbe S, Hahn T, Kortus J, Jackson KA, Peralta JE, Trepte K, Lehtola S, Nepal NK, Myneni H, Neupane B, Adhikari S, Ruzsinszky A, Yamamoto Y, Baruah T, Zope RR, Perdew JP. Stretched or noded orbital densities and self-interaction correction in density functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:174102. [PMID: 31067878 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Semilocal approximations to the density functional for the exchange-correlation energy of a many-electron system necessarily fail for lobed one-electron densities, including not only the familiar stretched densities but also the less familiar but closely related noded ones. The Perdew-Zunger (PZ) self-interaction correction (SIC) to a semilocal approximation makes that approximation exact for all one-electron ground- or excited-state densities and accurate for stretched bonds. When the minimization of the PZ total energy is made over real localized orbitals, the orbital densities can be noded, leading to energy errors in many-electron systems. Minimization over complex localized orbitals yields nodeless orbital densities, which reduce but typically do not eliminate the SIC errors of atomization energies. Other errors of PZ SIC remain, attributable to the loss of the exact constraints and appropriate norms that the semilocal approximations satisfy, suggesting the need for a generalized SIC. These conclusions are supported by calculations for one-electron densities and for many-electron molecules. While PZ SIC raises and improves the energy barriers of standard generalized gradient approximations (GGAs) and meta-GGAs, it reduces and often worsens the atomization energies of molecules. Thus, PZ SIC raises the energy more as the nodality of the valence localized orbitals increases from atoms to molecules to transition states. PZ SIC is applied here, in particular, to the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA, for which the correlation part is already self-interaction-free. This property makes SCAN a natural first candidate for a generalized SIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Shahi
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Puskar Bhattarai
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Kamal Wagle
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Biswajit Santra
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Sebastian Schwalbe
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hahn
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jens Kortus
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Str. 23, D-09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - Koblar A Jackson
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Juan E Peralta
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Kai Trepte
- Department of Physics and Science of Advanced Materials, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Niraj K Nepal
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Hemanadhan Myneni
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Bimal Neupane
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Santosh Adhikari
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Adrienn Ruzsinszky
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Yoh Yamamoto
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Tunna Baruah
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - Rajendra R Zope
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
| | - John P Perdew
- Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Dimitrova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dage Sundholm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lehtola S. Assessment of Initial Guesses for Self-Consistent Field Calculations. Superposition of Atomic Potentials: Simple yet Efficient. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:1593-1604. [PMID: 30653322 PMCID: PMC6727215 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations, such as in the Hartree-Fock or Kohn-Sham density functional approach, require an initial guess for the molecular orbitals. The quality of the initial guess has a significant impact on the speed of convergence of the self-consistent field (SCF) procedure. Popular choices for the initial guess include the one-electron guess from the core Hamiltonian, the extended Hückel method, and the superposition of atomic densities (SAD). Here, we discuss alternative guesses obtained from the superposition of atomic potentials (SAP), which is easily implementable even in real-space calculations. We also discuss a variant of SAD which produces guess orbitals by purification of the density matrix that could also be used in real-space calculations, as well as a parameter-free variant of the extended Hückel method, which resembles the SAP method and is easy to implement on top of existing SAD infrastructure. The performance of the core Hamiltonian, the SAD, and the SAP guesses as well as the extended Hückel variant is assessed in nonrelativistic calculations on a data set of 259 molecules ranging from the first to the fourth periods by projecting the guess orbitals onto precomputed, converged SCF solutions in single- to triple-ζ basis sets. It is shown that the proposed SAP guess is the best guess on average. The extended Hückel guess offers a good alternative, with less scatter in accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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34
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Lehtola S, Tubman NM, Whaley KB, Head-Gordon M. Cluster decomposition of full configuration interaction wave functions: A tool for chemical interpretation of systems with strong correlation. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:154105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4996044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Norm M. Tubman
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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35
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Lehtola S, Parkhill J, Head-Gordon M. Orbital optimisation in the perfect pairing hierarchy: applications to full-valence calculations on linear polyacenes. Mol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2017.1342009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - John Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvar Ö. Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto,
Espoo, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto,
Espoo, Finland
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martti Puska
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto,
Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto,
Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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37
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Lehtola S, Parkhill J, Head-Gordon M. Cost-effective description of strong correlation: Efficient implementations of the perfect quadruples and perfect hextuples models. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:134110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - John Parkhill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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38
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Lehtola S, Jónsson EÖ, Jónsson H. Effect of Complex-Valued Optimal Orbitals on Atomization Energies with the Perdew–Zunger Self-Interaction Correction to Density Functional Theory. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4296-302. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elvar Ö. Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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39
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Lehtola S, Head-Gordon M, Jónsson H. Complex Orbitals, Multiple Local Minima, and Symmetry Breaking in Perdew-Zunger Self-Interaction Corrected Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:3195-207. [PMID: 27232582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Implentation of seminumerical stability analysis for calculations using the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction correction is described. It is shown that real-valued solutions of the Perdew-Zunger equations for gas phase atoms are unstable with respect to imaginary orbital rotations, confirming that a proper implementation of the correction requires complex-valued orbitals. The orbital density dependence of the self-interaction corrected functional is found to lead to multiple local minima in the case of the acrylic acid, H6, and benzene molecules. In the case of benzene, symmetry breaking that results in incorrect ground state geometry is found to occur, erroneously leading to alternating bond lengths in the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Martin Head-Gordon
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland , 107 Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
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Lehtola S, Jónsson H. Correction to Variational, Self-Consistent Implementation of the Perdew–Zunger Self-Interaction Correction with Complex Optimal Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:5052-3. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Niskanen J, Sahle CJ, Juurinen I, Koskelo J, Lehtola S, Verbeni R, Müller H, Hakala M, Huotari S. Protonation Dynamics and Hydrogen Bonding in Aqueous Sulfuric Acid. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:11732-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b04371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Niskanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christoph J. Sahle
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Iina Juurinen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Koskelo
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roberto Verbeni
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Harald Müller
- ESRF—The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Mikko Hakala
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Huotari
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Rossi TP, Lehtola S, Sakko A, Puska MJ, Nieminen RM. Nanoplasmonics simulations at the basis set limit through completeness-optimized, local numerical basis sets. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:094114. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4913739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuomas P. Rossi
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Susi Lehtola
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Arto Sakko
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Martti J. Puska
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Risto M. Nieminen
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Dean’s Office, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
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Lehtola S, Jónsson H. Correction to Variational, Self-Consistent Implementation of the Perdew–Zunger Self-Interaction Correction with Complex Optimal Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:839. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Koskelo J, Juurinen I, Ruotsalainen KO, McGrath MJ, Kuo IF, Lehtola S, Galambosi S, Hämäläinen K, Huotari S, Hakala M. Intra- and intermolecular effects on the Compton profile of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:244505. [PMID: 25554165 DOI: 10.1063/1.4904278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a comprehensive simulation study on the solid-liquid phase transition of the ionic liquid 1,3-dimethylimidazolium chloride in terms of the changes in the atomic structure and their effect on the Compton profile. The structures were obtained by using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Chosen radial distribution functions of the liquid structure are presented and found generally to be in good agreement with previous ab initio molecular dynamics and neutron scattering studies. The main contributions to the predicted difference Compton profile are found to arise from intermolecular changes in the phase transition. This prediction can be used for interpreting future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Koskelo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Juurinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K O Ruotsalainen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M J McGrath
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA-Orme des Merisiers, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - I-F Kuo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - S Lehtola
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Galambosi
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Hämäläinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Huotari
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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46
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Lehtola S. Automatic algorithms for completeness-optimization of Gaussian basis sets. J Comput Chem 2014; 36:335-47. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; P. O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki Finland
- Department of Applied Physics; COMP Center of Excellence; P. O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto Finland
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Lehtola S, Jónsson H. Variational, Self-Consistent Implementation of the Perdew–Zunger Self-Interaction Correction with Complex Optimal Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:5324-37. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500637x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence and Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- COMP
Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP
Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science,
P.O. Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty
of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavı́k, Iceland
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
| | - Hannes Jónsson
- COMP Centre of Excellence, Department of
Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, P.O.
Box 11000, FI-00076 Aalto, Espoo, Finland
- Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Iceland, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
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50
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Lehtola S, Manninen P, Hakala M, Hämäläinen K. Contraction of completeness-optimized basis sets: Application to ground-state electron momentum densities. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:044109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4788635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susi Lehtola
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland.
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